How to Read IPA - Learn How Using IPA Can Improve Your Pronunciation
怎样读IPA(国际音标)
872,809 views ・ 2020-10-06
请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
00:01
Hi, I’m Gina. Welcome to Oxford Online English!
In this lesson, you can learn about using IPA.
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您好,我是Gina。欢迎来到
Oxford Online English!
在本节课中,您能学到有关使用IPA的知识。
00:10
You’ll see how using IPA can
improve your English pronunciation
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您会看到使用IPA能怎样
改善您的英语发音
00:14
and help you to avoid pronunciation mistakes.
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以及帮助您来避免发音错误。
00:20
To see more free English lessons, visit our
website: Oxford Online English dot com. You
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要看更多免费英语课程,访问我们
的网站: Oxford Online English dot com。
00:27
can also book English classes with
our fully-qualified teachers, who can
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您 也能向我们完全合资格的老师
预订课程,他们可以在
00:32
help you with your English speaking, writing,
IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.
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英语口语、写作、雅思准备或
任何您需要的事情上帮您。
00:40
So, this lesson is about
IPA. What does IPA stand for?
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那么,这节课是有关IPA的,
IPA代表什么?
00:47
IPA stands for ‘international phonetic alphabet’.
Maybe you know something about IPA already.
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IPA 代表“international phonetic alphabet”。
也许您已经知道有关IPA的某些事。
00:55
For example…
Why do you need IPA? Well,
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例如…
为什么您需要IPA?好吧。
01:01
you don’t *have* to learn it, but it can
help you with English learning. Here’s why.
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您*不必*去学它,但是它能在英语
学习上帮您。这就是原因。
01:08
English spelling and pronunciation are horribly
irregular. Take these words as examples:
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英语拼写和发音可怕地是不规律的。
拿一些单词做例子:
01:16
thorough, Wednesday, consciousness, or champagne.
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thorough、Wednesday、consciousness、
或是champagne。
01:24
There’s not much relation between what you write
and what you say. That makes things difficult.
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您写的和我说的之间没有太多
关联。那会让事情更困难。
01:31
To make it clear why this is,
let’s do a different test.
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要弄清楚这是为什么,
让我们做一个不同的测试。
01:36
We’re going to show you some colours. Say the
colour of the square out loud as you see it.
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我们来显示给您看一些颜色。大声地
读出您看到方块里的颜色。
01:48
Did you say ‘red’, ‘blue’, ‘yellow’?
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您说“red”、“blue”、“yellow”?
01:52
Did the words in a different colour slow you down?
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不同颜色的单词让您慢下来了吗?
01:57
Maybe that was easy, maybe not. Either
way, your brain has to work harder,
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也许那是简单的,也许不。无论
怎样,您的大脑必须努力工作。
02:03
because in this test, you have to read a word,
and then ignore it and say something different.
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因为在这个测试里,您必须要读一个单词,
然后忽略它并说一些不同的事情。
02:10
That’s what reading English is like. You have
to see one thing, and say something else.
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这就是阅读英语的感觉。 您不得不
看到一件事,然后说其他话。
02:17
Often, your instinct is to read the letters you
see phonetically. This is tiring to fight against,
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通常,您的直觉是用音标来阅读您
看到的字母。这很令人讨厌,
02:23
and it leads to pronunciation mistakes,
which can easily become bad habits over time.
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它会产生发音错误, 时间越久,
那会轻易地成为坏习惯。
02:31
Using IPA when you study vocabulary
solves this problem for you. With IPA,
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在您学习词汇时使用IPA帮您
解决了这个问题。用IPA,
02:38
you don’t have to see one thing and say
another. IPA is one hundred per cent phonetic.
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您不必看着一件事并说另一个。
IPA是百分之一百音标的。
02:44
That means the pronunciation and the
‘spelling’ match exactly, every time.
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那意思是发音和拼写每一次准确地匹配。
02:52
If you’ve never used IPA before,
it might look complicated.
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如果您之前从未使用IPA,
那也许看上去会复杂。
02:58
It’s not. You can learn to use IPA from
zero with one or two hours of practice.
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不是那样的。您可以用1到2个小时
练习,从零开始学习使用IPA。
03:05
In the rest of this lesson, you’ll get a basic
introduction to reading and writing in IPA,
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在本课程的剩余部分,您会在读写
IPA上得到一个基本的介绍,
03:12
and you’ll see how you can use it to make your
English learning easier and more effective.
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您会看到您可以怎样用它来让您的
英语学习更容易和更有效。
03:18
One note before we continue: we’re using IPA
based on southern British English pronunciation.
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在我们继续之前有一个提示:我们正在
使用的IPA是基于英国南部发音。
03:26
Other varieties of English, like US English,
are written slightly differently in IPA.
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其他的英语,像是美国英语,
在IPA书写上有一点点不同。
03:33
However, the differences are not large.
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然而,区别是不大的。
03:37
So now, let’s look at how to read IPA.
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那么现在,让我们看看
怎样去读IPA。
03:44
First, some good news! Many IPA symbols are easy,
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首先,一些好消息!很多IPA
符号是容易的,
03:49
because they look like regular letters,
and have the same pronunciation.
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因为他们看上去像是有规律的字母,
以及有相同的发音。
03:54
This is true for many consonant
sounds, like /b/, /m/ or /l/.
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对很多辅音声音来说,这是真的,
像是/b/、/m/或/l/。
04:02
Let’s try it. Even if you’ve
never used IPA before,
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让我们试一下。甚至如果您之前
从没有用过IPA,
04:06
I think you could guess what these words are.
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我认为您可以猜测这些单词是什么。
04:12
Can you say the words? They
are: street, traffic, darkness.
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您能说这些单词吗?它们是:
street、traffic、darkness。
04:21
Remember that in IPA, the same sound is always
written the same way. In English, a /k/ sound
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记住,在IPA,相同的声音总是用相同的方式
写下的。在英语里,一个/k/音
04:31
can be written with the letters ‘k’ ‘c’, or maybe
‘q’, but in IPA, you always write it with ‘k’.
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可以写成字母“k”、“c”,或也许是
“q”,在IPA,您总是写成“k”。
04:41
Consonant sounds which are often
written with two letters in English,
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英语辅音声音通常用两种字母写,
04:46
like /ð/, /ʃ/ or /dʒ/, have symbols in IPA
which look different from regular letters.
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像/ð/、/ʃ/或/dʒ/,有IPA符号看上去是
与规则的字母不同的。
04:56
However, there aren’t so
many of them. Take a look.
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然而,并不是太多。看一下。
05:01
Pause the video if you want
more time to study these.
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如果您想要更多时间去
学习这些,暂停视频。
05:07
Ready? Let’s do some practice.
Can you read these words in IPA?
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准备好了吗?让我们做一些练习。
您能用IPA读这些单词吗?
05:15
Can you read the words? They are:
fridge, think, teacher, shopping.
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您能读这些单词吗?它们是:
fridge、think、teacher、shopping。
05:25
By the way, do you see the little mark
which looks like an apostrophe in the
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另一方面,您看到了最后两个
单词里看上去像是撇号的
05:29
last two words? Do you know what it means?
This mark shows you where the stress is
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小标识吗?您知道那是什么意思吗?
这个标识告诉您单词的重音
05:38
in the word. The syllable after
this little mark is stressed.
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在哪。在这个小标识后的
音节是加重的。
05:44
Now, you can already read a lot
in IPA. What do you need next?
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现在,您也可以用IPA读很多了。
接下来您要做什么?
05:53
Reading vowels in IPA is a little more
work. Why? Because the Roman alphabet
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在IPA读元音会复杂一点,为什么?
因为罗马字母有
06:00
has six vowel letters, but there are at least
22 phonetic vowels in English pronunciation.
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有六个字母,但是在英语发音
至少有22个元音音标。
06:08
Why ‘at least?’ It’s because there isn’t
one way to pronounce English, and so
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为什么“至少?”那是因为不是只有
一个方式去英语发音,所以
06:16
there’s more than one way to write English in IPA.
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有超过一种方法用IPA写英语。
06:21
Also, sometimes people use different
systems for writing in IPA. For example,
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同样,有时人们使用不同的
体系来用IPA写,例如,
06:28
one book might use the same symbol for two vowel
sounds which are very similar to each other,
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对于两种互相十分相似的元音声音,
一本书也许使用相同的符号,
06:36
but another book might use different symbols.
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但是另一本书也许使用不同的符号。
06:40
Don’t worry about this. It’s not a problem.
In this video, you’re seeing a common system
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不用担心这个。那不是问题。
在本视频里,您在看一个常见的体系
06:46
for writing English in IPA. You might see
different patterns or symbols in other places.
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用IPA写英语。您也许在其他地方
看到不同的符号或图案。
06:52
It doesn’t mean that one way is right or wrong.
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那不意味着一种方式是对的或错的。
06:57
Anyway, let’s see how to read vowels in IPA.
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好吧,让我们看看在IPA怎样读元音。
07:02
You might know already that there are
three kinds of vowel sounds in English:
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您也许已经知道在英语里
有三种元音声音:
07:08
short sounds, long sounds and diphthongs.
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短音、长音和双元音。
07:14
For example, the /ɪ/ sound in ‘bit’ is
short. The /ɔː/ sound in ‘door’ is long.
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例如, "bit“的/ɪ/音是短的。
”door“的/ɔː/是长的。
07:24
The /əʊ/ sound in ‘home’ is a diphthong.
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”home“的/əʊ/音是一个双元音。
07:29
It’s easy to see the difference between
these three types of sounds in IPA.
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很容音在IPA看到这三种元音之间的区别。
07:36
Short sounds appear as a single symbol.
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短音显示为一个单符号。
07:42
Remember to pause whenever you need if you
want to look at something in more detail.
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如果您想去看某些东西更具体的细节,无论
何时,如果您需要,记得暂停视频。
07:50
Long sounds have a mark after
them, which looks like a colon.
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长音在看上去像一个冒号的
符号之后有一个标识。
07:57
Diphthongs appear as two symbols.
Going through the pronunciations of
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双元音显示为两个符号。
纵览所有元音发音需要
08:04
all the vowel sounds would take a long time,
plus we already made a whole video about it!
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花很长时间,加上我们已经制作
了一个完整的相关视频!
08:10
If you’re watching on YouTube, you can
find a link in the video description.
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如果您在YouTube上看,您可以在
视频描述里找到一个链接。
08:16
You can also check the full version
of this lesson on our website.
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您也可以在我们的网站上看
本节课的完整版本。
08:21
There are notes on IPA symbols
and how to pronounce them.
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有关IPA符号以及他们如何发音的注释。
08:26
Reading vowel sounds in IPA is more
difficult, because there are more
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用IPA读元音是很难的,
因为每种声音
08:31
possible spellings for each sound, so the
connection between the IPA and the spelling
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有很多可能的拼写,所以IPA和
拼写之间的连接
08:37
might be less obvious. But, with a little
practice, you’ll be able to do it easily.
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可能不是太明显。 但是,只需一些
小练习,您会轻松做到。
08:43
Let’s try a few words now.
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让我们现在试几个单词。
08:47
Pause the video if you want
more time to think about it.
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如果您想要更多时间考虑它,
暂停视频。
08:53
Ready? The words are: woman,
banana, brown, floor, information.
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准备好了吗?单词是:woman、
banana、brown、floor、information。
09:05
Let’s try five more. These
are a little more challenging.
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让我们多试五个。有一点点挑战。
09:11
Can you work out what these words are?
Again, pause the video if you need to.
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您可以得出这些单词是什么吗?
同样,如果您需要,暂停视频。
09:19
The words are: airport,
mango, anyone, early, zero.
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单词是:airport、mango、anyone、early、zero。
09:28
Did you get them right?
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您得出的单词是正确的吗?
09:30
If so, great! If not, don’t worry. You just
need more time to get familiar with IPA.
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如果是这样,很棒!如果没有,不用担
心。您仅需要更多时间来更熟悉IPA。
09:38
How can you practise? Easy!
There’s a great website:
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您可以怎样练习呢?简单!
有一个很棒的网站:
09:42
tophonetics dot com. You can
paste text into the site,
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tophonetics dot com,您可以
粘贴内容到网站上,
09:46
and it will change the text to IPA. You can
even choose between UK and US pronunciation.
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它会把内容改成IPA。您甚至可以选
英国或美国发音。
09:55
Take a text, paste it in to the website, and
try reading the IPA. Spend a little time on
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找一个内容,粘贴到网站上然后试着读
IPA。花一点时间在这种
10:03
this kind of practice – five or ten minutes a
day – and you’ll soon find it easy to read IPA.
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练习上——每天5到10分钟 – 您
会很快就发现读IPA很容易。
10:12
What if you want to write in
IPA on a computer or phone?
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如果您想在电脑或手机上用IPA写呢?
10:17
There are several options, but a good
free one is ipa dot typeit dot org.
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有几种选择,但是有一个好的免费
网站是ipa dot typeit dot org。
10:25
Now, you should have all the resources you
need to practise reading and writing using IPA.
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现在,您已经有了您需要用IPA来练习
读和写的所有资源。
10:33
But, how should you use them? Let’s look.
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但是,您怎样用它们呢?我们来看看。
10:40
In this section, we’ll give
you some advice on using IPA
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在这个单元,我们会给您一些
在使用IPA上的建议
10:44
to help you learn English more
efficiently and speak better.
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来帮您更有效的学习英语并说得更好。
10:49
Our first piece of advice might sound
strange: consider *not* using IPA! Why?
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我们的第一个建议也许听上去奇怪:
用IPA考虑 *not*!为什么?
10:58
Some people don’t benefit from it.
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有些人不会受益于此。
11:01
In our experience, using IPA is *really*
helpful for some learners, but not for everyone.
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在我们的经验里,使用IPA是*真正地*
有助于一些学习者,
但是不会对每一个人有用。
11:09
For example, some learners get better results
by listening and copying the pronunciation.
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例如,一些学习者通过听和复读
发音来得到好的结果。
11:17
Some people are good at this, but
there are others who can’t do it well.
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有些人在这方面是可以的,但
有一些其他人不能做好它。
11:23
This isn’t a problem. Different people learn
in different ways. If you find IPA confusing
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这不是一个问题,不同的人用不同的
方式学习。如果您发现IPA搞混了,
11:30
and you don’t feel that it’s helping you, don’t
feel that you have to use it. It’s just a tool.
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您不觉得那是对您有用的,不要
觉得您不得不用它,
那只是一个工具。
11:38
You can use it if it’s helpful, but
there are other ways to learn, too.
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如果那是有用的,您可以用它,但是
也有其他的方式去学习。
11:44
If you think IPA will be
helpful for you, then what?
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如果您认为IPA会对您是有用的,
然后怎样?
11:49
First, whatever dictionary you use, find
where the IPA transcriptions are given.
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首先,无论您使用什么字典,
找到给出的IPA转写。
11:54
Some dictionaries hide the phonetic transcription
behind a button, or at the bottom of the page.
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一些字典在一个按键后面隐藏音标转写,
或者在一个页面的底部。
12:01
Our two recommended online dictionaries are
Lexico and Longman. Lexico puts the phonetic
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我们对在线字典的推荐是Lexico和
Longman。Lexico把音标转写
12:07
transcription at the bottom. Longman has it
next to the word, at the top of the page.
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12:07
Second, get in the habit of writing down the
IPA next to the word when you write down new
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放在底部。Longman是跟随在单词
的后面,在页面的顶端。
其次,养成习惯,当您写下新的词汇
时,在词汇后面写下IPA。
12:14
vocabulary. Don’t forget to mark the stress!
Word stress is essential for clear pronunciation.
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不要忘记标注重音!单词重音
对清晰发音来说是必要的。
12:24
When you’re reviewing vocabulary, you should read
the words out loud to practise the pronunciation.
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当您正在复习词汇时,您必须大声地
读出单词来练习发音。
12:32
When you do this, look *only* at the IPA. Don’t
think about the spelling of the written word.
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当您做这个时,*只*看着IPA。
不要想单词的拼写。
12:40
Look at the IPA and say the word out loud.
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看着IPA大声地念单词。
12:46
This way, you can be sure that
you’re pronouncing words correctly
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用这种方式,从首次学习他们起,
您可以确定您正在正确地
12:51
from the first time you study them. That lets you
avoid training bad habits and making mistakes.
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读单词的发音。那会让您避免
训练出坏习惯以及出错。
13:00
Learning IPA for the first time can take a
couple of hours, but it’s worth the time.
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首次学习IPA会花几个小时,
但是是值得的。
13:06
Get into these habits, and your
pronunciation will be clearer
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养成这些习惯,您的发音会更清晰
13:10
and more accurate, and it doesn’t
need much effort from you.
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并更准确,那不需要您努力太多。
13:15
Do you have any other tips for using IPA
to improve your English pronunciation?
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您有任何其他的诀窍来用IPA去
让您的英语发音更好吗?
13:21
Please let us know in the comments!
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请在评论里留言让我们知道!
13:25
Thanks for watching!
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感谢观看!
13:26
See you next time!
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下次见!
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