How to Read IPA - Learn How Using IPA Can Improve Your Pronunciation
882,577 views ・ 2020-10-06
請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。
00:01
Hi, I’m Gina. Welcome to Oxford Online English!
In this lesson, you can learn about using IPA.
0
1200
7760
您好,我是Gina。歡迎來到
Oxford Online English!
在本節課裡,您能學到有關IPA的知識。
00:10
You’ll see how using IPA can
improve your English pronunciation
1
10000
4160
您會看到用IPA可以怎樣
優化您的英文發音
00:14
and help you to avoid pronunciation mistakes.
2
14880
3920
以及幫助您來避免發音錯誤。
00:20
To see more free English lessons, visit our
website: Oxford Online English dot com. You
3
20240
7120
要看更多免費英文課程,訪問我們
的網站: Oxford Online English dot com。
00:27
can also book English classes with
our fully-qualified teachers, who can
4
27360
4880
您也能預訂我們有完整資格的老師
的課程,他們可以在
00:32
help you with your English speaking, writing,
IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.
5
32240
7120
英文口說、寫作、雅思準備或
任何您需要的事情上幫您。
00:40
So, this lesson is about
IPA. What does IPA stand for?
6
40480
5200
那麼,這節課是有關IPA的,
IPA代表什麼?
00:47
IPA stands for ‘international phonetic alphabet’.
Maybe you know something about IPA already.
7
47680
6560
IPA代表“international phonetic alphabet”。
也許您已經知道有關IPA的某些事情。
00:55
For example…
Why do you need IPA? Well,
8
55200
6720
例如…為什麼您需要IPA?
好吧。
01:01
you don’t *have* to learn it, but it can
help you with English learning. Here’s why.
9
61920
5360
您*不必*去學它,但是它能在英文
學習上幫助你。這就是原因。
01:08
English spelling and pronunciation are horribly
irregular. Take these words as examples:
10
68800
6080
英文拼寫和發音是可怕地不規律。
用一些單字做例子:
01:16
thorough, Wednesday, consciousness, or champagne.
11
76000
5760
thorough、Wednesday、consciousness、
或是champagne。
01:24
There’s not much relation between what you write
and what you say. That makes things difficult.
12
84320
6320
您寫的和我說的之間沒有太多
關聯。那會讓事情更困難。
01:31
To make it clear why this is,
let’s do a different test.
13
91360
3920
要清楚這是為什麼,
我們做一個不同的測試。
01:36
We’re going to show you some colours. Say the
colour of the square out loud as you see it.
14
96000
6720
我們顯示給您看一些顏色。大聲地
唸出您看到方塊裡的顏色。
01:48
Did you say ‘red’, ‘blue’, ‘yellow’?
15
108080
2800
您說“red”、“blue”、“yellow”?
01:52
Did the words in a different colour slow you down?
16
112000
3880
不同顏色的單字讓讓您慢下來了嗎?
01:57
Maybe that was easy, maybe not. Either
way, your brain has to work harder,
17
117120
6000
也許那時簡單的,也許不。無論
怎樣,您的大腦必須努力工作。
02:03
because in this test, you have to read a word,
and then ignore it and say something different.
18
123120
6160
因為在這個測試裡,您必須要讀一個單字,
然後忽略它並說一些不同的事情。
02:10
That’s what reading English is like. You have
to see one thing, and say something else.
19
130720
5680
這就是閱讀英文的感覺。您不得不
看到一件事,然後說其他話。
02:17
Often, your instinct is to read the letters you
see phonetically. This is tiring to fight against,
20
137360
6000
通常,您的直覺是用音標來閱讀您
看到的字母。這很令人討厭,
02:23
and it leads to pronunciation mistakes,
which can easily become bad habits over time.
21
143360
6320
它會讓發音錯誤,時間越久,
那會輕易地成為壞習慣。
02:31
Using IPA when you study vocabulary
solves this problem for you. With IPA,
22
151200
6560
在您學習字彙時用IPA幫您
解決了這個問題。用IPA,
02:38
you don’t have to see one thing and say
another. IPA is one hundred per cent phonetic.
23
158320
6240
您不必看一件事而說另一件。
IPA是百分之一百音標化的。
02:44
That means the pronunciation and the
‘spelling’ match exactly, every time.
24
164560
6080
那意思是發音和拼寫每一次準確地匹配。
02:52
If you’ve never used IPA before,
it might look complicated.
25
172400
4320
如果您之前從未用過IPA,
那可能看上去會複雜。
02:58
It’s not. You can learn to use IPA from
zero with one or two hours of practice.
26
178160
6400
不是那樣的。你可以用1到2個小時
練習,從零開始學習用IPA。
03:05
In the rest of this lesson, you’ll get a basic
introduction to reading and writing in IPA,
27
185600
5600
在本課程的剩餘部份,您會在讀寫
IPA上了解基本的簡介,
03:12
and you’ll see how you can use it to make your
English learning easier and more effective.
28
192080
5760
您會看到您能怎樣用它來讓您的
英文學習更容易和更有效。
03:18
One note before we continue: we’re using IPA
based on southern British English pronunciation.
29
198480
7040
在我們繼續之前,有一個提示:我們正在
用的IPA是基於英國南部的發音。
03:26
Other varieties of English, like US English,
are written slightly differently in IPA.
30
206560
5920
其他的英文,像是美語,
在IPA書寫上有一點點區別。
03:33
However, the differences are not large.
31
213440
2560
然而,區別是不大的。
03:37
So now, let’s look at how to read IPA.
32
217360
3440
那麼現在,我們看看怎樣讀IPA。
03:44
First, some good news! Many IPA symbols are easy,
33
224640
4720
首先,一些好消息!很多IPA
符號是容易的,
03:49
because they look like regular letters,
and have the same pronunciation.
34
229360
4160
因為它們看上去像是有規律的字母,
以及有相同的發音。
03:54
This is true for many consonant
sounds, like /b/, /m/ or /l/.
35
234560
7920
對很多子音發音來說,這是真的,
像是/b/、/m/或/l/。
04:02
Let’s try it. Even if you’ve
never used IPA before,
36
242480
4160
我們試一下。甚至是如果您之前
從沒有用過IPA,
04:06
I think you could guess what these words are.
37
246640
3040
我認為您可以猜猜這些單字是什麼。
04:12
Can you say the words? They
are: street, traffic, darkness.
38
252320
6720
您能說這些單字嗎?它們是:
street、traffic、darkness。
04:21
Remember that in IPA, the same sound is always
written the same way. In English, a /k/ sound
39
261680
9360
記住,在IPA,相同的聲音總是用相同的方式
寫下來的。在英文裡,一個/k/音
04:31
can be written with the letters ‘k’ ‘c’, or maybe
‘q’, but in IPA, you always write it with ‘k’.
40
271040
8560
可以寫成字母“k”、“c”,或也許是
“q”,在IPA,您總是寫成“k”。
04:41
Consonant sounds which are often
written with two letters in English,
41
281440
4400
英文子音聲音通常用兩種字母寫,
04:46
like /ð/, /ʃ/ or /dʒ/, have symbols in IPA
which look different from regular letters.
42
286480
9520
像是/ð/、/ʃ/或/dʒ/,有IPA符號看上去是
與規則的字母不同的。
04:56
However, there aren’t so
many of them. Take a look.
43
296000
3760
然而,那並不是太多。看一下。
05:01
Pause the video if you want
more time to study these.
44
301920
3280
如果您想要更多時間去
學習這些,暫停影片。
05:07
Ready? Let’s do some practice.
Can you read these words in IPA?
45
307360
5920
準備好了嗎?我們做一些練習。
您能用IPA讀這些單字嗎?
05:15
Can you read the words? They are:
fridge, think, teacher, shopping.
46
315600
8240
您能讀這些單字嗎?它們是:
fridge、think、teacher、shopping。
05:25
By the way, do you see the little mark
which looks like an apostrophe in the
47
325360
4080
此外,您看到了最後兩個
單字裡看上去像是撇號的
05:29
last two words? Do you know what it means?
This mark shows you where the stress is
48
329440
8800
小標識嗎?您知道那是什麼意思嗎?
這個標識告訴您單字的重音
05:38
in the word. The syllable after
this little mark is stressed.
49
338240
4800
在哪。在這個小標識後的
音節是加重的。
05:44
Now, you can already read a lot
in IPA. What do you need next?
50
344800
7040
現在,您可以用IPA讀很多了。
接下來您要做什麼?
05:53
Reading vowels in IPA is a little more
work. Why? Because the Roman alphabet
51
353280
7200
在IPA讀母音會複雜一點,為什麼?
因為羅馬字母有
06:00
has six vowel letters, but there are at least
22 phonetic vowels in English pronunciation.
52
360480
7440
有六個,但是在英文發音
至少有22個母音音標。
06:08
Why ‘at least?’ It’s because there isn’t
one way to pronounce English, and so
53
368960
7040
為什麼“至少?”那是因為不是僅有
一個英文發音的方式,所以
06:16
there’s more than one way to write English in IPA.
54
376000
3840
有超過一種方式來用IPA寫英文。
06:21
Also, sometimes people use different
systems for writing in IPA. For example,
55
381440
6720
同樣,有時人們使用不同的
體系來用IPA寫,例如,
06:28
one book might use the same symbol for two vowel
sounds which are very similar to each other,
56
388960
6400
對於兩種互相之間十分相似的母音聲音,
一本書也許使用相同的符號,
06:36
but another book might use different symbols.
57
396400
2960
但是另一本書也許用不同的符號。
06:40
Don’t worry about this. It’s not a problem.
In this video, you’re seeing a common system
58
400640
5520
不用擔心這個。那不是問題。
在本影片裡,您在看一個常見的體系
06:46
for writing English in IPA. You might see
different patterns or symbols in other places.
59
406160
5600
用IPA寫英文。您也許在其他地方
看到不同的符號或圖案。
06:52
It doesn’t mean that one way is right or wrong.
60
412400
3200
那不意味著一種方式是對的或錯的。
06:57
Anyway, let’s see how to read vowels in IPA.
61
417040
5200
好吧,我們看看在IPA怎樣讀母音。
07:02
You might know already that there are
three kinds of vowel sounds in English:
62
422240
5040
您也許已經知道在英文裡
有三種母音聲音:
07:08
short sounds, long sounds and diphthongs.
63
428320
4560
短音、長音和雙母音。
07:14
For example, the /ɪ/ sound in ‘bit’ is
short. The /ɔː/ sound in ‘door’ is long.
64
434080
9520
例如, "bit“的/ɪ/音是短的。
”door“的/ɔː/是長的。
07:24
The /əʊ/ sound in ‘home’ is a diphthong.
65
444880
3760
”home“的/əʊ/音是一個雙母音。
07:29
It’s easy to see the difference between
these three types of sounds in IPA.
66
449680
5360
很容易在IPA看到這三種母音之間的區別。
07:36
Short sounds appear as a single symbol.
67
456080
3040
短音顯示為一個單符號。
07:42
Remember to pause whenever you need if you
want to look at something in more detail.
68
462560
5360
如果您想去看某些東西更具體的細節,無論
何時,如果您需要,記得暫停影片。
07:50
Long sounds have a mark after
them, which looks like a colon.
69
470000
4320
長音在看上去像是一個冒號的
符號之後有一個標識。
07:57
Diphthongs appear as two symbols.
Going through the pronunciations of
70
477280
6880
雙母音顯示為兩個符號。
縱覽所有母音發音需要
08:04
all the vowel sounds would take a long time,
plus we already made a whole video about it!
71
484160
5600
花很長時間,加上我們已經製作
了一個完整的相關影片!
08:10
If you’re watching on YouTube, you can
find a link in the video description.
72
490640
4240
如果您在YouTube上看,您可以在
影片描述裡找到一個連接。
08:16
You can also check the full version
of this lesson on our website.
73
496000
4960
您也可以在我們的網站上看
本節課的完整版本。
08:21
There are notes on IPA symbols
and how to pronounce them.
74
501520
4320
有關IPA符號以及他們如何發音的注釋。
08:26
Reading vowel sounds in IPA is more
difficult, because there are more
75
506480
4560
用IPA讀母音是很難的,
因為每種聲音
08:31
possible spellings for each sound, so the
connection between the IPA and the spelling
76
511040
6160
有很多可能的拼寫,所以IPA和
拼寫之間的連接
08:37
might be less obvious. But, with a little
practice, you’ll be able to do it easily.
77
517840
5040
可能不是太明顯。但是,只需一些
小練習,您會輕鬆做到。
08:43
Let’s try a few words now.
78
523840
1280
我們現在試幾個單字。
08:47
Pause the video if you want
more time to think about it.
79
527360
3280
如果您想要更多時間考慮它,
暫停影片。
08:53
Ready? The words are: woman,
banana, brown, floor, information.
80
533440
10400
準備好了嗎?單字是:woman、
banana、brown、floor、information。
09:05
Let’s try five more. These
are a little more challenging.
81
545200
4000
我們多試五個。有一點點挑戰。
09:11
Can you work out what these words are?
Again, pause the video if you need to.
82
551520
5600
您可以找出這些單詞是哪些嗎?
同樣,如果您需要,暫停影片。
09:19
The words are: airport,
mango, anyone, early, zero.
83
559760
7600
單字是:airport、mango、anyone、early、zero。
09:28
Did you get them right?
84
568640
880
您得出的單字是正確的嗎?
09:30
If so, great! If not, don’t worry. You just
need more time to get familiar with IPA.
85
570320
6480
如果是這樣,很棒!如果沒有,不用擔
心。您僅需要更多時間來更熟悉IPA。
09:38
How can you practise? Easy!
There’s a great website:
86
578160
4080
您可以怎樣練習呢?簡單!
有一個很棒的網站:
09:42
tophonetics dot com. You can
paste text into the site,
87
582240
4480
tophonetics dot com,您可以
複製貼到網站上,
09:46
and it will change the text to IPA. You can
even choose between UK and US pronunciation.
88
586720
7280
它會把內容改成IPA。您甚至可以選
英國或美語發音。
09:55
Take a text, paste it in to the website, and
try reading the IPA. Spend a little time on
89
595040
8160
找一個內容,貼到網站上然後試著讀
IPA。花一點時間在這種
10:03
this kind of practice – five or ten minutes a
day – and you’ll soon find it easy to read IPA.
90
603200
7520
練習上——每天5到10分鐘 —— 您
會很快就發現讀IPA很容易。
10:12
What if you want to write in
IPA on a computer or phone?
91
612080
4080
如果您想在電腦或行動電話上用IPA寫呢?
10:17
There are several options, but a good
free one is ipa dot typeit dot org.
92
617040
8800
有幾種選擇,但是有一個好的免費
網站是ipa dot typeit dot org。
10:25
Now, you should have all the resources you
need to practise reading and writing using IPA.
93
625840
6960
現在,您已經有了您需要用IPA來練習
讀和寫的所有資源。
10:33
But, how should you use them? Let’s look.
94
633840
3520
但是,您怎樣用他們呢?我們來看看。
10:40
In this section, we’ll give
you some advice on using IPA
95
640880
3280
在這個單元,我們會給您一些
在用IPA上的建議
10:44
to help you learn English more
efficiently and speak better.
96
644160
3840
來幫您更有效的學習英文並說得更好。
10:49
Our first piece of advice might sound
strange: consider *not* using IPA! Why?
97
649120
8640
我們的第一個建議也許聽上去奇怪:
用IPA考慮 *not*!為什麼?
10:58
Some people don’t benefit from it.
98
658800
1680
有些人不會受益於此。
11:01
In our experience, using IPA is *really*
helpful for some learners, but not for everyone.
99
661280
6800
在我們的經驗裡,用IPA是*真正地*
有助於一些學習者,
但是不會對每一個人有用。
11:09
For example, some learners get better results
by listening and copying the pronunciation.
100
669360
6560
例如,一些學習者通過聽和復讀
發音來得到好的結果。
11:17
Some people are good at this, but
there are others who can’t do it well.
101
677200
4640
有些人在這方面是可以的,但
有一些其他人不能做好它。
11:23
This isn’t a problem. Different people learn
in different ways. If you find IPA confusing
102
683040
7760
這不是一個問題,不同的人用不同的
方式學習。如果您發現IPA搞混了,
11:30
and you don’t feel that it’s helping you, don’t
feel that you have to use it. It’s just a tool.
103
690800
6560
您不覺得那是對您有用的,不要
覺得您不得不用它,
那只是一個工具。
11:38
You can use it if it’s helpful, but
there are other ways to learn, too.
104
698000
4560
如果那是有用的,您可以用它,但是
也有其他的方式去學習。
11:44
If you think IPA will be
helpful for you, then what?
105
704000
3920
如果您認為IPA會對您是有用的,
然後怎樣?
11:49
First, whatever dictionary you use, find
where the IPA transcriptions are given.
106
709200
5520
首先,無論您用什麼辭典,
找到給出的IPA轉寫。
11:54
Some dictionaries hide the phonetic transcription
behind a button, or at the bottom of the page.
107
714720
5440
一些辭典在一個按鍵後面隱藏音標轉寫,
或者在一個頁面的底部。
12:01
Our two recommended online dictionaries are
Lexico and Longman. Lexico puts the phonetic
108
721680
5512
我們對線上辭典的推薦是Lexico和
Longman。Lexico把音標轉寫
12:07
transcription at the bottom. Longman has it
next to the word, at the top of the page.
109
727192
248
12:07
Second, get in the habit of writing down the
IPA next to the word when you write down new
110
727440
7120
放在底部。Longman是跟隨在單字
的後面,在頁面的頂端。
其次,養成習慣,當您寫下新的字彙
時,在字彙後面寫下IPA。
12:14
vocabulary. Don’t forget to mark the stress!
Word stress is essential for clear pronunciation.
111
734560
9760
不要忘記標註重音!單字重音
對清晰發音來說是必要的。
12:24
When you’re reviewing vocabulary, you should read
the words out loud to practise the pronunciation.
112
744320
6800
當您正在複習字彙時,您必須大聲地
唸出單字來練習發音。
12:32
When you do this, look *only* at the IPA. Don’t
think about the spelling of the written word.
113
752240
7360
當您做這個時,*只*看著IPA。
不要想單字的拼寫。
12:40
Look at the IPA and say the word out loud.
114
760640
3840
看著IPA大聲地唸單字。
12:46
This way, you can be sure that
you’re pronouncing words correctly
115
766240
4240
用這種方式,從首次學習它們起,
您可以確定您正在正確地
12:51
from the first time you study them. That lets you
avoid training bad habits and making mistakes.
116
771040
8080
讀單字的發音。那會讓您避免
訓練出壞習慣以及出錯。
13:00
Learning IPA for the first time can take a
couple of hours, but it’s worth the time.
117
780400
5840
首次學習IPA會花幾個小時,
但是是值得的。
13:06
Get into these habits, and your
pronunciation will be clearer
118
786240
4000
養成這些習慣,您的發音會更清晰
13:10
and more accurate, and it doesn’t
need much effort from you.
119
790240
4080
並更準確,那不需要您努力太多。
13:15
Do you have any other tips for using IPA
to improve your English pronunciation?
120
795760
5040
您有任何其他的訣竅來用IPA去
讓您的英文發音更好嗎?
13:21
Please let us know in the comments!
121
801680
2240
請在留言板裡讓我們知道!
13:25
Thanks for watching!
122
805040
880
感謝觀看!
13:26
See you next time!
123
806480
7360
下次見!
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
關於本網站
本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。