Talk About Food and Cooking in English - Spoken English Lesson

英语口语 - 谈论食物和烹饪

1,079,077 views ・ 2020-06-20

Oxford Online English


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00:01
Hi, I’m Oli.
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嗨,我是Oli。
00:02
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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欢迎来到Oxford Online English!
00:04
In this lesson, you can learn how to talk about food.
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在本节课里,您可以学到怎样谈论食物,
00:08
You’ll see how to talk about different cuisines, talk about food you like – or dislike – and
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您会了解怎样谈不同的菜系, 谈您喜欢 – 或不喜欢的食物 – 以及
00:13
talk about cooking and eating habits.
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谈论烹饪和饮食习惯。
00:16
To see more free English lessons, visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
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要看更多的免费英语课程,请访问我们的网址: Oxford Online English dot com.
00:21
You can also book English classes with our fully-qualified teachers, who can help you
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您也可以向我们的老师 预定英语课,他们能在
00:26
with your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.
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英语口语、写作、雅思准备,或是 任何需要的地方帮助您。
00:32
Don’t forget to turn on the subtitles for this video if you need them!
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如果您需要,不要忘记打开这个视频的字幕。
00:36
All our videos have English subtitles.
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我们所有的视频都有英语和中文字幕。
00:39
You can turn them on now: just click the ‘CC’ button in the bottom right of the video player.
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您现在可以打开他们:就按一下视频 播放器底部右侧的“CC”键。
00:45
On a smartphone, tap the settings icon to turn on subtitles.
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在智能手机上,敲击设定图标 打开字幕。
00:52
What kind of food do you like?
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您喜欢哪种类型的食物?
00:54
I like a bit of everything, really.
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每样东西我都喜欢一点,真的。
00:55
I grew up in the UK, and you can get food from all over the world there.
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我在英国长大,在那您可以吃到 世界上所有类型的食物。
00:59
My mum’s cooking is a combination of different cuisines: a bit of French, a bit of Italian,
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我的妈妈煮的是不同菜的大杂烩: 一点法式的,一点意式的,
01:03
a bit of Indian, and so on.
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一点印度式的,类似这样。
01:06
What’s British cuisine like?
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英国菜像是什么?
01:07
I know about fish and chips, but there must be more…
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我知道鱼和薯条,但是肯定有更多…
01:10
There is, but not that much.
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有,但不是那么多。
01:12
There are a few famous dishes like shepherd’s pie or Sunday roast, but most people eat a
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有几种著名的菜,像是谢菲尔德的派 或周日烤肉,但大多数人吃
01:17
mix of things.
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混合的东西。
01:18
What about you?
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那您呢?
01:19
What food do you like?
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您喜欢什么食物?
01:21
I’m half Spanish, so when I was young we ate a lot of Mediterranean food at home.
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我是半个西班牙人,所以在我小时候, 我们在家吃很多地中海菜。
01:25
Now, I live in Berlin, and it’s a pretty cosmopolitan place, so you can get all kinds
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现在,我住在柏林,那是一个大都会, 所以您可以吃到所有类型的
01:30
of food, like the UK, I suppose.
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食物,像是英国的,我猜。
01:32
I’ve never really had much Spanish food.
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我从没真正地吃过很多西班牙菜。
01:35
Is it similar to Italian?
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那有点类似意大利菜吗?
01:37
In some ways, yes.
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在某些方面来说,是的。
01:39
They both use a lot of fresh ingredients, and there’s a lot of seafood, salads, and
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两种菜都用大量的新鲜调味料, 有太多的海鲜、生菜沙拉和
01:43
so on.
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类似这样的。
01:44
Pasta isn’t so common in Spanish cooking, though.
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在西班牙菜中,面食不是很常见的。
01:47
What are some typical Spanish dishes?
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典型的西班牙菜有哪些?
01:49
I’d be interested to try some.
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我肯定有兴趣去尝一些。
01:51
I guess paella is quite well-known.
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我想西班牙海鲜饭是十分有名的。
01:53
My personal favourite is a dish called albondigas, which is meatballs in a tomato sauce.
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我的个人喜好是一道叫做albondigas的菜, 那是一种蘸番茄酱的肉球。
01:58
It’s simple, but so tasty.
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做法很简单,但是很好吃。
02:00
Sounds good!
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听上去不错!
02:02
Here’s a question: do you know the difference between the words ‘cuisine’, ‘dish’
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这有一个问题:您知道单词“cuisine”、 “dish”和“meal”
02:07
and ‘meal’?
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之间的区别吗?
02:09
‘Cuisine’ means the kind of food you find in a specific country or culture.
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“Cuisine”意思是您在一个特定国家或 特定文化中看到的食物种类。
02:14
For example, you have Chinese cuisine, French cuisine, local cuisine, and so on.
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例如,您吃中国菜、法国菜、 当地菜,以及诸如此类的菜。
02:21
‘Cuisine’ means something like ‘cooking style’.
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“Cuisine”意味着某些像是“cooking style” 的东西。
02:25
You can use the word ‘food’ or ‘cooking’ in the same way.
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您能用同一种方法来使用单词“food”或”cooking“。
02:29
So, you can say ‘Chinese cuisine’, ‘Chinese cooking’ or ‘Chinese food’.
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所以,您能说”Chinese cuisine”、“Chinese cooking”或“Chinese food”。
02:34
The meaning is very close.
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含义是非常接近的。
02:36
A ‘dish’ means something which is cooked or prepared.
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一道“dish”意味着某些煮的或准备的食物。
02:40
Usually, a dish is made from different kinds of food.
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通常,一道菜由很多种不同的食物做成的。
02:43
A ‘meal’ is food eaten at a specific time.
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一个“meal”是在一个特定时刻吃的食物。
02:48
Most people eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner.
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大多数人一日吃三餐:早餐、 午餐和晚餐。
02:52
We often hear English learners make mistakes with these three words, so be careful with
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我们经常听到英语学习者在 这三个单词上犯错,所以使用
02:57
them!
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他们时要留意。
02:58
In the dialogue, you heard how to talk about different cuisines and dishes which you like.
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在对话里,您听到怎样谈论您喜欢的 不同菜式和菜。
03:04
Look at some questions you heard.
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看看您听到的一些问题。
03:07
Think about how you could answer these.
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考虑下您可以怎样回答。
03:10
When you answer these questions, try to be detailed.
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当您回答这些问题时, 试着有更多的细节。
03:14
For example, don’t just say ‘Vietnamese food is delicious.’
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例如,不要只说“Vietnamese food is delicious.”
03:18
Give some more details!
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给出更多的细节。
03:20
Say what kind of dishes are the best, or try to explain why you like it.
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说哪些菜是最好的,或者 试着解释为什么您喜欢它们。
03:26
For example, you could say ‘Vietnamese food is delicious, because it uses fresh ingredients
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例如,您可以说“Vietnamese food is delicious, because it uses fresh ingredients
03:31
and it’s a little bit spicy, which I like.’
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and it’s a little bit spicy, which I like.”
03:36
OK?
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行吗?
03:37
Pause the video and try to answer the questions now.
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现在,暂停视屏并试着回答问题。
03:43
Could you do it?
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您可以做吗?
03:44
If not, go back and listen to the dialogue again.
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如果不行,回头再听一下对话。
03:47
Next, let’s look at how to talk about food you like – or don’t!
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接下来,我们看看怎样谈论您喜欢— 或不喜欢的食物!
03:55
So, what do you think?
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那么,您觉得怎样?
03:57
Oh no!
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哦,不要!
03:58
This is terrible!
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这很恐怖!
03:59
Really?
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真的吗?
04:00
First, you haven’t cooked the meat long enough.
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首先,您煮菜的时间不够长。
04:03
It’s tough and really chewy.
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难吃,而且真的难嚼得动。
04:05
You need to keep cooking it until it’s tender.
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您要一直煮它,煮到软为止。
04:07
I cooked it for two hours, just like you said!
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我煮了两个小时,就像您说的!
04:11
Yes, but you also have to check that it’s done!
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是的,但是您也必须要去 查看一下它软了吗!
04:14
Also, these vegetables are awful.
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蔬菜也是煮得很糟糕。
04:16
They’re mushy because you’ve overcooked them.
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他们都煮烂了因为您煮得太久了。
04:19
They should be fresh and crunchy.
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他们必须是新鲜和脆的。
04:21
Right…
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对哦…
04:23
What about the sauce?
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那酱汁呢?
04:24
It’s not bad, but it’s a little bland.
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还不错,但有一点淡。
04:27
A dish like this should be rich, spicy and a little sour.
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像这样的一道菜味道必须是丰富、 辣和有一点咸的。
04:30
While you’re cooking, don’t forget to taste it, and add more spices, or more vinegar,
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您煮菜的同时,不要忘记去尝一下, 加点辣或加点醋,
04:35
or whatever it needs.
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或任何需要的。
04:36
Hmm…
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嗯…
04:37
OK…
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好的…
04:38
I’m a little scared to show you my dessert, now.
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现在我有点害怕给您看我的甜点了。
04:41
Ahh, wow!
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啊,喔!
04:42
This is amazing!
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这是不可思议!
04:43
Oh?
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哦?
04:44
You mean it?
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您的意思是?
04:46
Yes!
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是的!
04:47
It’s a perfect tart.
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那是一个完美的果馅饼。
04:48
It’s crumbly, but not dry, which is a difficult balance to get right.
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易碎但不干,那是很难去衡量 得到的正确感觉。
04:52
The fruit gives it a nice, tangy flavour.
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水果给了它一个美味、浓郁的口感。
04:55
Very tasty!
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很好吃!
04:56
Thank you!
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感谢您!
04:57
To describe something you ate, you could start with the flavour.
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要描述您吃的某些东西, 您可以从口味开始。
05:01
For example, you can use words like ‘spicy’, ‘sour’, ‘sweet’, ‘bitter’, or
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例如,您可以用单词“spicy”、 “sour”、“sweet”、“bitter”或
05:07
‘rich’.
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“rich”。
05:08
‘Rich’ can be used to describe heavier foods.
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“Rich”可以用来描述口味重的食物。
05:12
You also heard ‘bland’ in the dialogue.
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您也在对话里听到了“bland”这个单词。
05:15
‘Bland’ describes something which has little or no flavour.
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“Bland”描述有一点味道或没味道的某些东西。
05:19
Then, you could also describe the texture.
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然后,您也可以描述菜的观感。
05:23
In the dialogue, you heard the word ‘mushy’.
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在对话里,您听到单词“mushy”。
05:26
Do you know what this means?
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您知道这事什么意思吗?
05:29
‘Mushy’ means that something is soft, but in an unpleasant way.
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“Mushy”意思是某些东西是软的, 但是是在一个让人不满意的方式。
05:34
If you cook vegetables too long, they’ll get mushy.
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如果您煮蔬菜太久, 他们会被煮烂。
05:37
In the dialogue, you also heard ‘tough’, ‘chewy’, ‘tender’, ‘crunchy’ and
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在对话里,您也听到了“tough”, “chewy”、“tender”、“crunchy”和
05:42
‘crumbly’.
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“crumbly”。
05:43
Can you think of foods which these words could describe?
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您觉得这些单词可以描述食物吗?
05:48
‘Tough’ and ‘chewy’ are similar.
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“Tough”和“chewy”是相似的。
05:50
Both describe foods which are difficult to eat because you have to chew them for a long
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二者都描述食物很难吃, 因为您必须要咀嚼
05:55
time.
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他们太久。
05:56
Meat can be tough or chewy, especially if it’s cooked too long and it gets dry.
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肉可以是硬的或要嚼很久的,特别是 特别是它煮太久了变干了。
06:01
‘Tender’ means something like ‘soft’, but it’s mostly used to describe meat which
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“Tender”意思是某些像是“soft”的东西, 但大多用于描述
06:07
is cooked well, so it’s soft and juicy.
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煮得刚好,柔软多汁的肉。
06:11
Crunchy foods make a lot of noise when you’re eating them.
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当您吃松脆的食物时会发出很多噪音。
06:14
Dry food – like potato chips, or hard cookies – can be crunchy.
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干的食物 – 像是炸马铃薯条,或是硬曲奇饼 – 可以是松脆的。
06:19
Crumbly food is soft and easily breaks into pieces.
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松脆的食物是软而易碎成小块的。
06:24
‘Crumbly’ can be good or bad – for a cake, it might be a good thing, but crumbly
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“Crumbly”可以是好或糟糕的 – 对一个蛋糕, 可能是好事情,但是松脆的
06:30
bread might be a bad thing, because it will fall apart when you try to do anything with
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面包也许是一个糟糕的事情,因为 当您试着去做任何事情时,
06:34
it.
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它会碎开。
06:35
If you like the taste of something, you can use general adjectives like ‘great’, ‘amazing’
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如果您喜欢某些东西的口味,您可以 用一般的形容词像是“great”、“amazing”
06:41
or ‘fantastic’.
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或是“fantastic”。
06:42
You can also use ‘tasty’ or ‘delicious’.
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您也可以使用“tasty”或“delicious”。
06:45
Be careful: ‘delicious’ is a strong adjective.
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小心:“delicious”是一个很强意识的形容词。
06:49
That means you can’t say ‘very delicious’; if you want to add emphasis, say ‘really
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那意味着您不能说“very delicious”; 如果您想强调,说“really
06:55
delicious’ or ‘absolutely delicious’.
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delicious”或“absolutely delicious”。
06:58
To talk about food you don’t like, use general adjectives like ‘awful’, ‘terrible’
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要谈论您不喜欢的食物,一般 形容词像是“awful”、“terrible”
07:03
or ‘disgusting’.
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或“disgusting”。
07:05
Now, a challenge for you: think about the last thing you ate.
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现在,您有一个挑战:考虑您吃的 最后一样东西。
07:12
Could you describe it?
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您能描述它吗?
07:14
Talk about the flavour, the texture, and whether you liked it or not.
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谈论口感、质感以及您是否喜欢 或不喜欢。
07:19
For a bonus, try to explain why you did or didn’t like it!
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作为一个奖励,试着解释为什么 您喜欢或不喜欢它!
07:23
For example: ‘The last thing I ate was a lentil soup.
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例如:”The last thing I ate was a lentil soup.
07:28
It was quite spicy, but a little bit mushy, because I overcooked the lentils.
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It was quite spicy, but a little bit mushy, because I overcooked the lentils.
07:33
I didn’t like it so much, because it was a little bland.
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I didn’t like it so much, because it was a little bland.
07:37
Lentils don’t have much flavour.’
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Lentils don’t have much flavour.“
07:41
Now it’s your turn.
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现在轮到您了。
07:42
Pause the video and make your answer.
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暂停视屏以及做您的答案。
07:47
Next, let’s see how you can talk about cooking habits.
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接下来,我们看看您怎么谈论煮菜习惯。
07:54
Do you cook much?
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您常煮菜吗?
07:55
Sometimes.
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有时会。
07:56
I cook maybe twice a week, but I’m too busy to do more than that.
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我也许一周煮两次,但我有 很多其他的事要忙。
08:00
What do you do the rest of the time?
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那您其他时间做什么?
08:01
For lunch, I eat in the canteen at work.
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上班时,我在餐厅吃午餐。
08:04
In the evening, I generally get something from the supermarket, or get a takeaway.
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晚餐,我一般从超市或外卖店买吃的。
08:08
I don’t like it, because I know it’s more expensive and less healthy than cooking for
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我不喜欢这样,因为我知道很贵, 比自己煮要不健康
08:12
myself, but I just don’t have the time.
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但是,我就是没时间做。
08:16
What about you?
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那您呢?
08:17
I make most of my meals.
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我大部分都自己煮。
08:19
I don’t cook every day, though.
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我不是每天都做饭。
08:21
I normally do a lot of cooking on Sunday, and then I have food for the week.
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我一般在周日煮很多, 然后我在下周就有吃的了。
08:26
I take a packed lunch to work, and then eat leftovers in the evening.
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我打包午餐去上班,然后在晚餐吃剩菜。
08:29
That’s a good system!
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那样很好。
08:31
I wish I could be so organised…
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我希望我可以是井井有条的…
08:32
It helps that I have a market very close to my house.
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有一个市场离我家很近,这帮了我。
08:35
They have great fresh produce, fish, meat… everything you need.
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他们有很棒的新鲜产品、鱼、肉… 所有您需要的的东西。
08:41
That means I don’t need to spend much time shopping.
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那意味着我不需要花太多时间购物。
08:43
Plus, I prefer eating home-cooked, fresh food.
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加上我喜欢家里煮的新鲜食物。
08:47
If I don’t have food with me, I end up eating greasy fast food, and then I feel bloated
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如果我没有带食物,我吃完 油腻的速食,我会感到浑身肿胀
08:53
and gross.
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和过胖。
08:54
Yeah, I’m the same way…
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是的,我也一样…
08:56
Maybe I’ll start cooking more.
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也许我要开始多煮菜。
08:58
Think about the first question you heard in the dialogue: ‘Do you cook much?’
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谈论您在对话里听到的第一个问题: 您常煮菜吗?
09:03
How would you answer this?
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您怎样回答这个?
09:06
You could say something like: ‘I cook every day.’
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您可以说像是这样的: ”我每天都煮。“
09:11
‘I don’t cook much – maybe once or twice a week.’
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”我不常煮 – 也许一周一次或两次。“
09:16
‘I don’t cook.
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”我不煮。
09:17
I’ve never learned how!’
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我从未学过怎样煮!“
09:20
If you don’t cook, what can you do for food?
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如果您不煮,食物方面您可以做些什么吗?
09:23
You heard some phrases in the dialogue.
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您在对话里听到一些短语。
09:26
Do you remember?
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您记得吗?
09:29
Look at some sentences that you heard.
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看下您听到的句子。
09:33
Imagine you’re an English teacher, and you want to explain the meanings of the words
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想像您是一个英语老师, 您想解释红色单词
09:38
in red.
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的意思。
09:40
How would you do it?
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您要怎么做?
09:43
A canteen is a bit like a restaurant, but it’s run by a company for its staff, or
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一个餐厅像是一个小一点的餐馆, 但那是由一家公司为它的员工运营的,或者
09:49
by a university for its students.
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由大学为它的学生运营。
09:52
Canteens are usually cheap, or the food might even be free.
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餐厅通常是比较便宜的, 甚至食物也许是免费的。
09:58
A takeaway means you buy or order the food from a restaurant, and then eat it somewhere
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一个外卖店意思是您从一个餐馆买 或预定食物,然后在其他地方吃,
10:03
else, usually at home.
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通常是在家里吃。
10:07
A packed lunch means you take food from home and eat it at work or school.
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打包午餐意思是您从家里带食物, 然后在上班时吃或在学校吃。
10:14
If you cook more than you can eat, the extra food is called ‘leftovers’.
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如果您煮的比您能吃的多, 多余的食物被称为“leftovers”。
10:19
You can eat the leftovers on another day.
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您可以在其他天吃剩菜。
10:23
What about you?
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您呢?
10:24
Do you cook much?
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您常煮菜吗?
10:26
If not, what do you do for food?
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如果您不煮,食物方面您可以做些什么吗?
10:28
Pause the video now, and try to make a few sentences to describe your cooking and eating
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现在暂停视屏,试着造几个句子 描述您煮的和吃的
10:33
habits.
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习惯。
10:35
Done?
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做好了吗?
10:36
Great!
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很好!
10:37
Let’s look at our last point.
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我们看看我们的最后一点。
10:42
So, what do we do first?
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这样,我们首先做什么?
10:44
First, we need to fry the aubergine and the potato.
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首先,我们需要炸茄子和马铃薯。
10:47
While you do that, I’ll prepare the meat.
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您做那些的时候,我会准备肉。
10:49
How are you going to do it?
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您怎样去做那些?
10:51
It’s easy: you sauté onion and garlic, then add the meat to brown it.
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那很容易:您炒香洋葱和蒜, 然后加肉到里面煮成褐色。
10:56
Then you add the tomatoes and simmer it for fifteen minutes or so until the sauce thickens.
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然后您加马铃薯炖15分钟 或者直到酱汁变稠。
11:02
OK, what now?
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好的,现在到什么了?
11:03
Now we need to make the white sauce.
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现在您要做白酱。
11:06
You know how to make white sauce?
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您知道怎样做白酱吗?
11:07
I think so, though I’ve never tried it.
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我觉得是这样的,尽管我从未试过。
11:10
It’s butter, flour and milk, right?
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牛油、白面粉和牛奶,对吗?
11:12
Yes, but you need to be careful.
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是的,但是您要留意。
11:15
Add the milk very slowly, and stir the sauce continuously.
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很慢地加牛奶,持续地搅拌酱汁。
11:18
Otherwise, it can get lumpy.
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否则,它会变成块状的。
11:20
Should I use a low heat?
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我要用小火吗?
11:22
Yes, as low as possible.
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是的,尽可能的小。
11:25
So, is that it?
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那么,是这样吗?
11:27
Pretty much!
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差不多!
11:28
We just need to layer all the parts, sprinkle some grated cheese on top, and then bake it
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我们仅需要给所有部分分层,在上面 撒上磨碎的乳酪,然后烘烤
11:32
for half an hour.
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一个半小时。
11:33
What should I do, then?
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然后,我要做什么?
11:35
Get a baking dish.
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拿一个烤盘。
11:36
Put the potatoes in the bottom, then the aubergine, then the meat.
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放马铃薯在底部,然后茄子, 然后是肉。
11:40
Add another layer of aubergine on top, then pour in the white sauce.
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在上层再加一层茄子,然后 浇上白酱汁。
11:45
Is it ready?
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那就好了吗?
11:46
Yeah, I think so.
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是的,我觉得可以了。
11:47
It should be lightly brown on top.
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在顶部必须是稍微有点棕色。
11:49
Nice work – you made your first moussaka!
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做得好– 您做了您的第一道慕沙卡!
11:52
By the way, do you know what ‘moussaka’ is?
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此外,您知道“moussaka”是什么吗?
11:55
It’s a famous Greek dish.
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那是著名的希腊菜。
11:57
It’s easy to find recipes online if you want to try making it.
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如果您想试着做这个菜, 很容易在网上找到菜谱。
12:01
In the dialogue, you heard several different verbs related to food preparation.
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在对话中,您听到几个不同的 与食物准备有关的动词。
12:06
Do you remember any?
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您记得哪些?
12:09
Look at some pairs of words.
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看几对单词。
12:13
Could you explain the difference in meaning between these words pairs?
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您能解释这些单词意思上的区别吗?
12:17
Pause the video to think about it if you need time.
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如果您需要时间,暂停视屏, 考虑一下。
12:22
‘Sauté’ and ‘fry’ both mean to cook something in hot fat – usually hot oil.
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“Sauté”和“fry”两个的意思都是用热油脂来煮某些东西 – 通常是热油。
12:28
‘Sauté’ means that you cook something at high temperature for a short time.
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“Sauté”意味着您用高温快煮某些东西。
12:33
In everyday language, people mostly say ‘fry’, but if you’re reading a recipe or watching
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在每天都要讲的话里,人们最常说“fry”, 但是如果您看一个菜谱或看
12:38
cooking shows on TV, you might see ‘sauté’.
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电视烹饪节目,您可能会看到“sauté”。
12:43
‘Boil’ and ‘simmer’ both mean to heat a liquid until it bubbles; ‘simmer’ suggests
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“Boil”和“simmer”两个意思是加热一种液体 直到它沸腾;“simmer”则是
12:49
you keep the heat as low as possible.
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您用尽可能小的火持续加热。
12:52
‘Boil’ means you use a higher heat.
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“Boil”意思是您使用猛火。
12:56
‘Pour’ is only for liquids.
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“Pour”仅用于液体。
12:58
‘Sprinkle’ means to spread a small amount of something over something else.
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“Sprinkle”意思是撒少量的某些东西到 什么东西上面。
13:03
‘Sprinkle’ is mostly used for powders or things made of small particles, like salt,
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“Sprinkle” 最常用于粉状的或是 小颗粒制成的东西,像是盐、
13:08
herbs, grated cheese, and so on.
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草类的、磨碎的芝士,类似这样的。
13:12
Now, it’s your turn.
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现在,轮到您了。
13:14
Think about a dish you know how to make.
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想一个您知道怎样做的菜。
13:16
Your job is to give detailed instructions for how to make it.
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您的工作是给出怎样做的细节指引。
13:21
Imagine you’re teaching someone, and you want to describe every step of the process.
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想像一下您正在教某人, 您想描述流程的每一步。
13:27
Before you do this, you can watch the dialogue again.
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您做这个之前,您可以再看看对话。
13:30
There are many more words and phrases you can use to help you.
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您有太多的单词和短语可以用。
13:34
Pause the video, and say your answer out loud.
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暂停视屏,大声地说出您的回答。
13:37
Or, you can write your answer down and share your recipe with other students in the comments!
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或者,您在评论栏里写下您的菜谱, 和其他的同学们分享!
13:42
That’s all.
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本节课就到这。
13:43
Thanks for watching!
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感谢观看!
13:45
See you next time!
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下次见!
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