Talk About Food and Cooking in English - Spoken English Lesson

英语口语 - 谈论食物和烹饪

Hi, I’m Oli.

嗨，我是Oli。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn how to talk about food.

在本节课里，您可以学到怎样谈论食物，

You’ll see how to talk about different cuisines, talk about food you like – or dislike – and

您会了解怎样谈不同的菜系， 谈您喜欢 – 或不喜欢的食物 – 以及

talk about cooking and eating habits.

谈论烹饪和饮食习惯。

To see more free English lessons, visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

要看更多的免费英语课程，请访问我们的网址： Oxford Online English dot com.

You can also book English classes with our fully-qualified teachers, who can help you

您也可以向我们的老师 预定英语课，他们能在

with your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.

英语口语、写作、雅思准备，或是 任何需要的地方帮助您。

Don’t forget to turn on the subtitles for this video if you need them!

如果您需要，不要忘记打开这个视频的字幕。

All our videos have English subtitles.

我们所有的视频都有英语和中文字幕。

You can turn them on now: just click the ‘CC’ button in the bottom right of the video player.

您现在可以打开他们：就按一下视频 播放器底部右侧的“CC”键。

On a smartphone, tap the settings icon to turn on subtitles.

在智能手机上，敲击设定图标 打开字幕。

What kind of food do you like?

您喜欢哪种类型的食物？

I like a bit of everything, really.

每样东西我都喜欢一点，真的。

I grew up in the UK, and you can get food from all over the world there.

我在英国长大，在那您可以吃到 世界上所有类型的食物。

My mum’s cooking is a combination of different cuisines: a bit of French, a bit of Italian,

我的妈妈煮的是不同菜的大杂烩： 一点法式的，一点意式的，

a bit of Indian, and so on.

一点印度式的，类似这样。

What’s British cuisine like?

英国菜像是什么？

I know about fish and chips, but there must be more…

我知道鱼和薯条，但是肯定有更多…

There is, but not that much.

有，但不是那么多。

There are a few famous dishes like shepherd’s pie or Sunday roast, but most people eat a

有几种著名的菜，像是谢菲尔德的派 或周日烤肉，但大多数人吃

mix of things.

混合的东西。

What about you?

那您呢？

What food do you like?

您喜欢什么食物？

I’m half Spanish, so when I was young we ate a lot of Mediterranean food at home.

我是半个西班牙人，所以在我小时候， 我们在家吃很多地中海菜。

Now, I live in Berlin, and it’s a pretty cosmopolitan place, so you can get all kinds

现在，我住在柏林，那是一个大都会， 所以您可以吃到所有类型的

of food, like the UK, I suppose.

食物，像是英国的，我猜。

I’ve never really had much Spanish food.

我从没真正地吃过很多西班牙菜。

Is it similar to Italian?

那有点类似意大利菜吗？

In some ways, yes.

在某些方面来说，是的。

They both use a lot of fresh ingredients, and there’s a lot of seafood, salads, and

两种菜都用大量的新鲜调味料， 有太多的海鲜、生菜沙拉和

so on.

类似这样的。

Pasta isn’t so common in Spanish cooking, though.

在西班牙菜中，面食不是很常见的。

What are some typical Spanish dishes?

典型的西班牙菜有哪些？

I’d be interested to try some.

我肯定有兴趣去尝一些。

I guess paella is quite well-known.

我想西班牙海鲜饭是十分有名的。

My personal favourite is a dish called albondigas, which is meatballs in a tomato sauce.

我的个人喜好是一道叫做albondigas的菜， 那是一种蘸番茄酱的肉球。

It’s simple, but so tasty.

做法很简单，但是很好吃。

Sounds good!

听上去不错！

Here’s a question: do you know the difference between the words ‘cuisine’, ‘dish’

这有一个问题：您知道单词“cuisine”、 “dish”和“meal”

and ‘meal’?

之间的区别吗？

‘Cuisine’ means the kind of food you find in a specific country or culture.

“Cuisine”意思是您在一个特定国家或 特定文化中看到的食物种类。

For example, you have Chinese cuisine, French cuisine, local cuisine, and so on.

例如，您吃中国菜、法国菜、 当地菜，以及诸如此类的菜。

‘Cuisine’ means something like ‘cooking style’.

“Cuisine”意味着某些像是“cooking style” 的东西。

You can use the word ‘food’ or ‘cooking’ in the same way.

您能用同一种方法来使用单词“food”或”cooking“。

So, you can say ‘Chinese cuisine’, ‘Chinese cooking’ or ‘Chinese food’.

所以，您能说”Chinese cuisine”、“Chinese cooking”或“Chinese food”。

The meaning is very close.

含义是非常接近的。

A ‘dish’ means something which is cooked or prepared.

一道“dish”意味着某些煮的或准备的食物。

Usually, a dish is made from different kinds of food.

通常，一道菜由很多种不同的食物做成的。

A ‘meal’ is food eaten at a specific time.

一个“meal”是在一个特定时刻吃的食物。

Most people eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner.

大多数人一日吃三餐：早餐、 午餐和晚餐。

We often hear English learners make mistakes with these three words, so be careful with

我们经常听到英语学习者在 这三个单词上犯错，所以使用

them!

他们时要留意。

In the dialogue, you heard how to talk about different cuisines and dishes which you like.

在对话里，您听到怎样谈论您喜欢的 不同菜式和菜。

Look at some questions you heard.

看看您听到的一些问题。

Think about how you could answer these.

考虑下您可以怎样回答。

When you answer these questions, try to be detailed.

当您回答这些问题时， 试着有更多的细节。

For example, don’t just say ‘Vietnamese food is delicious.’

例如，不要只说“Vietnamese food is delicious.”

Give some more details!

给出更多的细节。

Say what kind of dishes are the best, or try to explain why you like it.

说哪些菜是最好的，或者 试着解释为什么您喜欢它们。

For example, you could say ‘Vietnamese food is delicious, because it uses fresh ingredients

例如，您可以说“Vietnamese food is delicious, because it uses fresh ingredients

and it’s a little bit spicy, which I like.’

and it’s a little bit spicy, which I like.”

OK?

行吗？

Pause the video and try to answer the questions now.

现在，暂停视屏并试着回答问题。

Could you do it?

您可以做吗？

If not, go back and listen to the dialogue again.

如果不行，回头再听一下对话。

Next, let’s look at how to talk about food you like – or don’t!

接下来，我们看看怎样谈论您喜欢— 或不喜欢的食物！

So, what do you think?

那么，您觉得怎样？

Oh no!

哦，不要！

This is terrible!

这很恐怖！

Really?

真的吗？

First, you haven’t cooked the meat long enough.

首先，您煮菜的时间不够长。

It’s tough and really chewy.

难吃，而且真的难嚼得动。

You need to keep cooking it until it’s tender.

您要一直煮它，煮到软为止。

I cooked it for two hours, just like you said!

我煮了两个小时，就像您说的！

Yes, but you also have to check that it’s done!

是的，但是您也必须要去 查看一下它软了吗！

Also, these vegetables are awful.

蔬菜也是煮得很糟糕。

They’re mushy because you’ve overcooked them.

他们都煮烂了因为您煮得太久了。

They should be fresh and crunchy.

他们必须是新鲜和脆的。

Right…

对哦…

What about the sauce?

那酱汁呢？

It’s not bad, but it’s a little bland.

还不错，但有一点淡。

A dish like this should be rich, spicy and a little sour.

像这样的一道菜味道必须是丰富、 辣和有一点咸的。

While you’re cooking, don’t forget to taste it, and add more spices, or more vinegar,

您煮菜的同时，不要忘记去尝一下， 加点辣或加点醋，

or whatever it needs.

或任何需要的。

Hmm…

嗯…

OK…

好的…

I’m a little scared to show you my dessert, now.

现在我有点害怕给您看我的甜点了。

Ahh, wow!

啊，喔！

This is amazing!

这是不可思议！

Oh?

哦？

You mean it?

您的意思是？

Yes!

是的！

It’s a perfect tart.

那是一个完美的果馅饼。

It’s crumbly, but not dry, which is a difficult balance to get right.

易碎但不干，那是很难去衡量 得到的正确感觉。

The fruit gives it a nice, tangy flavour.

水果给了它一个美味、浓郁的口感。

Very tasty!

很好吃！

Thank you!

感谢您！

To describe something you ate, you could start with the flavour.

要描述您吃的某些东西， 您可以从口味开始。

For example, you can use words like ‘spicy’, ‘sour’, ‘sweet’, ‘bitter’, or

例如，您可以用单词“spicy”、 “sour”、“sweet”、“bitter”或

‘rich’.

“rich”。

‘Rich’ can be used to describe heavier foods.

“Rich”可以用来描述口味重的食物。

You also heard ‘bland’ in the dialogue.

您也在对话里听到了“bland”这个单词。

‘Bland’ describes something which has little or no flavour.

“Bland”描述有一点味道或没味道的某些东西。

Then, you could also describe the texture.

然后，您也可以描述菜的观感。

In the dialogue, you heard the word ‘mushy’.

在对话里，您听到单词“mushy”。

Do you know what this means?

您知道这事什么意思吗？

‘Mushy’ means that something is soft, but in an unpleasant way.

“Mushy”意思是某些东西是软的， 但是是在一个让人不满意的方式。

If you cook vegetables too long, they’ll get mushy.

如果您煮蔬菜太久， 他们会被煮烂。

In the dialogue, you also heard ‘tough’, ‘chewy’, ‘tender’, ‘crunchy’ and

在对话里，您也听到了“tough”， “chewy”、“tender”、“crunchy”和

‘crumbly’.

“crumbly”。

Can you think of foods which these words could describe?

您觉得这些单词可以描述食物吗？

‘Tough’ and ‘chewy’ are similar.

“Tough”和“chewy”是相似的。

Both describe foods which are difficult to eat because you have to chew them for a long

二者都描述食物很难吃， 因为您必须要咀嚼

time.

他们太久。

Meat can be tough or chewy, especially if it’s cooked too long and it gets dry.

肉可以是硬的或要嚼很久的，特别是 特别是它煮太久了变干了。

‘Tender’ means something like ‘soft’, but it’s mostly used to describe meat which

“Tender”意思是某些像是“soft”的东西， 但大多用于描述

is cooked well, so it’s soft and juicy.

煮得刚好，柔软多汁的肉。

Crunchy foods make a lot of noise when you’re eating them.

当您吃松脆的食物时会发出很多噪音。

Dry food – like potato chips, or hard cookies – can be crunchy.

干的食物 – 像是炸马铃薯条，或是硬曲奇饼 – 可以是松脆的。

Crumbly food is soft and easily breaks into pieces.

松脆的食物是软而易碎成小块的。

‘Crumbly’ can be good or bad – for a cake, it might be a good thing, but crumbly

“Crumbly”可以是好或糟糕的 – 对一个蛋糕， 可能是好事情，但是松脆的

bread might be a bad thing, because it will fall apart when you try to do anything with

面包也许是一个糟糕的事情，因为 当您试着去做任何事情时，

it.

它会碎开。

If you like the taste of something, you can use general adjectives like ‘great’, ‘amazing’

如果您喜欢某些东西的口味，您可以 用一般的形容词像是“great”、“amazing”

or ‘fantastic’.

或是“fantastic”。

You can also use ‘tasty’ or ‘delicious’.

您也可以使用“tasty”或“delicious”。

Be careful: ‘delicious’ is a strong adjective.

小心：“delicious”是一个很强意识的形容词。

That means you can’t say ‘very delicious’; if you want to add emphasis, say ‘really

那意味着您不能说“very delicious”； 如果您想强调，说“really

delicious’ or ‘absolutely delicious’.

delicious”或“absolutely delicious”。

To talk about food you don’t like, use general adjectives like ‘awful’, ‘terrible’

要谈论您不喜欢的食物，一般 形容词像是“awful”、“terrible”

or ‘disgusting’.

或“disgusting”。

Now, a challenge for you: think about the last thing you ate.

现在，您有一个挑战：考虑您吃的 最后一样东西。

Could you describe it?

您能描述它吗？

Talk about the flavour, the texture, and whether you liked it or not.

谈论口感、质感以及您是否喜欢 或不喜欢。

For a bonus, try to explain why you did or didn’t like it!

作为一个奖励，试着解释为什么 您喜欢或不喜欢它！

For example: ‘The last thing I ate was a lentil soup.

例如：”The last thing I ate was a lentil soup.

It was quite spicy, but a little bit mushy, because I overcooked the lentils.

It was quite spicy, but a little bit mushy, because I overcooked the lentils.

I didn’t like it so much, because it was a little bland.

I didn’t like it so much, because it was a little bland.

Lentils don’t have much flavour.’

Lentils don’t have much flavour.“

Now it’s your turn.

现在轮到您了。

Pause the video and make your answer.

暂停视屏以及做您的答案。

Next, let’s see how you can talk about cooking habits.

接下来，我们看看您怎么谈论煮菜习惯。

Do you cook much?

您常煮菜吗？

Sometimes.

有时会。

I cook maybe twice a week, but I’m too busy to do more than that.

我也许一周煮两次，但我有 很多其他的事要忙。

What do you do the rest of the time?

那您其他时间做什么？

For lunch, I eat in the canteen at work.

上班时，我在餐厅吃午餐。

In the evening, I generally get something from the supermarket, or get a takeaway.

晚餐，我一般从超市或外卖店买吃的。

I don’t like it, because I know it’s more expensive and less healthy than cooking for

我不喜欢这样，因为我知道很贵， 比自己煮要不健康

myself, but I just don’t have the time.

但是，我就是没时间做。

What about you?

那您呢？

I make most of my meals.

我大部分都自己煮。

I don’t cook every day, though.

我不是每天都做饭。

I normally do a lot of cooking on Sunday, and then I have food for the week.

我一般在周日煮很多， 然后我在下周就有吃的了。

I take a packed lunch to work, and then eat leftovers in the evening.

我打包午餐去上班，然后在晚餐吃剩菜。

That’s a good system!

那样很好。

I wish I could be so organised…

我希望我可以是井井有条的…

It helps that I have a market very close to my house.

有一个市场离我家很近，这帮了我。

They have great fresh produce, fish, meat… everything you need.

他们有很棒的新鲜产品、鱼、肉… 所有您需要的的东西。

That means I don’t need to spend much time shopping.

那意味着我不需要花太多时间购物。

Plus, I prefer eating home-cooked, fresh food.

加上我喜欢家里煮的新鲜食物。

If I don’t have food with me, I end up eating greasy fast food, and then I feel bloated

如果我没有带食物，我吃完 油腻的速食，我会感到浑身肿胀

and gross.

和过胖。

Yeah, I’m the same way…

是的，我也一样…

Maybe I’ll start cooking more.

也许我要开始多煮菜。

Think about the first question you heard in the dialogue: ‘Do you cook much?’

谈论您在对话里听到的第一个问题： 您常煮菜吗？

How would you answer this?

您怎样回答这个？

You could say something like: ‘I cook every day.’

您可以说像是这样的： ”我每天都煮。“

‘I don’t cook much – maybe once or twice a week.’

”我不常煮 – 也许一周一次或两次。“

‘I don’t cook.

”我不煮。

I’ve never learned how!’

我从未学过怎样煮！“

If you don’t cook, what can you do for food?

如果您不煮，食物方面您可以做些什么吗？

You heard some phrases in the dialogue.

您在对话里听到一些短语。

Do you remember?

您记得吗？

Look at some sentences that you heard.

看下您听到的句子。

Imagine you’re an English teacher, and you want to explain the meanings of the words

想像您是一个英语老师， 您想解释红色单词

in red.

的意思。

How would you do it?

您要怎么做？

A canteen is a bit like a restaurant, but it’s run by a company for its staff, or

一个餐厅像是一个小一点的餐馆， 但那是由一家公司为它的员工运营的，或者

by a university for its students.

由大学为它的学生运营。

Canteens are usually cheap, or the food might even be free.

餐厅通常是比较便宜的， 甚至食物也许是免费的。

A takeaway means you buy or order the food from a restaurant, and then eat it somewhere

一个外卖店意思是您从一个餐馆买 或预定食物，然后在其他地方吃，

else, usually at home.

通常是在家里吃。

A packed lunch means you take food from home and eat it at work or school.

打包午餐意思是您从家里带食物， 然后在上班时吃或在学校吃。

If you cook more than you can eat, the extra food is called ‘leftovers’.

如果您煮的比您能吃的多， 多余的食物被称为“leftovers”。

You can eat the leftovers on another day.

您可以在其他天吃剩菜。

What about you?

您呢？

Do you cook much?

您常煮菜吗？

If not, what do you do for food?

如果您不煮，食物方面您可以做些什么吗？

Pause the video now, and try to make a few sentences to describe your cooking and eating

现在暂停视屏，试着造几个句子 描述您煮的和吃的

habits.

习惯。

Done?

做好了吗？

Great!

很好！

Let’s look at our last point.

我们看看我们的最后一点。

So, what do we do first?

这样，我们首先做什么？

First, we need to fry the aubergine and the potato.

首先，我们需要炸茄子和马铃薯。

While you do that, I’ll prepare the meat.

您做那些的时候，我会准备肉。

How are you going to do it?

您怎样去做那些？

It’s easy: you sauté onion and garlic, then add the meat to brown it.

那很容易：您炒香洋葱和蒜， 然后加肉到里面煮成褐色。

Then you add the tomatoes and simmer it for fifteen minutes or so until the sauce thickens.

然后您加马铃薯炖15分钟 或者直到酱汁变稠。

OK, what now?

好的，现在到什么了？

Now we need to make the white sauce.

现在您要做白酱。

You know how to make white sauce?

您知道怎样做白酱吗？

I think so, though I’ve never tried it.

我觉得是这样的，尽管我从未试过。

It’s butter, flour and milk, right?

牛油、白面粉和牛奶，对吗？

Yes, but you need to be careful.

是的，但是您要留意。

Add the milk very slowly, and stir the sauce continuously.

很慢地加牛奶，持续地搅拌酱汁。

Otherwise, it can get lumpy.

否则，它会变成块状的。

Should I use a low heat?

我要用小火吗？

Yes, as low as possible.

是的，尽可能的小。

So, is that it?

那么，是这样吗？

Pretty much!

差不多！

We just need to layer all the parts, sprinkle some grated cheese on top, and then bake it

我们仅需要给所有部分分层，在上面 撒上磨碎的乳酪，然后烘烤

for half an hour.

一个半小时。

What should I do, then?

然后，我要做什么？

Get a baking dish.

拿一个烤盘。

Put the potatoes in the bottom, then the aubergine, then the meat.

放马铃薯在底部，然后茄子， 然后是肉。

Add another layer of aubergine on top, then pour in the white sauce.

在上层再加一层茄子，然后 浇上白酱汁。

Is it ready?

那就好了吗？

Yeah, I think so.

是的，我觉得可以了。

It should be lightly brown on top.

在顶部必须是稍微有点棕色。

Nice work – you made your first moussaka!

做得好– 您做了您的第一道慕沙卡！

By the way, do you know what ‘moussaka’ is?

此外，您知道“moussaka”是什么吗？

It’s a famous Greek dish.

那是著名的希腊菜。

It’s easy to find recipes online if you want to try making it.

如果您想试着做这个菜， 很容易在网上找到菜谱。

In the dialogue, you heard several different verbs related to food preparation.

在对话中，您听到几个不同的 与食物准备有关的动词。

Do you remember any?

您记得哪些？

Look at some pairs of words.

看几对单词。

Could you explain the difference in meaning between these words pairs?

您能解释这些单词意思上的区别吗？

Pause the video to think about it if you need time.

如果您需要时间，暂停视屏， 考虑一下。

‘Sauté’ and ‘fry’ both mean to cook something in hot fat – usually hot oil.

“Sauté”和“fry”两个的意思都是用热油脂来煮某些东西 – 通常是热油。

‘Sauté’ means that you cook something at high temperature for a short time.

“Sauté”意味着您用高温快煮某些东西。

In everyday language, people mostly say ‘fry’, but if you’re reading a recipe or watching

在每天都要讲的话里，人们最常说“fry”， 但是如果您看一个菜谱或看

cooking shows on TV, you might see ‘sauté’.

电视烹饪节目，您可能会看到“sauté”。

‘Boil’ and ‘simmer’ both mean to heat a liquid until it bubbles; ‘simmer’ suggests

“Boil”和“simmer”两个意思是加热一种液体 直到它沸腾；“simmer”则是

you keep the heat as low as possible.

您用尽可能小的火持续加热。

‘Boil’ means you use a higher heat.

“Boil”意思是您使用猛火。

‘Pour’ is only for liquids.

“Pour”仅用于液体。

‘Sprinkle’ means to spread a small amount of something over something else.

“Sprinkle”意思是撒少量的某些东西到 什么东西上面。

‘Sprinkle’ is mostly used for powders or things made of small particles, like salt,

“Sprinkle” 最常用于粉状的或是 小颗粒制成的东西，像是盐、

herbs, grated cheese, and so on.

草类的、磨碎的芝士，类似这样的。

Now, it’s your turn.

现在，轮到您了。

Think about a dish you know how to make.

想一个您知道怎样做的菜。

Your job is to give detailed instructions for how to make it.

您的工作是给出怎样做的细节指引。

Imagine you’re teaching someone, and you want to describe every step of the process.

想像一下您正在教某人， 您想描述流程的每一步。

Before you do this, you can watch the dialogue again.

您做这个之前，您可以再看看对话。

There are many more words and phrases you can use to help you.

您有太多的单词和短语可以用。

Pause the video, and say your answer out loud.

暂停视屏，大声地说出您的回答。

Or, you can write your answer down and share your recipe with other students in the comments!

或者，您在评论栏里写下您的菜谱， 和其他的同学们分享！

That’s all.

本节课就到这。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！