Improve Your Spoken English with Vague Language - English Speaking Lesson

英语口语 - 含糊语言

141,875 views ・ 2019-03-22

Oxford Online English


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00:01
Hi, I’m Martin.
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嗨,我是Martin。
00:03
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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欢迎来到Oxford Online English!
00:07
In this lesson, you can learn how to use vague language in English.
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在本节课里,您可以学到怎么 使用英文的含糊说法。
00:14
What’s vague language, and why do you need it?
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什么是含糊说法,为什么您需要它?
00:17
Here’s a question: do you ever feel like you can’t find the right word to express
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这有一个问题:您是否曾经感觉像 是您不能找到正确的
00:22
what you want to say?
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单词来表达您想要说的?
00:24
We’ve got good news!
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我们有个好消息!
00:27
You don’t always need to find exactly the right word.
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您不必总是要准确地 找正确的单词。
00:32
The word ‘vague’ means that something is not clear or detailed.
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单词“vague”意思是某些事是 不清晰的或不是细节的。
00:39
In spoken, informal English, fluent speakers often use vague language.
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在非正式英语口语里,流利的讲述者 通常使用含糊说法。
00:46
For example, if you ask me what I did yesterday, and I reply, “Just some stuff at home,”
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例如,如果您问我昨天我做了什么, 我回答,“Just some stuff at home,”
00:55
that is a vague answer.
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那就是一个含糊回答。
00:57
I’m not giving you details.
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我不给您细节。
01:01
Using vague language will make your English sound more natural.
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使用含糊说法会让您的 英语听上去更自然。
01:05
It will also make it easier to speak fluently, because you can communicate without needing
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它也会让说得流利更容易, 因为您无需使用精确的词汇
01:10
to use precise vocabulary.
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即可以沟通交流。
01:12
Don’t forget to check out our website to learn more about spoken English and how you
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要学更多关于英语口语以及您怎么 可以说英语说得更好,
01:16
can speak better English.
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不要忘记访问我们的网站。
01:18
Oxford Online English dot com.
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Oxford Online English dot com.
01:21
You can also improve your English in online classes with one of our professional teachers.
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您也可以与我们的一位专业老师 一起在网络课堂上提高英语。
01:26
But now, let’s look at how you can use vague language when you speak.
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但是现在,让我们看看您怎么 在您讲话时使用含糊说法。
01:34
So, what are your plans for tomorrow?
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那么,您明天的计划是什么?
01:36
First, I’m going into the city centre.
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首先,我会去市中心。
01:40
I need to buy a shirt and some toothpaste, then at 10.30 I’m meeting William Bukowski
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我要买一件衬衫和一些牙膏,然后 10:30在Gloucester广场的
01:47
for coffee at the café on Gloucester Square.
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咖啡店和William Bukowski 会面喝咖啡。
01:50
What about you?
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您呢?
01:52
I have to spend two hours working in the morning, then I’m meeting six old friends.
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早上我要工作两个小时, 然后我会和6个老朋友会面。
01:57
We’re going to go for a drink, then to an Italian restaurant where they serve 44 different
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我们会找地方喝一杯,然后去 一间提供44种不同
02:02
kinds of pizza.
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披萨的意大利餐厅。
02:04
Really?
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真的吗?
02:05
I love Italian food.
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我喜欢意大利食物。
02:06
I especially like caprese salad, spaghetti vongole, pizza romana, ravioli, tiramisu,
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我特别喜欢卡布里沙拉、蛤蜊面、罗马 披萨、意大利饺子、提拉米苏、
02:15
panna cotta…
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意式奶冻…
02:17
Did that sound like a natural conversation to you?
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对您来说,那听上去像 一个自然的对话吗?
02:21
Hopefully it didn't.
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希望它不是。
02:23
Why do you think that is?
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为什么您认为它是?
02:25
What made it sound slightly weird?
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什么东西让它听上去有点奇怪?
02:30
The problem was that there was too much detail.
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问题是有太多细节了。
02:33
If someone asks you an everyday question like “What are your plans for tomorrow?”, you
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如果有人问您一个日常问题像是 “What are your plans for tomorrow?”,您
02:38
don’t need to give *every* detail of your plans.
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不必给出您的计划里面的 *每一个* 细节。
02:42
This is where vague language can be useful.
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这是含糊说法能派上用场的地方。
02:46
Vague language lets you avoid unnecessary detail, which allows you to express your ideas
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含糊说法让您防止不必要的细节, 并让您表达您的
02:51
more efficiently.
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想法更有效率。
02:53
Let’s see another version of this conversation.
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我们看看对话的另一个版本。
02:56
This time, we’ll use vague language to avoid unnecessary detail.
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这次,我们使用含糊说法来防止 不必要的细节。
03:01
So, what are your plans for tomorrow?
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那么,您明天的计划是什么?
03:03
I’m going into the city centre to buy some stuff, then I’m meeting a friend for a coffee.
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我会去市中心买些东西,然后我会 和一位朋友碰面喝咖啡。
03:09
You?
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您呢?
03:10
I have to do some work in the morning, then I’m meeting a few old friends later.
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早上我要做一些工作,然后 迟点我会和几位老朋友会面。
03:14
We’re going for a drink, then to an Italian restaurant where they have lots of different
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我们会去喝一杯,然后去一间 有很多种披萨的
03:18
kinds of pizza.
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意大利餐厅。
03:20
Really?
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真的吗?
03:21
I love Italian food, especially the pasta.
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我喜欢意大利食物,特别是面食。
03:24
I really like spaghetti vongole and things like that.
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我真的喜欢蛤蜊面和一些 像那样的东西。
03:28
Here’s a question: can you remember all of the differences between the two dialogues?
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这有一个问题:您能记得两个对话 之间的所有区别吗?
03:37
Let’s look at some of the language you heard.
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我们看看一些您听到的说法。
03:41
First, the words ‘thing’ and ‘stuff’ are useful.
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首先,单词“thing”和“stuff” 是有用的。
03:48
In the dialogue, you heard ‘I’m going into the city centre to buy some stuff’.
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在对话里,您听到“I’m going into the city centre to buy some stuff”。
03:55
You can use thing or things to refer to an object or objects.
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您可以用thing或things来指 一个物体或一些物体。
04:02
For example: ‘Give me that thing to clean the window.’
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例如:“Give me that thing to clean the window.”
04:08
‘Don’t forget to take your things with you.’
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“Don’t forget to take your things with you.”
04:12
You can also use stuff in a similar way.
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您也可以一同样的方式来使用stuff。
04:15
Remember that stuff is uncountable.
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记得stuff是不可数的。
04:18
For example: ‘We’re only going for two days, so we don’t need much stuff.’
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例如:“‘We’re only going for two days, so we don’t need much stuff.”
04:25
‘Every time I move apartments, I throw loads of stuff away.’
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“Every time I move apartments, I throw loads of stuff away.”
04:31
Both words, ‘thing’ and ‘stuff’, can also be used to talk about things you have
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两个单词“thing”和“stuff”,也能 用于谈论您要做
04:37
to do.
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的事情。
04:38
For example: ‘I have to go to that thing tonight.’
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例如:“I have to go to that thing tonight.”
04:44
‘I have a lot of stuff to do next week.’
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“I have a lot of stuff to do next week.”
04:48
You can also use vague language when talking about numbers.
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在谈论数字时您也可以 使用含糊说法。
04:52
When talking about numbers or quantities, you can avoid unnecessary detail by using
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在谈论数字和数量时,您可以 通过使用像是 lots of、
04:57
expressions like lots of, loads of, a few, a couple, and so on.
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loads of、a few、a couple等等的表达 来避免不必要的细节。
05:05
For example, instead of saying ‘They sent me 34 emails yesterday.’
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例如,要取代”They sent me 34 emails yesterday.“
05:11
You can say ‘They sent me loads of emails yesterday.’
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您可以说”They sent me loads of emails yesterday.“
05:16
Instead of saying ‘I saw six of my old school friends last night.’
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要取代”I saw six of my old school friends last night."
05:21
You can say ‘I saw a few of my old school friends last night.’
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您可以说”I saw a few of my old school friends last night.“
05:26
And, instead of saying ‘I have to finish three more things, and then we can go.’
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以及。要取代”I have to finish three more things, and then we can go.“
05:32
You can say ‘I have to finish a couple more things, and then we can go.’
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您可以说”I have to finish a couple more things, and then we can go.“
05:38
In these cases, it’s more natural to avoid giving the exact number unless the number
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在这些事例里,那是更自然去防止 给出准确的数字除非
05:45
is somehow important.
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数字在某种程度上是重要的。
05:48
Finally, another way to use vague language is when shortening a list.
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最后,另一种使用含糊说法的 方法是在缩短清单时。
05:55
Imagine that your friend just came back from vacation, and you ask, ‘What did you do?’
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想像一下您的朋友刚度假回来, 您问,“What did you do?”
06:03
Your friend says ‘We went swimming in the sea, sunbathed on the beach, read books, ate
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您的朋友说“‘We went swimming in the sea, sunbathed on the beach, read books, ate
06:11
in restaurants, took a surfing lesson, visited different villages, slept a lot, went for
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in restaurants, took a surfing lesson, visited different villages, slept a lot, went for
06:18
a bike ride and spent one day sightseeing in the city.’
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a bike ride and spent one day sightseeing in the city.”
06:23
That doesn’t sound good, right?
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那听上去不好,对吗?
06:26
It sounds quite robotic.
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那听上去很像机器人。
06:29
In informal speech, we usually shorten long lists by using a phrase on the end like: ‘…and
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在非正式的发言里,我们经常在结尾用 一个短语来缩短长清单,像是:
06:36
that kind of thing’, ‘…and things like that’, ‘…and so on’, ‘…or something
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“…and that kind of thing”、“…and things like that”、“…and so on”、“…or
06:44
like that’.
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something like that”。
06:46
So, your friend might say ‘We went to the beach, did some sightseeing and things like
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那么,您的朋友也许会说“We went to the beach, did some sightseeing and
06:50
that.’
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things like that.”
06:53
This is more natural.
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这是很自然的。
06:54
It’s also more polite in a way.
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在某种程度上,那也是更礼貌。
06:57
When you say something like this, you’re giving some details but not every detail.
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在您说某些像这样的事,您在给出 一些细节,但不是每一个细节。
07:03
This shows that you’re engaged in the conversation, but it also shows that you understand that
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这显示出您参与了对话, 但是那也显示出您明白
07:08
the person you’re talking to probably doesn’t want to hear every single detail.
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正在与您谈话的人可能 不想听所有单个细节。
07:16
Using vague language to avoid unnecessary details is common, but vague language also
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使用含糊说法来防止不必要的细节是 常见的,但是含糊说法也
07:21
has other uses. Let's look.
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有其他的用途。我们来看看。
07:27
How about going to the cinema tomorrow?
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明天去影院怎么样?
07:29
Could do.
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可以。
07:30
What were you thinking?
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您怎样想的?
07:31
We could see that documentary about climbing in Yosemite.
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我们可以看那个关于攀登 优美胜地的纪录片。
07:34
It looks really interesting.
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那看上去真的很有趣。
07:36
I’m not interested in seeing that.
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我对看那个不感兴趣。
07:38
I’d choose to watch something else, like that Japanese horror film everyone’s talking
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我想选择去看些其他的,像是 每个人都在谈论的
07:43
about.
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那个日本恐怖片。
07:44
I guess we could do that.
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我觉得我们可以去。
07:46
What time should we meet?
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我们要几点碰面?
07:47
Come to my place at four o’clock, then we can walk down together.
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4点到我这,然后我们 可以一起走下去。
07:51
Alright.
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好吧。
07:52
Of course, in some situations, vagueness is bad.
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当然,在某些情况下, 含糊是不好的。
07:57
For example, if you have a contract or a legal document, it shouldn’t be vague!
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例如,如果您有一个合同或 法律文件,它不能是含糊的!
08:03
In general, we prefer to avoid vagueness in writing.
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一把来说,我们倾向在 书写上防止含糊。
08:09
However, in everyday speech, using vague, indirect language can help you to sound more
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然而,在日常说话时,使用含糊、 非直接的说法能帮助您
08:16
polite.
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听上去更有礼貌。
08:18
In this dialogue, I was direct.
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在对话里,我是直接的。
08:21
This might be fine if you’re talking to someone you know well, but being so direct
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这也许是好的,如果您在和一个您很了解 的人谈话,但是在另一种情形下
08:26
could seem rude in another situation.
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太直接会被当做是粗鲁。
08:28
Let’s see how you could use vague language to sound more polite in the same situation.
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我们看看在相同的情形下您怎样 使用含糊说法来让它听上去更有礼貌。
08:35
How about going to the cinema tomorrow?
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明天去影院怎么样?
08:37
Could do.
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可以啊。
08:38
What were you thinking?
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您怎样想的?
08:39
We could see that documentary about climbing in Yosemite.
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我们可以看那个关于攀登 优美胜地的纪录片。
08:42
It looks really interesting.
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那看上去真的很有趣。
08:43
That’s not really my thing.
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那个真的不适合我。
08:45
I’d kind of prefer to watch something else, like that Japanese horror film everyone’s
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我比较喜欢看些其他的,像是 每个人都在谈论的
08:50
talking about.
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那个日本恐怖片。
08:51
I guess we could do that.
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我觉得我们可以去。
08:53
What time should we meet?
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我们要几点碰面?
08:55
You could come to my place around four o’clock, then we can walk down together?
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您可以在大约4点钟到我这, 然后我们可以一起走下去?
08:58
Alright.
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好吧!
09:01
What changed?
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有什么改变?
09:03
If you just look at the words, it’s almost the same, but nonetheless the tone is quite
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如果您仅看单词,它几乎是相同的, 但是尽管如此,语气是
09:10
different.
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十分不同的。
09:11
Here, Marie was more indirect.
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这里,Marie是很不直接的。
09:15
Instead of saying ‘I’m not interested in seeing that’, she said ‘That’s not
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她说“That’s not really my thing”来取代 “I’m not interested in seeing that”,
09:20
really my thing’ Instead of saying ‘I’d choose to watch
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我说“I’d kind ofprefer to watch something else” 来取代
09:25
something else’, I said ‘I’d kind of prefer to watch something else’.
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“I’d choose to watch something else”,
09:32
Instead of saying ‘Come to my place at four o’clock’, she said ‘You could come to
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她说“You could come to my place around four o’clock”来取代
09:38
my place around four o’clock’.
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“Come to my place at four o’clock”
09:43
Let’s see what’s happening here.
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我们来看看这发生了什么事。
09:46
Imagine that a friend comes to your home.
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想像一下一个朋友来您家。
09:48
You notice your friend looks cold, so you ask, ‘Shall I turn on the heater?’
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您注意到您的朋友看上去有点冷, 所以您问“Shall I turn on the heater?”
09:54
Compare two answers: ‘Yes, please.
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比较两个回答:“Yes, please.
09:57
It’s cold in here.’
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It’s cold in here.”
10:00
‘Yes, please.
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“Yes, please.
10:01
It’s kind of cold in here.’
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It’s kind of cold in here.”
10:05
What’s the difference?
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区别是什么?
10:09
The first answer sounds very direct, which could sound impolite.
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第一个回答听上去很直接, 可能听起来不礼貌。
10:15
It sounds a bit like a criticism.
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听起来有点像批评。
10:18
By using the phrase ‘kind of’, you make the second answer vaguer and therefore more
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通过使用短语“kind of”,您让 第二个回答模糊了,因此
10:24
indirect.
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比较不直接。
10:26
You can use the phrases ‘kind of’ or ‘sort of’ in this way.
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您可以用这种方法来使用 短语“kind of”或“sort of”。
10:32
For example: ‘Can I have some milk?
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例如:“Can I have some milk?
10:35
The food’s kind of spicy.’
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The food’s kind of spicy.”
10:38
Here’s another example: ‘I kind of just want to stay in tonight.’
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这有另一个例子:“I kind of just want to stay in tonight.”
10:45
Saying ‘I want to stay in tonight’ sounds direct.
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说“I want to stay in tonight ”听上去是直接的。
10:49
Adding ‘kind of’ makes it sound softer.
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添加“kind of”让它听上去更柔和一些。
10:55
You might also use this with times.
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您也可以搭配时间使用这个。
10:58
For example, you can use the words ‘about’ or ‘around’ when arranging to meet someone,
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例如,在安排与某人会面时,您可以 使用单词“about”或“around”。
11:04
especially if it’s a casual meeting.
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特别是如果是一个非正式会议的话。
11:07
For example: ‘Let’s meet at four.’
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例如:“Let’s meet at four.”
11:11
This is more direct, which could sound like an order.
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这更直接,听上去像是一个命令。
11:14
‘Let’s meet at about four.’
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“Let’s meet at about four.”
11:17
This is more indirect, so it sounds more like a suggestion.
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这比较不直接,这样听上去 像是一个建议。
11:23
Of course, you don’t always want to use vague language.
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当然,您不一定总是想用 含糊说法。
11:27
If your friend needs to be here by ten o’clock at the latest, then you shouldn’t say ‘Can
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如果您的朋友最迟10点钟 要在这,那么您不能说“Can
11:33
you get here around ten?’
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you get here around ten?”
11:36
But in other cases, using vague language will make you sound more indirect, which often
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但是在其他的事例,使用含糊语言会让 您听上去比较不直接,
11:43
sounds more polite.
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那听上去通常比较有礼貌。
11:49
Have you seen their apartment?
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您看过他们的公寓吗?
11:50
It’s amazing!
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那太惊奇了。
11:51
Who do you mean?
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您说谁?
11:52
Julia and her husband, … Ah, you know, whatsisname…
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Julia和她的先生, … 啊,您知道,他叫什么…
11:57
Can’t remember.
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不记得了。
11:58
Anyway, you know them, right?
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随便,您认识他们,对吧?
12:00
Vaguely.
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依稀记得。
12:01
I haven’t been to their place.
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我没去过他们那。
12:03
It’s incredible.
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那是难以置信。
12:04
It’s like something out of a sci-fi film.
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那像是科幻电影里面的东西。
12:07
They have that thing, you know…
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他们有那东西,您知道…
12:09
I don’t know.
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我不知道。
12:11
That whatchamacallit, I’ve never seen one before.
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那个东西叫什么来着, 我之前从未见过。
12:14
I have no idea what you’re talking about.
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我不知道您在谈什么。
12:16
Ah…
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啊…
12:17
It has some weird name…
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那有一些奇怪的名字…
12:18
It’ll come to me in a minute.
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一分钟就会到我这。
12:21
Often, English learners speak about ‘native speakers’ as if native English speakers
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通常,英语学习者谈论“母语人士”时, 认为好像母语为英语的人
12:26
are all-knowing, but that isn’t the case.
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都知道那样,但事实并非如此。
12:30
No native speaker knows every word in English; people also forget words all the time.
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没有任何英语母语人士能知道英语的 每一个单词;人们在任何时候都会忘词。
12:37
So what can you do if you can’t remember the word for something?
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那么,如果您不记得某些事情 的单词,您可以做什么?
12:41
Vague language can be your friend!
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含糊语言可以是您的朋友。
12:44
Take a look: ‘What does this thingy do?’
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看一下: “What does this thingy do?”
12:49
‘You can use this little whatsit to take the back off your phone.’
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“You can use this little whatsit to take the back off your phone.”
12:55
‘I found a little metal thingamajig in my desk drawer.
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“I found a little metal thingamajig in my desk drawer.
12:59
No idea where it came from.’
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No idea where it came from.”
13:02
Words like ‘thingy’, ‘whatsit’ or ‘thingamajig’ are not normally used in
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像“thingy”, “whatsit”或“thingamajig” 的单词不常用
13:09
written English.
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在书面英语。
13:11
You can use them when you’re speaking if you don’t know what something is called.
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在您正在说某些您不知道某些 东西叫什么时,您可以使用它们。
13:17
You can also do this with people if you’ve forgotten someone’s name.
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如果您忘记某些东西的名字, 您也可以这么做。
13:23
For example: ‘I’ve got a meeting with whatsisface from the ad company tomorrow.’
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例如:“I’ve got a meeting with whatsisface from the ad company tomorrow.”
13:30
‘He’s moving in with whatsername—that girl he met at his friend’s wedding.’
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“He’s moving in with whatsername—that girl he met at his friend’s wedding.”
13:36
'Whatsisface’ is a word made from the question ‘What is his face,’ which makes no sense,
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“Whatsisface”是一个由问题“What is his face” 构成的单词,那是没意义的,
13:42
and it’s not really clear where it comes from.
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真的不清楚它来自何处。
13:45
‘Whatsername’ is easier to understand: it’s made from the question ‘What is her
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“Whatsername”是比较简单理解的: 它由问题“What is her
13:50
name?’
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name?”
13:53
You can change the words to talk about men or women: ‘whatsisface’ or ‘whatserface’
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您可以改变单词来谈论男士或女士: “whatsisface”或“whatserface”,
14:00
‘Whatsisname’ or ‘whatsername’.
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“Whatsisname”或“whatsername”。
14:04
Again, these words cannot be used in written English!
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同样,这些单词不能用于英语书写!
14:08
They’re also informal, so you shouldn’t use them unless you know the person you’re
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它们也是非正式的,所以,除非您很熟 那个正在与您谈话的人,
14:14
talking to well.
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否则您不能用它。
14:17
You should also never use these words directly to someone’s face.
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您也永不能对着某人的脸 直接说这些单词。
14:21
You can’t say: ‘Hey, whatsisface!
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您不能说:“Hey, whatsisface!
14:24
Good to see you, but I’ve forgotten your name.’
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Good to see you, but I’ve forgotten your name.“
14:28
This does not sound good!
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这听起来真的不是很好。
14:31
Could vague language be helpful for you when you’re speaking English?
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在您说英语时,含糊说法 对您有用吗?
14:35
How do you think it could help?
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您觉得它怎样能帮您?
14:37
Please share your ideas in the comments—can you think of anything we haven’t mentioned
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请您分享您的想法在评论栏里 — 您能 想到任何在这个视频里
14:43
in this video?
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我们没有提到的吗?
14:45
Thanks for watching!
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感谢观看!
14:47
See you next time!
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下次见!

Original video on YouTube.com
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