Collocations in English - Learn English Vocabulary

英语搭配词组 — 学英语词汇

Hi, I’m Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about collocations in English.

在本节课里，您可以学到英语搭配词组。

But, what are collocations?

但是，什么是搭配词组？

Why can’t you say, There was hard traffic on the way to the centre?

为什么您不能说“ There was hard traffic on the way to the centre“？

Because of collocation.

因为搭配词组的关系。

Can you say totally exhausted?

您可以说”totally exhausted“吗？

Yes, you can,

是的，您可以。

What about totally freezing?

那”totally freezing“呢？

No, you can’t.

不行，您不能。

Why not?

为什么不行？

Collocation!

搭配词组！

Why do you apply for a job, but you apply to a company?

为什么您”apply for a job“，而不是 ”apply to a company“？

Can you guess?

您可以猜一下吗？

Er…

Er…

Of course, the answer is ‘collocation.’

当然，答案是”搭配词组“。

But what does this mean?

但是，这是什么意思？

Collocation means that some words fit together, and other words don’t.

搭配词组意思是一些单词固定地 组合在一起，其他的不是。

Look at a sentence you heard before:

看一个您之前听到的句子：

There was hard traffic on the way to the centre.

There was hard traffic on the way to the centre.

Is this correct or not?

这是正确的吗，或不是？

It’s not correct.

那是不正确的。

If you said this, everybody would understand what you meant, but native English speakers

如果您说这个，每一个人会理解 您的意思，但是英语母语人士从来

would never use the words hard traffic together.

不把单词hard 和traffic合在一起使用。

Do you know the correct way to say it?

您知道说它的正确方式吗？

You could say heavy traffic, bad traffic, terrible traffic, and there are other possibilities.

您可以说”heavy traffic、bad traffic、 terrible traffic“，以及其他的可能性。

What’s the point here?

在这里，重点是什么？

The point is that some words fit together, and some words don’t.

重点是一些单词固定组合在一起 使用，一些不是。

There isn’t any logic to it.

那是没有逻辑的。

This makes collocations difficult.

这让搭配词组变难了。

If you don’t know that heavy traffic is the correct collocation, it’s hard to guess.

如果您不知道”heavy traffic“是 正确的搭配词组，那是很难去猜测。

You either know it, or you don’t.

您要么知道它，要么不知道。

In this lesson, you’ll learn about common collocations in English, how to learn and

在本节课里，您会学到常见的英语 搭配词组、怎样学习以及记住搭配

remember collocations, and why you should focus on collocations as part of your English

词组，以及为什么您应当把搭配词组 当成您的英语学习的一部分

study.

来关注它。

You almost certainly know many collocations in English already.

您几乎肯定已经知道很多英语搭配词组。

The most common collocations in English are with everyday verbs like do, make, get, give,

最常见的英语搭配词组是每天用 的动词像是do、make、get、give、

have, and so on.

have，等等。

Each of these verbs has tens of possible collocations.

这些动词里的每一个有十种可能的搭配词组。

Here’s a challenge for you.

这里是一个给您的挑战。

You’re going to hear a dialogue.

您要去听一段对话。

In the dialogue, there are ten collocations with these five verbs.

在对话里，有十个带有这 五个动词的搭配词组。

Listen and write down the ten collocations.

听并写下这十个搭配词组。

Can you do me a favour?

Can you do me a favour?

I’ve just got in!

I’ve just got in!

Can’t I have a break for five minutes?

Can’t I have a break for five minutes?

But I have a big problem!

But I have a big problem!

Amanda’s arriving in fifteen minutes, and my car won’t start.

Amanda’s arriving in fifteen minutes, and my car won’t start.

Can you give me a lift to the station?

Can you give me a lift to the station?

Ok, fine.

Ok, fine.

Give me a minute to get ready.

Give me a minute to get ready.

So, where’s Amanda?

So, where’s Amanda?

Shouldn’t she be here already?

Shouldn’t she be here already?

I think I made a mistake…

I think I made a mistake…

Oh?

Oh?

I got confused and mixed up the dates.

I got confused and mixed up the dates.

She’s coming tomorrow.

She’s coming tomorrow.

Well, at least you already made the beds.

Well, at least you already made the beds.

Can you give me a lift tomorrow?

Can you give me a lift tomorrow?

Please?

Please?

Work is busy tomorrow, but I’ll do my best.

Work is busy tomorrow, but I’ll do my best.

How was that?

How was that?

Could you write down the ten collocations?

您可以写下十个搭配词组吗？

If you want, you can go back and listen to the dialogue a second time.

如果您想，您可以回头 并听对话第二次。

Here are the ten collocations you heard:

这里是十个您听到的搭配词组：

do someone a favour do (your) best

do someone a favour do (your) best

make a mistake make the beds

make a mistake make the beds

get in get confused

get in get confused

give someone a lift give (me) a minute

give someone a lift give (me) a minute

have a break have a (big) problem

have a break have a (big) problem

You can see how common collocations are.

您可以看到搭配词组是怎么常见的。

They’re everywhere in spoken English!

它们是到处都在讲的口语！

All the collocations you saw are based on verbs.

所有您看到的搭配词组是基于动词。

However, collocations can be based on any part of speech.

然而，搭配词组可以是基于 口语的任何部分。

For example, there are adjective-noun collocations, like a great achievement or a long journey.

例如，有形容词 — 名词搭配词组，像是 a great achievement或a long journey。

There are adverb-adjective collocations, like terribly hot or extremely significant.

有副词 — 形容词搭配词组，像是 terribly hot或者extremely significant。

There are noun-noun collocations, like a slice of cake or a pile of laundry.

有名词 — 名词搭配词组，像是 a slice of cake或者a pile of laundry。

There are more.

有更多。

The point is that collocations are everywhere.

重点是搭配词组随处可见。

To speak English naturally and fluently, you need to pay attention to them.

要流利、自然地讲英语，您 要留意它们。

So, what should you do?

那么，您要做什么？

The best way to find and learn collocations is to do regular reading and listening practice

找到和学习搭配词组的最好方式是 做有规律的英语阅读和

in English.

听写练习。

As you read or listen, pay attention to collocations.

当您阅读和听时，留意搭配词组。

If you’re reading something, you can try to underline the collocations you find.

如果您在阅读某些东西，您可以试着 下划线强调您发现的搭配词组。

Remember that just because you know the words, it doesn’t mean you know the collocation!

记住只是因为您知道单词，那不意味 着您知道搭配词组！

For example, you might see collocations like:

例如，您或许看到搭配词组像是：

He went bald when he was in his twenties.

He went bald when he was in his twenties.

It’s a big decision, but we have to do something.

It’s a big decision, but we have to do something.

It was a little expensive, but still good value.

It was a little expensive, but still good value.

You might think, “I know the words, so there’s nothing to learn here,” but this could be

您或许想 “I know the words, so there’s nothing to learn here,” 但是，

a mistake.

这可能会是一个错误。

Think about the collocation big decision.

想像搭配词组 big decision。

If you don’t know the collocation, you might say something else, like large decision or

如果您不知道搭配词组，您或许 说其他的事情，像是large decision

heavy decision.

或者heavy decision。

However, these don’t work.

然而，不是那样的。

You need to know the collocation: big decision.

您要知道搭配词组：big decision。

The collocation is almost like a separate word that you need to learn and remember.

搭配词组几乎像是一个您需要去 学习和记住的分离的单词。

Let’s practice!

我们来练习！

Look at a short text.

看一段短文字。

There are ten collocations in the text.

在文字里有十个搭配词组。

The collocations are of different types.

搭配词组有不同的类型。

Can you find the ten collocations?

您可以找到十个搭配词组吗？

Pause the video, read the text, and try to find them.

暂停视屏并读文字， 试着找出它们。

Start again when you’re ready.

当您准备好时再次开始。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let’s look.

我们来看看。

One quick point: maybe some of you have different answers.

一个快速的重点：也许你们里面 有人有不同的答案。

Maybe some of you think there are more than ten collocations in the text.

也许你们里面有人认为在文字里有 超过十个搭配词组。

You could be right.

您可能是对的。

There isn’t a clear line between what is a collocation and what isn’t.

在是搭配词组和不是之间 没有一条清晰的线。

For example, is very patient a collocation?

例如，very patient是一个搭配词组吗？

You could say that it is, or that it isn’t.

您可以说它是，或不是。

It isn’t clear.

那是不清楚的。

Don’t worry about this point.

不要担心这个重点。

It doesn’t make any difference to how you should study and use collocations.

那对您应该如何学习和使用 搭配词组没有任何影响。

So, now you’ve found ten collocations in your text.

所以，现在您在文字里找到了 十个搭配词组。

You could find more collocations using a dictionary.

您可以用一本字典来找到更多的搭配词组。

For example, there are two collocations in the text with the word friend: become friends

例如，在文字里有两个带有单词 friend的搭配词组：become friends

and one of my closest friends.

和one of my closest friends。

Can you find two more?

您可以再多找两个吗？

Use your favourite dictionary, preferably a monolingual dictionary.

使用您喜欢的字典，最好是 一本英英字典。

Look up the word friend, and write down two more collocations.

查找单词 friend，并多写下两个 搭配词组。

Pause the video and do it now!

暂停视屏，现在做。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

What did you get?

您得到了什么？

There are many, many possible answers, but maybe you wrote down something like:

有很多、很多可能的答案。但是， 也许您写下某些像是：

make friends (with someone) a good friend

make friends (with someone) a good friend

(your) best friend Or: a true friend

(your) best friend 或者： a true friend

Let’s do one more.

我们再做一个例子。

In the text, you saw the collocation demanding job.

在文字里，您看到搭配词组 “demanding job”。

What else can be demanding?

有其他的可以是demanding的吗？

Pause the video, look up demanding in your dictionary, and write down two more possible

暂停视屏，在您的字典里查找 demanding，多写两个

collocations.

可能的搭配词组。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

What did you get this time?

这次您有什么？

Here are three suggestions:

这里是三个建议：

a demanding person a demanding period

a demanding person a demanding period

a demanding situation

a demanding situation

Again, there are other possibilities.

同样，有其他的可能性。

So, when you’re reading or listening in English, try to notice the collocations you

所以，在您读和听英语时，试着 留意您看到的或

see or hear.

听到的搭配词组。

You can then use your dictionary to look up related collocations.

您可以这样来使用您的字典来 查找相关的搭配词组。

However, you’ll very quickly have a lot of collocations!

然而，您很快会有大量的搭配词组！

How can you remember them all?

您可以怎样记住他们全部？

Learning and remembering collocations is the same as learning any other vocabulary.

学习和记住搭配词组是与学习任何 其他的词汇一样的。

That means you should:

那意味着您会：

One: Learn vocabulary from real-life sources, for example from reading articles, listening

一：在现实生活的来源里学习 词汇，例如，从阅读文章、

to songs, or having conversations with your friends.

听歌、或者与您的朋友对话里学习。

Don’t learn vocabulary by making big lists of words from the dictionary.

不要通过从字典里列出词汇的 大清单的方式来学习词汇。

Two: learn and review vocabulary in full sentences.

二：在整个句子里学习和复习词汇。

If you want to remember the collocation keep in touch with someone, don’t just write

如果您想记住搭配词组keep in touch with someone，不要只是写

down the phrase; write down a full sentence which is meaningful for you.

下短语；写一个整句是对您有意义的。

For example: I use Whatsapp to keep in touch with my friends overseas.

例如：I use Whatsapp to keep in touch with my friends overseas.

Three: you need a system to review vocabulary regularly.

三：您需要一个系统去有 规律地复习词汇。

The best way to do this is to use a flashcard app like Quizlet or Anki.

做这个的最好方式是使用一个闪卡 应用程序，像是Quizlet或Anki。

Finally, like any vocabulary, you need to use it, otherwise it won’t stick in your

最后，像是任何词汇，您需要 使用它，否则它不会停留

head.

在您的脑海里。

How can you do that?

您要怎样做那个？

Here’s one suggestion: when you learn collocations, put them in groups by topic.

这里是一个建议：在您学习搭配词组时， 根据主题把它们放在一个组别里。

For example, collocations to describe a person, collocations to describe a city, collocations

例如，描绘一个人的搭配词组、描绘 一个城市的搭配词组、谈论

to talk about relationships, and so on.

关系的搭配词组，等等。

When you have ten or more collocations in a group, write a short text, and try to use

当您在一个组别里有十个或更多 搭配词组时，写一篇短文字，并

all of the collocations as you write.

试着使用所有您写的搭配词组。

For example, if you’ve found ten collocations to describe a city, you could write a short

例如，如果您找到了十个搭配词组 来描述一个城市，您可以用您

paragraph about your hometown using the collocations you’ve learned.

学到的搭配词组来写一个关于您的 家乡的短段落。

It might look something like this:

它可能看起来像是这样：

Athens is a sprawling city with a rich history.

Athens is a sprawling city with a rich history.

The old centre is full of steep, narrow streets and archaeological monuments.

The old centre is full of steep, narrow streets and archaeological monuments.

It has a lively atmosphere, especially at night.

It has a lively atmosphere, especially at night.

You can get around by metro, which is useful because traffic jams are a constant problem.

You can get around by metro, which is useful because traffic jams are a constant problem.

You can easily find tasty local food in the centre, although touristy places can be overpriced.

You can easily find tasty local food in the centre, although touristy places can be overpriced.

There’s very little street crime, so you don’t have to worry about safety, although

There’s very little street crime, so you don’t have to worry about safety, although

you should look out for pickpockets in the metro.

you should look out for pickpockets in the metro.

This can be challenging, but it’s worth making the effort.

这可能是有挑战性的，但是那 值得付出努力。

By using the collocations you learn to write something which is true for you, you’ll

通过使用您学到的搭配词组来写一些 对您来说是真实的事情，您会

be able to remember them more easily.

能够更容易地记住他们。

Finally, let’s see how collocations can be the key to increasing your English vocabulary.

最后，我们看看搭配词组怎么能 是增加您的英语词汇的关键。

Often, students tell us things like:

通常，学生告诉我们事情像是：

I need more vocabulary to speak English.

我需要更多的词汇来讲英语。

I can’t find the right words when I’m speaking.

当我在讲的时候，我 找不到正确的单词。

Or: I need to learn more vocabulary for my IELTS exam.

或者：为了我的雅思考试， 我要学更多的词汇 。

Or: I want to learn academic vocabulary to express my ideas clearly.

或者：我想学习学术词汇来 清晰地表达我的想法。

What if we told you that you could improve your vocabulary massively, without even learning

如果我们告诉您，甚至不用学 任何新的单词，您可以

any new words?

大幅度提高您的词汇量呢？

What?

什么？

How can that be?

那可以是怎么样？

It’s not about how many words you know; it’s about how you use those words.

这与您知道多少单词无关； 那是与您怎么使用那些单词有关。

Remember earlier, you saw the collocation big decision?

记得之前，您看到搭配词组 big decision吗？

Probably, all of you know the words big and decision, but we’re guessing not all of

有可能，您知道big和decision 两个单词，但是， 我们猜并非

you knew the collocation big decision.

所有人都知道big decision的搭配。

Most of the collocations in this lesson are probably similar.

在本节课里的搭配词组 大部分有可能是相似的。

The individual words might not be new, but the combination is.

单独的单词可能不是新的， 但是，组合是。

You’ve seen around thirty to forty different collocations in this lesson.

在本节课里，您看到了大约 30-40个不同的搭配词组。

Actually, you’ve seen many more, but we’ve highlighted that many.

实际上，您看到了更多， 但是，我们已经强调了很多。

This is a tiny, tiny proportion of the collocations we could have shown you.

这是一点点，我们能展示 给您的搭配词组的一小部分。

Collocations are everywhere, and many of them use words you’re already familiar with.

搭配词组随处可见，它们中的很多 使用您已经熟悉的单词。

So here’s our final piece of advice: spend more time learning collocations.

所以，在这里我们的最后建议： 花更多的时间学习搭配词组。

Don’t just learn single words; learn combinations and phrases with them.

不要只是学单个的单词； 学它们的组合和短语。

Learn collocations using the vocabulary you have.

用您有的词汇来学习搭配词组。

Follow the steps in this lesson: find collocations by reading or listening, use good vocabulary

跟随在本节课里的步骤：通过 阅读和听来找搭配词组，使用好的词汇

learning practices, and use collocations by writing short texts on different topics.

学习做法，并通过编写不同 主题的短文来使用搭配词组。

This way, you can learn to use the vocabulary you already know to express a wider range

这种方式，您可以学到使用您 已经知道的词汇来表达范围

of ideas.

更广的想法。

You’ll be able to talk more fluently and naturally, and express yourself more clearly.

您可以谈得更流利和自然， 并且自我表达得更清晰。

Here’s a question for you: have you found any weird, funny, interesting or really illogical

这里是给您的一个问题：您有 找到任何奇怪的、搞笑的、有趣的

English collocations?

或真正不合逻辑的英语词组吗？

Please share them in the comments!

请在评论栏里分享它们。

Don’t forget to check out our website for more free English lessons: Oxford Online English

更多的免费课程，不要忘记 查看我们的网站：

dot com.

Oxford Online English dot com.

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！