Collocations in English - Learn English Vocabulary

英文搭配詞 — 學習英文字彙

Hi, I’m Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about collocations in English.

在本節課裡，您可以學到英文搭配詞。

But, what are collocations?

但是，什麽是搭配詞？

Why can’t you say, There was hard traffic on the way to the centre?

爲什麽您不能說“ There was hard traffic on the way to the centre“？

Because of collocation.

因為搭配詞的關係。

Can you say totally exhausted?

您可以說”totally exhausted“嗎？

Yes, you can,

是的，您可以。

What about totally freezing?

那”totally freezing“呢？

No, you can’t.

不可以，您不能。

Why not?

爲什麽不可以？

Collocation!

搭配詞！

Why do you apply for a job, but you apply to a company?

爲什麽您”apply for a job“，而不是 ”apply to a company“？

Can you guess?

您可以猜一下嗎？

Er…

Er…

Of course, the answer is ‘collocation.’

當然，答案是”搭配詞“。

But what does this mean?

但是，這是什麽意思？

Collocation means that some words fit together, and other words don’t.

搭配詞意思是一些單字固定地 組合在一起，其他的不是。

Look at a sentence you heard before:

看一個您之前聽到的句子：

There was hard traffic on the way to the centre.

There was hard traffic on the way to the centre.

Is this correct or not?

這是正確的嗎，或不是？

It’s not correct.

那是不正確的。

If you said this, everybody would understand what you meant, but native English speakers

如果您說這個，每一個人會理解 您的意思，但是，英文母語人士從來

would never use the words hard traffic together.

不把單字hard和traffic搭配在一起使用。

Do you know the correct way to say it?

您知道說它的正確方式嗎？

You could say heavy traffic, bad traffic, terrible traffic, and there are other possibilities.

您可以說”heavy traffic、bad traffic、 terrible traffic“，以及其他的可能性。

What’s the point here?

在這裡，要點是什麽？

The point is that some words fit together, and some words don’t.

要點是一些單字固定地組合在一起 使用，一些則不是。

There isn’t any logic to it.

那是沒有邏輯的。

This makes collocations difficult.

這樣搭配詞變難了。

If you don’t know that heavy traffic is the correct collocation, it’s hard to guess.

如果您不知道”heavy traffic“是 正確的搭配詞，那是很難去猜測的。

You either know it, or you don’t.

您要麼知道它，要麼不知道。

In this lesson, you’ll learn about common collocations in English, how to learn and

在本節課裡，您會學到常見的英文 搭配詞、怎樣學習以及記住

remember collocations, and why you should focus on collocations as part of your English

搭配詞，以及爲什麽您應當把搭配詞 當成您的英文學習的一部分

study.

來關注它。

You almost certainly know many collocations in English already.

您幾乎肯定已經知道很多英文搭配詞。

The most common collocations in English are with everyday verbs like do, make, get, give,

最常見的英文搭配詞是每天用 的動詞像是do、make、get、give、

have, and so on.

have，等等。

Each of these verbs has tens of possible collocations.

這些動詞裡的每一個都有十種可能的搭配詞。

Here’s a challenge for you.

這裡是一個給您的挑戰。

You’re going to hear a dialogue.

您要去聽一段對話。

In the dialogue, there are ten collocations with these five verbs.

在對話裡，有十個含有這 五個動詞的搭配詞。

Listen and write down the ten collocations.

聆聽並寫下這十個搭配詞。

Can you do me a favour?

Can you do me a favour?

I’ve just got in!

I’ve just got in!

Can’t I have a break for five minutes?

Can’t I have a break for five minutes?

But I have a big problem!

But I have a big problem!

Amanda’s arriving in fifteen minutes, and my car won’t start.

Amanda’s arriving in fifteen minutes, and my car won’t start.

Can you give me a lift to the station?

Can you give me a lift to the station?

Ok, fine.

Ok, fine.

Give me a minute to get ready.

Give me a minute to get ready.

So, where’s Amanda?

So, where’s Amanda?

Shouldn’t she be here already?

Shouldn’t she be here already?

I think I made a mistake…

I think I made a mistake…

Oh?

Oh?

I got confused and mixed up the dates.

I got confused and mixed up the dates.

She’s coming tomorrow.

She’s coming tomorrow.

Well, at least you already made the beds.

Well, at least you already made the beds.

Can you give me a lift tomorrow?

Can you give me a lift tomorrow?

Please?

Please?

Work is busy tomorrow, but I’ll do my best.

Work is busy tomorrow, but I’ll do my best.

How was that?

How was that?

Could you write down the ten collocations?

您可以寫下十個搭配詞嗎？

If you want, you can go back and listen to the dialogue a second time.

如果您想，您可以回頭 並聽對話第二次。

Here are the ten collocations you heard:

這裡是十個您聽到的搭配詞：

do someone a favour do (your) best

do someone a favour do (your) best

make a mistake make the beds

make a mistake make the beds

get in get confused

get in get confused

give someone a lift give (me) a minute

give someone a lift give (me) a minute

have a break have a (big) problem

have a break have a (big) problem

You can see how common collocations are.

您可以看到搭配詞是多麼常見。

They’re everywhere in spoken English!

它們是到處都在口頭講的！

All the collocations you saw are based on verbs.

所有您看到的搭配詞是以動詞為基礎的。

However, collocations can be based on any part of speech.

然而，搭配詞可以是基於 口說的任何部分。

For example, there are adjective-noun collocations, like a great achievement or a long journey.

例如，有形容詞 — 名詞搭配詞，像是 a great achievement或a long journey。

There are adverb-adjective collocations, like terribly hot or extremely significant.

有副詞 — 形容詞搭配詞，像是 terribly hot或者extremely significant。

There are noun-noun collocations, like a slice of cake or a pile of laundry.

有名詞 — 名詞搭配詞，像是 a slice of cake或者a pile of laundry。

There are more.

有更多。

The point is that collocations are everywhere.

重點是搭配詞隨處可見。

To speak English naturally and fluently, you need to pay attention to them.

要流利、自然地講英文，您 要留意它們。

So, what should you do?

那麼，您要做什麽？

The best way to find and learn collocations is to do regular reading and listening practice

找到並學習搭配詞的最好方式是 做有規律的英文閱讀和

in English.

聽寫練習。

As you read or listen, pay attention to collocations.

在您閱讀英文和聆聽英文時，留意搭配詞。

If you’re reading something, you can try to underline the collocations you find.

如果您在閱讀某些東西，您可以試著 下劃綫強調您找到的搭配詞。

Remember that just because you know the words, it doesn’t mean you know the collocation!

記住只是因為您知道單字， 那不意味著您知道搭配詞！

For example, you might see collocations like:

例如，您或許看到搭配詞像是：

He went bald when he was in his twenties.

He went bald when he was in his twenties.

It’s a big decision, but we have to do something.

It’s a big decision, but we have to do something.

It was a little expensive, but still good value.

It was a little expensive, but still good value.

You might think, “I know the words, so there’s nothing to learn here,” but this could be

您或許想“I know the words, so there’s nothing to learn here,” 但是，

a mistake.

這可能會是一個錯誤。

Think about the collocation big decision.

想像搭配詞 big decision。

If you don’t know the collocation, you might say something else, like large decision or

如果您不知道搭配詞，您或許 說其他的事情，像是large decision

heavy decision.

或者heavy decision。

However, these don’t work.

然而，不是那樣的。

You need to know the collocation: big decision.

您要知道搭配詞：big decision。

The collocation is almost like a separate word that you need to learn and remember.

搭配詞幾乎像是一個您需要 學習和記住的分離的單字。

Let’s practice!

我們來練習這個！

Look at a short text.

看一段短文字。

There are ten collocations in the text.

在文字裡有十個搭配詞。

The collocations are of different types.

搭配詞有不同的類型。

Can you find the ten collocations?

您可以找到十個搭配詞嗎？

Pause the video, read the text, and try to find them.

暫停影片並閱讀文字， 試著找出它們。

Start again when you’re ready.

在您準備好時再次開始。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

Let’s look.

我們來看看。

One quick point: maybe some of you have different answers.

一個要點：也許你們裡面 有人有不同的答案。

Maybe some of you think there are more than ten collocations in the text.

也許你們裡面有人認為在文字裡有 超過十個搭配詞。

You could be right.

您可能是對的。

There isn’t a clear line between what is a collocation and what isn’t.

在是搭配詞與不是之間 沒有一條清晰的線。

For example, is very patient a collocation?

例如，very patient是一個搭配詞嗎？

You could say that it is, or that it isn’t.

您可以說它是，或不是。

It isn’t clear.

那是不清楚的。

Don’t worry about this point.

不要擔心這個要點。

It doesn’t make any difference to how you should study and use collocations.

那對您應當怎麼學習和使用 搭配詞沒有任何影響。

So, now you’ve found ten collocations in your text.

所以，現在您在文字里找到了 十個搭配詞。

You could find more collocations using a dictionary.

您可以用一本辭典來找到更多的搭配詞。

For example, there are two collocations in the text with the word friend: become friends

例如，在文字李有兩個含有單字 friend的搭配詞：become friends

and one of my closest friends.

與one of my closest friends。

Can you find two more?

您可以再多找兩個嗎？

Use your favourite dictionary, preferably a monolingual dictionary.

使用您喜歡的辭典，最好是 一本英英辭典。

Look up the word friend, and write down two more collocations.

查找單字friend，並多寫兩個 搭配詞。

Pause the video and do it now!

暫停影片，現在做。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

What did you get?

您得到了什麽？

There are many, many possible answers, but maybe you wrote down something like:

有很多、很多可能的答案。但是， 也許您寫下某些像是：

make friends (with someone) a good friend

make friends (with someone) a good friend

(your) best friend Or: a true friend

(your) best friend 或者： a true friend

Let’s do one more.

我們再練習一個例子。

In the text, you saw the collocation demanding job.

在這段文字裡，您看到搭配詞 “demanding job”。

What else can be demanding?

有其他的可以是demanding的嗎？

Pause the video, look up demanding in your dictionary, and write down two more possible

暫停影片，在您的辭典裡查找 demanding，多寫兩個

collocations.

可能的搭配詞。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

What did you get this time?

這次您有什麽？

Here are three suggestions:

這裡是三個建議：

a demanding person a demanding period

a demanding person a demanding period

a demanding situation

a demanding situation

Again, there are other possibilities.

同樣，有其他的可能性。

So, when you’re reading or listening in English, try to notice the collocations you

所以，在您閱讀和聆聽英文時，試著 留意您看到的或

see or hear.

聽到的搭配詞。

You can then use your dictionary to look up related collocations.

您可以這樣來使用您的辭典來 查找相關的搭配詞。

However, you’ll very quickly have a lot of collocations!

然而，您很快會有大量的搭配詞！

How can you remember them all?

您怎麼能全部記住它們？

Learning and remembering collocations is the same as learning any other vocabulary.

學習和記住搭配詞是與學習任何 其他的字彙一樣的。

That means you should:

那意味著您會：

One: Learn vocabulary from real-life sources, for example from reading articles, listening

一：在現實生活的來源裡學習 字彙，例如，從閱讀文章、

to songs, or having conversations with your friends.

聽歌、或者與您的朋友的對話里學習。

Don’t learn vocabulary by making big lists of words from the dictionary.

不要通過從辭典裡列出字彙的 大清單的方式來學習字彙。

Two: learn and review vocabulary in full sentences.

二：在整個句子裡學習和複習字彙。

If you want to remember the collocation keep in touch with someone, don’t just write

如果您想記住搭配詞keep in touch with someone，不要只是寫

down the phrase; write down a full sentence which is meaningful for you.

下片語；寫一整句是對您有意義的。

For example: I use Whatsapp to keep in touch with my friends overseas.

例如：I use Whatsapp to keep in touch with my friends overseas.

Three: you need a system to review vocabulary regularly.

三：您需要一個系統來 有規律地複習字彙。

The best way to do this is to use a flashcard app like Quizlet or Anki.

做這個的最好方式是使用一個閃卡 應用程式，像是Quizlet或Anki。

Finally, like any vocabulary, you need to use it, otherwise it won’t stick in your

最後，像是任何字彙，您需要 使用它，否則它不會停留

head.

在您的腦海裡。

How can you do that?

您要怎麼做那個？

Here’s one suggestion: when you learn collocations, put them in groups by topic.

這裡是一個建議：在您學習搭配詞時， 根據主題把它們分列在一個組別裡。

For example, collocations to describe a person, collocations to describe a city, collocations

例如，描述一個人的搭配詞、描述 一個城市的搭配詞、談論

to talk about relationships, and so on.

關係的搭配詞，等等。

When you have ten or more collocations in a group, write a short text, and try to use

當您在一個組別裡有十個或更多 搭配詞時，寫一篇短文，並

all of the collocations as you write.

試著使用所有您寫的搭配詞。

For example, if you’ve found ten collocations to describe a city, you could write a short

例如，如果您找到了十個搭配詞 來描述一個城市，您可以用您

paragraph about your hometown using the collocations you’ve learned.

學到的搭配詞來寫一個關於您的 家鄉的短段落。

It might look something like this:

它可能看起來像是這樣的：

Athens is a sprawling city with a rich history.

Athens is a sprawling city with a rich history.

The old centre is full of steep, narrow streets and archaeological monuments.

The old centre is full of steep, narrow streets and archaeological monuments.

It has a lively atmosphere, especially at night.

It has a lively atmosphere, especially at night.

You can get around by metro, which is useful because traffic jams are a constant problem.

You can get around by metro, which is useful because traffic jams are a constant problem.

You can easily find tasty local food in the centre, although touristy places can be overpriced.

You can easily find tasty local food in the centre, although touristy places can be overpriced.

There’s very little street crime, so you don’t have to worry about safety, although

There’s very little street crime, so you don’t have to worry about safety, although

you should look out for pickpockets in the metro.

you should look out for pickpockets in the metro.

This can be challenging, but it’s worth making the effort.

這可能是有挑戰性的，但是，那 值得付出努力。

By using the collocations you learn to write something which is true for you, you’ll

通過使用您學到的搭配詞來寫一些 對您來說是真實的事情，您會

be able to remember them more easily.

能夠更容易記住它們。

Finally, let’s see how collocations can be the key to increasing your English vocabulary.

最後，我們看看搭配詞怎麼可以 是增加您的英文字彙的關鍵。

Often, students tell us things like:

通常，學生們告訴我們事情像是：

I need more vocabulary to speak English.

我需要更多的字彙來說英文。

I can’t find the right words when I’m speaking.

當我在講的時候，我 找不到正確的單字。

Or: I need to learn more vocabulary for my IELTS exam.

或者：爲了我的雅思考試， 我要學更多的字彙 。

Or: I want to learn academic vocabulary to express my ideas clearly.

或者：我想學習學術字彙來 清晰地表達我的想法。

What if we told you that you could improve your vocabulary massively, without even learning

如果我們告訴您，甚至不用學 任何新的單字，您可以

any new words?

大幅度提高您的字彙量？

What?

什麽？

How can that be?

那可以是怎麼樣的？

It’s not about how many words you know; it’s about how you use those words.

這與您知道多少單字無關； 那是與您怎麼使用那些單字有關。

Remember earlier, you saw the collocation big decision?

記得之前您看到的搭配詞 big decision嗎？

Probably, all of you know the words big and decision, but we’re guessing not all of

有可能您知道big和decision 兩個單字，但是，我們猜並非

you knew the collocation big decision.

所有人都知道big decision的搭配。

Most of the collocations in this lesson are probably similar.

在本節課裡的搭配詞 大部分有可能是相似的。

The individual words might not be new, but the combination is.

單獨的單字可能不是新的， 但是，組合是。

You’ve seen around thirty to forty different collocations in this lesson.

在本節課裡，您看到了大約 30-40個不同的搭配詞。

Actually, you’ve seen many more, but we’ve highlighted that many.

實際上，您看到了更多， 但是，我們已經強調了很多。

This is a tiny, tiny proportion of the collocations we could have shown you.

這只是一點點我們能夠展示 給您的搭配詞的一小部分。

Collocations are everywhere, and many of them use words you’re already familiar with.

搭配詞隨處可見，它們裡面的很多 使用您已經熟悉的單字。

So here’s our final piece of advice: spend more time learning collocations.

所以，在這裡我們最後的建議： 花更多的時間學習搭配詞。

Don’t just learn single words; learn combinations and phrases with them.

不要只是學習單個的單字； 學習它們的組合和片語。

Learn collocations using the vocabulary you have.

利用您有的字彙來學習搭配詞。

Follow the steps in this lesson: find collocations by reading or listening, use good vocabulary

追隨本節課裡的步驟：通過閱讀和 聆聽來找出搭配詞，使用好的字彙

learning practices, and use collocations by writing short texts on different topics.

學習練習， 並通過編寫不同 主題的短文來使用搭配詞。

This way, you can learn to use the vocabulary you already know to express a wider range

通過這種方式，您可以學到使用您 已經知道的字彙來表達範圍

of ideas.

更廣的想法。

You’ll be able to talk more fluently and naturally, and express yourself more clearly.

您可以談得更流利和自然， 並且自我表達得更清晰。

Here’s a question for you: have you found any weird, funny, interesting or really illogical

這裡是給您的一個問題：您有 找到任何奇怪的、搞笑的、有趣的

English collocations?

或真正不合邏輯的英文搭配詞嗎？

Please share them in the comments!

請在留言版里分享它們。

Don’t forget to check out our website for more free English lessons: Oxford Online English

更多的免費課程，不要忘記 查看我們的網站：

dot com.

Oxford Online English dot com.

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！