English Sounds and Spelling - English Pronunciation Lesson

英语发音 - 音和拼写

Hello, I'm Oli.

您好，我是Oli。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this pronunciation lesson, you can learn about sounds and spelling in English.

在本节发音的课程，您可以学习 英语的发音和拼写。

If you just look at a word in English, do you know how to pronounce it?

如果您只看一个英文单词， 您知道它怎么发音吗？

Not always.

不一定。

It can be difficult because, in English, the way we write a word and the way we say it

那可能是有难度的，因为，在英语里， 您写一个单词的方法和我们说

are not always the same.

它的方法不一定是相同的。

In this lesson, you can learn more about the differences between how we write a word and

在本节课里，您可以学到有关我们 怎样写一个英语单词和怎样念

how we say a word in English.

一个英语单词之间的区别。

Part one: the same letter can have different sounds.

第一部分：同一个字母可以 有不同的音。

Look at three words: phone, clock, for.

看三个单词：phone、clock、for。

All of these words contain the letter O. Is the letter O pronounced the same way in each

所有这些单词含有字母“O”。

字母“O”在每一个单词里用 相同方式发音吗？

word?

No.

没有。

In "phone," the letter O has an /əʊ/ sound.

在"phone"里，字母“O”有一个/əʊ/音。

In "clock," O has an /ɒ/ sound.

在"clock"里，“O”有一个/ɒ/音。

In "for," O has an /ɔː/ sound.

在"for"里，“O”有一个 /ɔː/音。

So here, we have three different words, all with the same letter, but with three different

那么，这里，我们有三个有相同 字母的不同的单词，

pronunciations.

但是有三个不同的发音。

Part two: different letters can have the same sound.

第二部分：不同的字母可以 有相同的音。

Let's look at three more words: big, England, busy.

我们再多看三个单词：big、England、 busy。

OK, some questions: what sound does the I in "big" make?

好，一些问题：在“big”里 的“I”是什么音？

What sound does the E in "England" make?

在"England"里的“E”是什么音？

And what sound does the U in "busy" make?

在"busy"里的“U”是什么音？

Listen again: big, England, busy.

再听一遍：big、England、busy。

These three letters all have the same sound: /ɪ/.

所有这三个字母有相同的音： /ɪ/。

So here, we have three different letters, I, E, and U, but they all make one sound,

所以，在这，我们有三个不同的字母， I、E和U，但是它们是

/ɪ/.

同一个音/ɪ/。

OK, at this point, it should be clear that letters and sounds are not the same thing

好，关于这一点，它肯定是很清楚的， 在英语里面，字母和音

in English.

不是同一件事情。

So let's look at this in more detail.

所以我们看下这个的更多细节。

Part three: how to count letters and sounds.

第三部分：怎么算字母和发音。

OK, look at three more words: fast, seven, ted.

好，再看三个单词： fast、seven、 ted。

I want you to think about two questions: how many letters do these words have, and how

我想要您考虑两个问题：这些 单词有多少字母？

many sounds do these words have?

这些单词有多少个音？

OK, well, the first question is easy.

好的，很好，第一个问题是简单的。

"Fast" has four letters.

"Fast"有四个字母。

"Seven" has five letters, and "red" has three letters.

"Seven"有五个字母，而 "red"有三个字母。

What about the second question?

那第二个问题呢？

How many sounds do the words have?

单词有多少个音？

Well, actually, "fast" has four sounds.

好的，实际上，"fast"有四个音。

/f/-/ɑː/-/s/-/t/.

/f/-/ɑː/-/s/-/t/.

"Seven" has five sounds: /s/-/e/-/v/- -/n/.

"Seven" 有五个音： /s/-/e/-/v/- -/n/.

"Red" has three sounds: /r/-/e/-/d/.

"Red"有三个音： /r/-/e/-/d/.

So all of these words have the same number of letters and sounds.

所以所有三个单词有相同 数量的字母和音。

"Fast" has four letters and four sounds.

"Fast"有四个字母和四个音。

"Seven" has five letters and five sounds.

"Seven"有五个字母和五个音。

"Red" has three letters and three sounds.

"Red"有三个字母和三个音。

That makes these words easy to pronounce because you see the word, one letter equals one sound.

那让这些单词发音变容易了，因为 您看到单词，一个字母相当于一个音。

It's easy.

那是容易的。

But are all English words like this?

但是所有的英语单词都像这样吗？

No, most English words are not like this.

没有，大部分的英语单词不是像这样的。

This is what makes English pronunciation difficult.

这是英语发音难的地方。

So let's look at this again.

所以我们再看看这个。

Part four: letters and sounds are not always the same thing.

第四部分：字母和音不一定 是同一件事。

OK, listen to three more words: coffee, teacher, shopping.

好，再听三个单词：coffee、teacher、 shopping。

Think about the same questions we asked before: how many letters does each word have, and

考虑我们之前问的相同问题： 每一个单词有多少个字母？

how many sounds does each word have?

以及有多少个音？

So, "coffee" has six letters, but how many sounds?

所以"coffee"有六个字母， 但是多少个音？

Just four.

只有四个。

The two Fs together make one /f/ sound, and the two Es together make one /i/ sound.

两个F合并在一起发一个/f/音， 两个E合并在一起发一个/i/。

So there are four sounds.

所以有四个音。

/k/-/ɒ/-/f/-/i/.

/k/-/ɒ/-/f/-/i/.

Teacher has seven letters.

Teacher有7个字母。

How many sounds?

多少个音？

Four, again.

一样，四个。

So the two letters EA make one /iː/ sound.

所以最后的两个字母EA发一个/iː/音。

The two letters CH make one /tʃ/ sound, and the two letters, ER, make one /ə/ sound.

两个字母CH发一个/tʃ/音， 两个字母ER发一个/ə/音。

So there are four sounds in the word: /t/-/iː/-/tʃ/-/ə/.

那么，单词有四个音： /t/-/iː/-/tʃ/-/ə/。

"Shopping" has eight letters.

"Shopping" 有八个字母。

How many sounds?

多少个音？

Five.

五个。

S and H together make one /ʃ/ sound.

S和H 合在一起发一个/ʃ/音。

The two Ps together make one /p/ sound.

两个P合在一起发一个/p/音。

The letters NG make one /ŋ/ sound.

字母NG发一个/ŋ/音。

So that leaves five sounds: /ʃ/-/ɒ/-/p/-/ɪ/-/ŋ/.

所以有五个发音：/ʃ/-/ɒ/-/p/-/ɪ/-/ŋ/。

Often, a word has more letters than sounds because two or more letters together can make

通常，一个单词的字母数量会比音要多，因为 两个或更多字母合在一起

one sound.

可以发一个音。

Sometimes three or four letters together can make one sound.

有时三个或四个字母合在 一起可以发一个音。

For example, look at the word "four," F-O-U-R.

例如，看单词"four" F-O-U-R。

In this word, the three letters, 'OUR', make one sound: /ɔː/.

在这个单词里，“OUR” 发一个音： /ɔː/。

Let's look at three more words: one, use, Europe.

我们再多看三个单词：one、use、 Europe。

Same questions: How many letters?

同样的问题：有多少个字母？

How many sounds?

有多少音？

Well, let's look at "one."

好吧，我们看看"one"。

"One" has three letters and three sounds, so that's easy, right?

"One"有三个字母，三个音， 那么是简单的，对吗？

But what are the three sounds?

但是三个音是什么？

/w/-/ʌ/-/n/.

/w/-/ʌ/-/n/.

Where does that /w/ sound come from?

那个/w/音从哪里来？

What about the other words?

其他的单词呢？

Well, "use" has three sounds, again, /j/-/ʊː/-/z/.

好，"use"有三个音，同样， /j/-/ʊː/-/z/。

Again, you can see a /j/ sound, which is pronounced, but which isn't obviously in the written word.

同样，您可以看到一个发/j/的音， 但那绝对不是书写的单词。

"Europe" has five sounds: /j/-/ʊə/-/r/-/ə/-/p/.

"Europe"有五个音：/j/-/ʊə/-/r/-/ə/-/p/。

Once again, you can see there's a /j/ sound in the pronunciation, which isn't written

也一样，您可以看到在发音里有一个/j/ 音，那没有在单词里清楚地

clearly in the word.

书写出来。

So to review: very often, words have more letters than sounds because, very often, two

那么对于复习：很常见，单词有的字母要 比音要多，因为很普遍，两个或

or more letters together can produce one sound.

更多的字母合在一起可以发一个音。

Sometimes there are extra sounds which are not obviously written, but which are pronounced

有时有未明显地写出来的 额外的音，但是在您

when you say the word.

读单词时那是发音的。

Okay.

好！

Let's do some practice together.

我们一起来做一些练习。

I'm going to give you five words: apple, because, student, cheap, Wednesday.

我要给你五个单词：apple、because、 student、cheap、Wednesday。

Think about the same questions: how many letters do these words have, and how many sounds do

考虑同一个问题：这些单词有 多少个单词？

these words have?

以及有多少个音？

If you want, pause the video and think about your answer.

如果您想，暂停视屏并考虑您的答案。

We can start again when you're ready and look at the answers together.

当您准备好，我们可以再开始， 一起看答案。

OK, ready?

的，准备好了吗？

Let's check.

我们检查一下。

"Apple" has five letters and three sounds: /æ/-/p/-/l/.

"Apple"有五个字母和三个音： /æ/-/p/-/l/。

"Because" has seven letters and five sounds: /b/-/ɪ/-/k/-/ɒ/-/z/. "Student" has seven

"Because" 有七个字母和五个音： /b/-/ɪ/-/k/-/ɒ/-/z/。

"Student"有七个字母和八个音。

letters and eight sounds.

How's this possible?

怎么可能？

Let's look: /s/-/t/-/j/-/ʊː/-/d/-/e/-/n/-/t/.

我们看看：/s/-/t/-/j/-/ʊː/-/d/-/e/-/n/-/t/。

Eight.

八个。

There's an extra /j/ before the /ʊː/, which again is not obvious from the spelling, but

在/ʊː/前面有一个额外的/j/音，那同样 显然从拼写上是看不出来的，但是

it's in the pronunciation.

它是在发音里。

"Cheap" has five letters and three sounds.

"Cheap"有五个字母和三个音。

/tʃ/-/iː/-/p/. Wednesday, nine letters, six sounds: /w/-/e/-/n/-/z/-/d/-/eɪ/.

/tʃ/-/iː/-/p/。

Wednesday，九个字母，六个音：/w/-/e/-/n/-/z/-/d/-/eɪ/。

OK, that's the end of the lesson.

好，本节课就到这。

Thank you very much for watching.

非常感谢您的观看。

You can see more of our free lessons on our website, www.oxfordonlineenglish.com.

您可以在我们的网站看到更多的免费课程， www.oxfordonlineenglish.com。

In the video description, you can see a link to the full version of this lesson.

在视频描述里，您可以看到一个链接到 本节课的完整版本。

The full version includes a quiz and the full text, so you can review and practice this

完整的版本包括一个随堂测验和全部的 文字内容，所以您可以复习和做与

topic some more.

这个主题有关的练习。

But that's all.

这就是全部了。

Thanks again for watching.

再次感谢观看。

I'll see you next time.

我们下次见。

Bye bye!

再见！