Learn about the UK political system & elections

Hello. I'm Gill at engVid,

你好。我是engVid的Gill，

and today's lesson is on the British political system.

今天的教训是关于 英国的政治制度。

So, this may be of interest to you if you're interested in politics or... And interested in this country.

所以，如果您感兴趣，这可能是您感兴趣的 在政治或......对这个国家感兴趣。

Maybe you're living here in the UK and would like to understand a little bit more about

也许你住在英国并愿意 喜欢多了解一点

the system, about how the system works, and what all the terminology is, all the vocabulary

关于系统如何工作的系统，以及 所有术语都是什么，所有的词汇

connected with it. So this is just a general introduction to that, and also maybe you're

与它相关联。所以这只是一般性的 对此的介绍，也许你也是

a native English speaker and you're just interested in the subject and would like to hear something

一个母语为英语的人，你只是感兴趣 在主题中，并希望听到一些东西

about it, a sort of general summary. So, here it is.

关于它，一种总结。 所以，在这里。

So, first of all, to begin with the main, big organization that runs the country, who

所以，首先，从主要开始， 管理国家的大型组织，谁

make all of the political decisions, the national parliament and the government. Okay? So, there

做出所有政治决定，国家 议会和政府。好的？所以，那里

are 650 MPs all representing different what are called constituencies. Difficult word

650名议员都代表不同的东西 被称为选区。困难的词

to say, constituency. So the whole country is divided up into these parliamentary constituencies,

说，选区。所以整个国家都是 分成这些议会选区，

and the people who live there register to vote, so everyone has a vote. So depending

和住在那里的人注册 投票，所以每个人都有投票权。所以依赖

on which constituency you live in, you get an opportunity to vote for one of the candidates

你住在哪个选区，你得到一个 投票给其中一名候选人的机会

in each election. Okay, so a candidate is when the elections are held and there may

在每次选举中。好的，所以候选人是 选举举行时可能会举行

be five, or six, or seven, or more candidates all wanting you to vote for them and they

五个，六个，七个或更多候选人 所有人都希望你为他们和他们投票

all represent different political parties, like these which I've written here in different

所有人都代表不同的政党 这些我在这里写的不同

colours because those are the colours associated with those parties. So you get to vote every...

颜色，因为那些是相关的颜色 与这些政党。所以你得到投票...

Usually every five years you can vote for the person you want to have as your local

通常每五年你就可以投票 你想成为当地人的人

MP, Member of Parliament. Okay.

国会议员，国会议员。好的。

So there are 650 altogether MPs, members of parliament representing 650 constituencies,

所以共有650名国会议员 议会代表650个选区，

which is a lot of people, millions of people. Okay. So, out of all of those MPs they are

这是很多人，数百万人。 好的。所以，他们都是那些国会议员

all representing different parties. They're not all from the same party. So, usually these

都代表不同的政党。他们不是 所有来自同一方。所以，通常这些

are the main parties, the ones who actually have MPs in parliament. This party, they only

是主要政党，实际上是谁 在议会中有国会议员。这个派对，他们只

have one MP, so it's quite small. They're a fairly recent political party compared with

有一个MP，所以它很小。他们是一个 相当近期的政党比较

the other ones. They only have one MP. The Green Party, I think maybe only have one MP.

其他的。他们只有一名议员。该 绿党，我想也许只有一个议员。

This depends. I mean, we're in 2017 at the moment, so things can change in politics so

这取决于。我的意思是，我们在2017年 那一刻，所以事情可以在政治上发生变化

it may be different by the time you're watching this lesson.

到时候可能会有所不同 你在看这节课。

So anyway, the main parties are the ones in the middle here, really.

所以无论如何，主要政党是 在这里的中间，真的。

The Liberal Democrats don't have quite so many MPs at the moment,

自由民主党没有 目前有这么多议员，

but I've put them here because they're a fairly

但我把它们放在这里 因为他们是公平的

central party in political terms. What I've done, you've probably heard of the term

中央政党。我有什么 完了，你可能听说过这个词

"left wing" and "right wing", so I've put them in the position, where they belong in terms of

“左翼”和“右翼”，所以我把它们放了 在他们所属的位置

how... How their policies, their opinions relate to left-wing and right-wing views.

怎么......他们的政策，他们的意见如何 涉及左翼和右翼的观点。

So UKIP are quite right wing; Labour or Socialist, and Green are quite left wing; and then you

所以UKIP非常合适;劳工或社会主义者 和格林左翼相当;然后你

have people who are in the middle, Liberal Democrats are fairly middle;

有人在中间， 自由民主党人相当中等;

Conservatives are a little bit more right wing. And these things do change from time to time. You could

保守派有点右翼。和 这些事情不时发生变化。你可以

have a Labour government a few years ago which was actually quite right-wing in the way it...

几年前有一个工党政府 它实际上是非常右翼的......

In the things that it did. But at the moment the Labour leader is quite a left-wing person.

在它做的事情。但此刻 工党领袖是一个左翼人士。

So you have the same name for the party, but their ideas can change or their interests,

所以你的派对名称相同，但是 他们的想法可以改变或他们的兴趣，

or what they want to do can change.

或者他们想要什么 要做的就可以改变。

So, the 650 MPs could come from any of those, as well as national parties because the countries

因此，650 MP可以来自任何一个，如 以及国家党因为这些国家

involved, it's not just England; it's Wales as well, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Okay?

涉及，它不仅仅是英格兰;这是威尔士 好吧，苏格兰和北爱尔兰。好的？

So, there are national parties from Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland specific to

所以，威尔士有国家派对， 苏格兰和北爱尔兰具体到

that country who are MPs for their national party related to that country. And there are

那个国家的国会议员 与该国有关的政党。还有

also a few independent MPs who don't belong to a party, but they have been a candidate,

还有一些不属于的独立国会议员 参加派对，但他们一直是候选人，

an independent candidate, and they were popular enough to be voted for and become an MP. So,

一个独立的候选人，他们很受欢迎 足以被投票并成为议员。所以，

there are other parties, as well as the ones I've written here, the national parties mostly.

还有其他党派，以及其他党派 我在这里写的，主要是国家党派。

So, these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland... Not the rest

所以，这四个国家：英格兰，威尔士， 苏格兰，北爱尔兰......不是其余的

of Ireland, not the Republic of Ireland because they are separate, they're a republic, they're

爱尔兰，而不是爱尔兰共和国，因为 他们是分开的，他们是共和国，他们是

not part of the UK so they have their own system, their own political system. Okay.

不是英国的一部分，所以他们有自己的 制度，他们自己的政治制度。好的。

Right, so the six... 650 MPs all belong to different parties, but you have to form a

是的，所以六个...... 650国会议员都属于 不同的派对，但你必须形成一个

government from that. Usually it's based on who has the majority. At the moment, at the

政府。通常它是基于 谁占多数。目前，在

time... The time speaking now in 2017, the Conservative party has... Is... Is the government

时间... 2017年现在讲的时间了 保守党有...是......是政府吗？

because they have the majority. Majority of... Of seats. These I'll call seats because they sit.

因为他们占多数。大多数...的 席位。这些我称之为座位因为他们坐着。

They sit down in their seat, so it's called a seat. But it means their... Their

他们坐在座位上，所以就是这样 叫座位。但这意味着他们......他们的

position as an MP. They're called seats.

作为议员的地位。 他们被称为座位。

So the Conservatives had a majority of seats, so they formed a government in 2015 when we

所以保守党拥有多数席位， 所以他们在2015年组建了一个政府

had the last general election when the whole country all on one day was voting for their

有整个大选的最后一次大选 所有国家都在一天投票给他们

MP, 2015. The one before that was 2010, so the general elections are usually every five years.

议员，2015年。之前的那个是2010年，所以 大选通常每五年举行一次。

2010, no party had a majority in 2010. So the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats

2010年，没有任何一方在2010年占多数。所以 保守党和自由民主党

got together, and they formed a coalition. So I'll write it here, coalition, meaning

聚在一起，他们组成了一个联盟。 所以我会在这里写一下，联盟，意思

they had to work together to form a government, and to run the country basically. So that

他们必须共同努力组建政府， 并基本上管理国家。以便

was a coalition in 2010, but then the general election 2015 the Conservatives got more seats

是一个联盟在2010年，但随后是将军 选举2015年保守党获得更多席位

and they formed... Had a majority, so they could form a government without the help of

他们形成了...拥有多数，所以他们 可以在没有帮助的情况下组建政府

the Liberal Democrats who lost a lot of seats. They lost a lot of popularity. Okay.

失去了很多的自由民主党人 席位。他们失去了很多人气。好的。

So, there's the Conservative government, and then the Labour Party because they are the

所以，有保守党政府，而且 然后是工党，因为他们是

next biggest party, they are seen and they're called the opposition.

他们是第二大派对 他们被称为反对派。

They are called the opposition party because in a democracy you have your government who are doing things,

他们被称为反对党，因为在一个 民主你有你的政府正在做的事情，

but you need the balance of a party to criticize them and to question everything, and sometimes

但你需要一个党的平衡来批评 他们并质疑一切，有时候

to try to stop them from doing things. So you might wonder:

试图阻止他们做事。 所以你可能会想：

"Does anything ever get done when you've got people trying to do something and other people trying to stop them?"

“当你有人尝试时，有什么事情可以做到 做某事和其他人试图阻止他们？“

So that's the democratic system. It's a bit sort of aggressive, really, but it means everybody's

这就是民主制度。这有点像 好斗的，真的，但这意味着每个人的

opinion is heard that way.

听到这种意见。

Okay, so you can imagine the Green Party is very interested in the environment, that's

好的，你可以想象绿党是 对环境很感兴趣，那就是

why they're called Green. So, Labour traditionally are more interested, really, in what they

为什么他们被称为绿色。所以，传统上是工党 真的，他们更感兴趣

call "working people", except lots and lots of people are working people, but they have

称为“劳动人民”，除了地段和地段 人是劳动人民，但他们有

kind of a class view of that which is perhaps a bit out of date nowadays. We're not divided

也许是一种阶级观点 现在有点过时了。我们没有分裂

into three classes anymore, so it's rather difficult to... And they're in a lot of confusion

进入三个班级，所以更确切地说 难以......而且他们有很多混乱

at the moment because of their new leader. Not everybody is happy with him. Some people

此刻因为他们的新领导人。 不是每个人都对他感到高兴。有些人

love him, some people hate him, so there we are.

爱他，有些人讨厌 他，我们就是这样。

Liberal Democrats, as I say, lost a lot of seats, so they don't have a lot of power at

正如我所说，自由民主党失去了很多 座位，所以他们没有很多权力

the moment. Conservatives have a small majority, so they can do things but with a lot of people

此时此刻。保守派占多数， 所以他们可以做很多人的事情

trying to stop them, and so it goes on.

试图阻止他们， 所以它继续。

U-K-I-P, UKIP as they're called, United Kingdom Independence Party, they were set up specifically

UKIP，UKIP，因为他们被称为英国 独立党，他们是专门成立的

to try to persuade people, the country to leave the European Union. So they were set

试图说服人们，国家来 离开欧盟。所以他们就定了

up years ago, and people at first thought:

几年前和人 起初想：

"This was crazy. Why would we want to leave the European Union?"

“这很疯狂。我们为什么要这样做 离开欧盟？“

but gradually they got more and more, you know, people listening

但渐渐地他们得到了更多 更多，你知道，人们在听

to them, and eventually there was a referendum. So, referendum, where people were given an

对他们来说，最终还有一次全民公决。 所以，公民投票，给人们一个

opportunity to vote: Did they want to stay in the European Union

投票机会：他们是否想要 留在欧盟

or did they want to leave? And it was very close,

还是他们想要离开？ 它非常接近，

but the people who voted to leave was slightly higher than

但投票的人 离开时略高于

the number who wanted to stay, so we are now going through what's called Brexit, which

想要留下的人数，所以我们现在 通过所谓的脱欧，这是

is British exit, the British exit from the EU.

是英国退出， 英国退出欧盟。

It's called Brexit for convenience. So

它被称为Brexit 为了方便。所以

we're now going through a process of Brexit where we are gradually being extracted from

我们现在正在经历英国退欧的过程 在哪里我们逐渐被提取出来

the European Union, taken out of the European Union, but I think it's going to be a very

欧盟退出欧洲联盟 联盟，但我认为这将是非常的

long, slow, complicated process with a lot of negotiations going on. But that's a result

漫长，缓慢，复杂的过程有很多 谈判正在进行中。但那是结果

of the referendum when everybody who wanted to voted one way or the other, and the majority

当所有想要的公民投票时 以某种方式投票，以及大多数投票

wanted to leave so that's what's being done now at the moment. Okay, so...

我想离开，这就是现在的样子 现在就完成了。可以，然后呢...

So UKIP set themselves up especially for this purpose, and now they have succeeded, that

所以UKIP特别为此做好准备 目的，现在他们已经成功了

is going ahead, people wonder:

人们想知道：

"What do they do now? Can they continue as a party?"

“他们现在做了什么？可以 他们继续作为一个聚会？“

It's not very clear, because one, their main leader has stopped being leader and they've had two

它不是很清楚，因为一个人，他们的主要领导者 已经不再是领导者了，他们已经有了两个

new leaders so far who have not been all that successful, so people wonder now whether the

到目前为止，新的领导人并非都如此 成功，所以人们现在想知道是否

UKIP party will continue or whether it will just disappear gradually. Okay, so that's

UKIP党将继续或是否会 只是逐渐消失。好的，那就是

the main national system there.

那里的主要国家体系。

We also have local political systems called local councils. So the area where you live

我们还有当地的政治制度 地方议会。所以你住的地方

in London, for example, there are more than 30 local councils because London is so big.

例如，在伦敦，还有更多 30个地方议会，因为伦敦是如此之大。

London is divided up into council areas. And elections are every four years for councils.

伦敦分为议会区。和 理事会每四年举行一次选举。

The people who are voted for are called councillors. They... Again, each council is divided up

被投票的人被称为议员。 他们......再次，每个理事会都分开了

into smaller areas called wards, so wherever you live in London you are in a ward which

进入较小的区域称为病房，所以无论在哪里 你住在伦敦，你在一个病房

is in a bigger council area, and each ward might have two or three councillors for that ward.

在一个更大的议会区，每个病房都可以 该病房有两三名议员。

So there may be 20 wards in a council area, so there are quite a lot of wards. They're

所以在议会区可能有20个病房， 所以有很多病房。他们是

just smaller areas to help administration to make it easier to deal with. And then with

只是较小的区域，以帮助管理 让它更容易处理。然后用

a council there is often a Mayor as well, the Mayor who is either just chosen by the

理事会经常有市长， 市长或者刚刚被选中的

councillors or some local councils' people can elect the Mayor as well. They have a paper,

议员或一些地方议会的人可以 选举市长也是如此。他们有纸，

voting paper where they can choose their Mayor. And London itself has a much bigger...

选票，他们可以选择他们的 市长。而伦敦本身就有更大的......

The London assembly,

伦敦议会，

and we have a Mayor for London, an overall Mayor of London for the whole London

我们有一位伦敦市长，整体而言 伦敦市长为整个伦敦

area, as well as having mayors in different smaller councils. So there are lots of political

区域，以及不同的市长 较小的理事会。所以有很多政治因素

systems, all one on top of another. Okay.

系统，一个在另一个之上。 好的。

So, finally, just for fun I thought I'd tell you about a party, a political party who have

所以，最后，只是为了好玩，我想我会说 你关于一个政党，一个拥有的政党

never had an MP, but they have had a few councillors and mayors. They're called the Official Monster

从未有过国会议员，但他们有一些议员 和市长。他们被称为官方怪物

Raving Loony Party. A raving loony is a crazy person, so they were... They were called that

狂欢Loony Party。狂热的疯狂是疯狂的 那个人，所以他们......他们被称之为

because they wanted to appear crazy, like very eccentric. Eccentric.

因为他们想要显得疯狂 喜欢非常古怪。偏心。

So, somebody in

所以，有人在

1963, a long time ago, started this party. And his name, it wasn't his real name, but

1963年，很久以前，这个派对开始了。 而他的名字，不是他的真名，而是

he called himself Screaming Lord Sutch, and he used to dress in very strange clothes,

他称自己为Sreaming Lord Sutch，并且 他过去常穿着很奇怪的衣服，

and it was just to make people laugh, really. But it was also as a kind of a protest, and

真的，这只是为了让人们发笑。 但它也是一种抗议，而且

people would vote for them, what's called a protest vote. If people don't like all the

人们会为他们投票，这就是所谓的 抗议投票。如果人们不喜欢所有的

other candidates and they don't like what all the main political parties are doing,

其他候选人和他们不喜欢什么 所有主要政党都在做，

they might vote for a crazy party like this as a protest vote to say:

他们可能投票给一个疯狂的派对 像这样抗议投票说：

"Well, we prefer that crazy person in the funny clothes to these serious political people

“好吧，我们更喜欢这个有趣的人 衣服给这些认真的政治人物

who don't seem to be helping us very much."

谁似乎不是 非常帮助我们。“

So that's sometimes what has happened. So they've never had an

所以这有时会发生什么。 所以他们从未有过

MP in parliament, they've never had enough votes for that, but sometimes in a local council

国会议员，他们从来没有足够的选票 为此，但有时在地方议会

people disliked the local councillors so much that they decided to vote for the Official

人们非常不喜欢当地议员 他们决定投票给官员

Monster Raving Loony Party instead, and a few councillors were actually elected, and

Monster Raving Loony Party代替了 实际上很少有议员当选，而且

one of them, maybe one or two even became the Mayor of their local council, and perhaps

其中一个，也许一两个甚至成了 他们的地方议会的市长，也许

they did a good job. So when you see on television sometimes when there has been an election

他们做得很好。所以当你在电视上看到 有时当选举时

and then people stay up very late at night and into the early hours of the morning counting

然后人们熬夜很晚 到了早上的凌晨

the votes, and then eventually all the candidates are standing on a stage, and somebody from

投票，然后最终所有候选人 站在舞台上，有人来自

the local council is announcing how many votes each candidate received. One of those candidates

地方议会正在宣布多少票 每位候选人都收到其中一名候选人

may be from this party, and they're very easy to spot, to notice because they are dressed

可能来自这个派对，他们很容易 发现，注意因为他们穿着

in a very colourful costume usually of some sort or another, very colourful and maybe

在一个非常丰富多彩的服装通常是一些 排序或其他，非常丰富多彩，也许

with a big, funny hat or something. So, you can spot the Raving Monster Loony candidate

戴着一顶又大又搞笑的帽子。那么你 可以发现Raving Monster Loony的候选人

just by looking, and they stand there waiting to hear how many votes they've received. So

只是通过观察，他们站在那里等待 听听他们收到了多少票。所以

that sort of brightens things up when people are a bit tired of politics, which is going

那种让人兴奋的事情 对政治有点厌倦了

on all the time, so it's easy to get tired of it because there's always something happening.

在所有的时间里，所以很容易厌倦 它因为总会发生一些事情。

So, okay, so that's just a very simple overview, really, but I hope... I hope it's been useful

所以，好吧，这只是一个非常简单的概述， 真的，但我希望...我希望它有用

for you with a bit of vocabulary and a bit of information you may not have known about before.

为你提供一点词汇和一点点 您以前可能不知道的信息。

So, do go to the website: www.engvid.com where there's a quiz on this subject.

那么，请访问网站：www.engvid.com 哪个地方有关于这个主题的测验。

Thanks for watching, and see you again soon.

谢谢观看，和 很快再见。

Bye.

再见。