Learn English Grammar: What’s the difference between ACTIVE & PASSIVE?

Hello, I'm Gill at www.engvid.com , and today's lesson is on the active voice and the passive

Zdravo, ja sam Džil sa www.engvid.com, i danačnji čas je u vezi sa aktivnim i pasivnim stanjem.

voice, and this is in response to a request that someone left on the YouTube comments

Ovo je kao odgovor na zahtjev nekoga ko je tražio u YT komentarima

to explain the difference and why do we use active or passive, okay?

tražio da se objasni razlika i zašto koristimo aktiv ili pasiv, u redu?

So, here is an explanation.

Pa, ovdje je objašnjenje.

So, normally, it's best to use the active voice.

Tako, uobičajeno je najbolje koristiti aktivno stanje.

It's easier, and it tells you more.

Ono je lakše i više nam kaže.

It tells you who did the action, if you use the active.

Znamo ko je izvršio radnju, ukoliko koristimo aktiv.

If you start using the passive, it can become a little bit complicated how to put the words

Ako počnete koristiti pasiv, može biti pomalo komplikovano kako da poređate

together, so the active voice is "The boy kicked the ball.".

riječi, tako da je u aktivu rečenica: Dječak je šutnuo loptu.

So, "kicked" is the verb, "the boy" is the subject, because he did the action, he did

Šutnuo je glagol, dječak je subjekat, jer je on vršilac radnje.

the kicking, and the ball receives the action, so the ball is the object, so we've got subject,

On je šutnuo. Lopta prima radnju, tako da je ona objekat. Tako, mi imamo subjekat, glagol i objekat.

verb, object.

A simple, active sentence, okay?

Jedna prosta aktivna rečenica je to, u redu?

So, you know who did the action and you know also something that received the action.

Vi znate ko je izvšio radnju, i znate ko ili šta je primio/lo radnju.

So, if you turn that into the passive, it sounds a little bit strange.

Kada je pretvarate u pasivnu reče, ona zvuči po malo čudno.

You wouldn't, normally.

Obično je ne biste pretvarali u pasivnu.

Well, there might be a reason, but I'll give you that in a minute.

Dobro, tu mora biti razlog, ali ću vam dati razlog za koju minutu.

So, if you change it to passive, you make the object the subject of the sentence.

Tako, kada je promijenite u pasivnu, objekat aktivne rečenice je subjekat pasivne rečenice.

You start with the ball as the subject.

Vi počinjete sa loptom, kao subjektom aktivne rečenice.

It's all about the ball now, what happened to the ball?

Sve je u vezi s loptom, šta joj se desilo?

"The ball was kicked."

Lopta je šutnuta.

The ball was kicked, and you could add, you can add "by the boy", the boy did the kicking,

Mogli biste dodati, možete dodati "od strane dječaka", dječak je izvršio to šutiranje.

"The ball was kicked by the boy.", or you can just say "The ball was kicked."

Lopta je šutnuta od strane dječaka, ili možete samo reći: Lopta je šutnuta.

One reason why you might say it that way is if a ball is kicked by somebody and it breaks

Jedan razlog zbog koga biste to rekli na taj način je ako je loptu šutnuo neko i ona slomi

a window and you don't know who kicked it, then that's all you can say.

prozor i ti ne znaš ko je šutnuo, onda je to sve što možeš reći.

You could say "Somebody kicked the ball.", so "somebody" would become the subject, but

Mogli biste reći: Neko je šutnuo loptu. Tako bi neko postao subjekat.

you could also turn it into the passive and say "The ball was kicked and it broke the

Ali biste vi to mogli pretvoriti u pasivno stanje i rekli bi: Lopta je šutnuta, i polomila je prozor,

window, it hit the window and broke it.", so that's sometimes a reason for using passive,

ona je udarila prozor i polomila ga je. Tako da je to po nekad razlog za upotrebu pasiva.

because you don't know, sometimes we don't know who did the action, so you can't say

Jer vi ne znate, po nekad, mi ne znamo ko je izvršio radnju, tako da ne možete reći ko je to uradio,

who did it, so you may have to use passive because of that.

tako da ćete možda morati da upotrijebite pasiv zbog tog razloga.

Or, maybe you - perhaps you do know who did it, but you don't want to say.

Ili, možda vi znate ko je to uradio, ali ne želite reći.

Again, you don't want to get somebody into trouble.

Između ostalog, vi ne želite nekoga da uvalite u probleme.

It could be something like that.

Može biti nešto tako.

You don't want to say who did it, or sometimes it's just not important for that piece of

Vi ne želite reći ko je to uradio, ili, po nekad, nije bitan taj podatak.

information, it may not be important who did it, okay?

Možda je nebitno ko je to uradio.

So, the main thing is that the - with the active voice, the agent of the verb, the person

Glana suština je - u aktivu je vršilac radnje osoba

who does the action, here is "the boy", and the recipient, so the agent is the subject

koja obavlja radnju, ovdje je dječak primalac, tako da je vršilac subjekat

and the recipient of the action is the object in the active sentence, okay?

i primalac radnje je objekat u aktivnoj rečenici.

But then, that changes in the passive.

Ali međutim, to se mijenja u pasivu.

So, let's just look at some more - that's a strange example, really, but let's look

Pa, hajde da vidimo još njih - to je čudan primjer, zaista, ali hajde da pogledamo

at some quite normal examples of how the passive is often used, okay?

neke poprilično normalne primjere česte upotrebe pasiva, može?

So, if you order something on the internet, you might get a confirmation to say "We've

Tako, ako nešto poručiš preko interneta, moguće je da ćeš dobiti potvrdu koja kaže " Mi smo

received your order, we've received your payment, we are going to deliver your order, we are

primili vašu porudžbu, primili smo vašu uplatu, dostavićemo vašu porudžbu, mi vam je šaljemo."

sending it.", but they might put it this way: Your order will be sent by standard delivery,

Ali oni to mogu ovako sastaviti: Vaša porudžba će biti poslata uobičajenom dostavom,

for example.

na primjer.

They could say "We will send your order", but very often, they use this passive form,

Oni bi mogli reći " Poslaćemo vašu porudžbu", ali veoma često oni koriste ovaj pasivni oblik,

"Your order will be sent", that's just the sort of style that is often used when you're

" Vaša porudžba će biti poslata", ovo jejedan tip stila koji se često koristi kada poručujete stvari.

ordering things that way.

So, that's passive.

Tako, to je pasiv.

These are all passive examples.

Sve ovo su primjeri pasiva.

Your order will be sent, okay?

Vaša porudžba će biti poslata, u redu?

Another one, if you're looking at a house and it might be old or, this isn't very old,

Još jedan primjer, ako tražite kuću, i ona je možda stara, ili, ona nije veoma stara,

but it could be much older, but you're not particularly interested in who the builder

ali vas konkretno ne interesuje ko je tada izgradio, ali želite znati-

was at the time, but you want to know - you're interested to know how old is the house, when

koliko je stara kuća, kada je sagrađena, i tako dalje:

was it built, so: This house was built in 1960.

Ova kuća je sagrađena 1960. godine.

So, it would be very unusual to know, going back so far in time, the name of the - well,

Tako, bilo bi neobično znati, idući nazad u to doba, ime - dobro,

it wouldn't just be one builder, it would be lots of builders, so maybe a company name

to ne bi bio jedan graditelj, bilo bi više graditelja, tako da možda ime firme

or something like that, a building firm - but it would be unusual to know so far back in

ili nešto nalik tome, građevinska firma - ali bi bilo neuobičajeno da znate toliko natrag u prošlosti,

the past, what company of builders built the house and also, that's not your main concern.

koja graditelska firma je izgradila kuću i takođe, to nije vaša glavna briga.

This is where it's not so important, you just want to know when the house was built and

Zapravo, ovdje to nije toliko bitno, ti samo želiš znati kada je kuća bila izgrađena i

how old it is, so "This house was built in 1960", and that gives you the information

koliko je stara, tako " Ova kuća je bila izgrađena 1960. godine. " i to ti daje podatke koje želiš znati.

you want to know.

Okay, right.

Dobro, tako.

So, then another example, somebody has lost his car.

Pa, onda još jedan primjer, neko je izgubio svoje auto.

You say: His car has been stolen.

Ti kažeš : Njegovo auto je ukradeno.

He left it parked in the street and, overnight, it has disappeared.

On ga je parkirao na ulici, i, preko noći, ono je nestalo.

It looks as if it has been stolen, so in this kind of, you know, a crime has been committed,

Izgleda kao da je ono ukradeno, tako ovdje, na neki način je zločin bio počinjen,

probably, somebody has taken his car, but some - it's very unlikely that you would know

vjerovatno je neko uzeo njegovo auto, ali - malo je moguće da ćete vi znati ko je to uradio.

who did it.

The main issue here is that his car has been stolen and he needs to do something about

Glavni problem - njegovo auto je ukradeno i on mora nešto da uradi povodom toga.

it.

He needs to report it to the police, to his insurance company, etc.

On mora to prijaviti policiji, njegovoj osiguravajućoj firmi, itd.

So, of course, it is important in one way to know who did that, you would like to know

Naravno, na neki način, ko je to uradio, ti bi želio znati, da bi kaznio osobu koja je to počinila,

to be able to punish the person who did it, but in the immediate, you know, moment of

ali neposredno, momenat kad si saznao da je auto nestalo,

finding the car has gone, the main thing is to know that the car has been stolen.

glavno je znati da je auto ukradeno.

That's the main important point.

To je bitna, glavna, suština.

Okay.

U redu.

So, you don't - you can't say who stole it, because you don't know, okay.

Tako, ti ne možeš reći ko je ukrao, jer ne znaš.

Right.

Tako.

So, then, with the book, if you have a book that you're reading, "The book was published

Tako, ako imate knjigu koju čitate, " Knjiga je izdata prošle godine."

last year.", okay?

So, you might want to say the name of the publisher, but normally, you might want to

Tako, možda želite reći ime izdavača, ali obično vi želite znati

know how old is this book, so that's the main point you want to get across or to know, oh,

koliko je knjiga stara, tako da je to glavna suština, s koku želite da prenesete, ili znate

it was published last year.

da je bila objavljena prošle godine.

It's a very recent book, it's a new novel or something like that.

To je sadašnja knjiga, to je novi roman ili nešto slično.

So, it was published last year.

Tako, izdata je prošle godine.

So, it's quite a recent book.

To je skorašnja knjiga.

That's the main thing.

To je najbitnije.

You're not too bothered about who the publisher was.

Nista baš zabrinuti ko je izdavač.

You might be interested to know who the author is, but that name will be on the cover, so

Možda želite znati ko je autor, ali ime će biti na koricama, tako

that's fine.

to je u redu.

But, just to say that it was published very recently, "was published" is passive, okay?

Samo da kažemo da je knjiga skoro izdata, "je izdata" je pasiv, u redu?

Somebody published it, but you're not saying who.

Neko je izdao, ali vi ne govorite ko je to.

Right.

And then, another very familiar set of wording: In the exam, you will be tested on... okay,

Onda, jedan poznati način izražavanja: Na testiranju, biće testiran...

on spelling and grammar, whatever it is, on your fluency in English, anything like that.

vaš pravopis i gramatika, šta god u vezi sa tačnim znanjem engleskog, sve u vezi s tim.

They could say "We will test you on", if, in the exam, "We will test you on", that would

Oni mogu reći " Testiraćemo vas", ako ste na ispitu.

be the active form, but here, quite often, with exam information, it's put in the passive

To bi bio aktivni oblik. Ali, poprilično često, sa podacima u vezi ispita je satavljeno u pasivnom obliku.

to be less sort of personal, a little bit more distant.

Da bilo manje lično, a više udaljeno.

There's a kind of distance, really, with the passive voice.

Neka vrsta udaljenosti se postiže pasivnim stanjem.

So, "In the exam, you will be tested on ..." is passive.

" Na ispitu ćete biti testirani..." je pasiv.

And then, finally, in this half of the lesson, somebody is going to a party and they ask

I, na kraju, u ovoj polovini lekcije neko ide na zabavu i pitaju te

you "Are you going to Jack's party?", and, oh, you say, party?

" Ideš li na Džekovu zabavu?", i ti kažeš, zabavu?

Oh, ah, "I haven't been invited to the party".

Hm, "Ja nisam bio pozvan na zabavu."

You're not sort of saying "Oh Jack, Jack, he hasn't invited me!

Vi ne govorite "O, Džek, Džek, on me nije pozvao! Uh!"

Ah!"

So, you feel a bit, you know, you don't really want to say, because you don't want to sound

Tako da se ti osjećaš po malo, znaš, zaista ne želiš reći, jer ne želiš da zvuči kao da

as if you're angry with Jack for not inviting you, but "haven't been invited", you're sort

si ljut na Džeka, jer te nije pozvao, ali " biti pozvan", ti se udaljavaš u toj situaciji

of keeping a distance from the situation and saying "Well, no, I'm not going, actually,

govoreći " Pa, ne, ne idem, zapravo, jer nisam bio pozvan,

because I haven't been invited, so, you know, I have other things to do anyway, so that's

znaš, svakako imam druge stvari da odradim, tako da je sve u redu.", i ti si, na neki način dao taktičan odgovor.

alright.", and you sort of tactfully reply.

So, to use the passive there is a sort of tactful - if you're trying to be tactful,

Da bi koristili pasiv, treba postojati taktika - ako želite biti taktični,

diplomatic - then you might you use the passive, again, because you don't want to say, you

diplomate (vješti) - onda možda upotrijebite pasiv, ponovo, jer ne želite reći,

don't want to give a name of who.

ne želite dati ime.

Who was it, who didn't invite you, sometimes it's somebody who doesn't do something, just

Ko je to bio, ko te nije pozvao, po nekda je taj neko ko ne radi nešto, isto koliko i

as much as someone who does do something.

neko ko radi nešto.

So, it works both ways.

Tako, pasiv ide u oba slučaja.

Okay, so I hope that that gives you some useful examples of how the active and the passive

Dobro, tako, ja se nadam da su ovo neki korisni primjeri kako su aktiv i pasiv različiti,

are different, and we'll just move onto the second part of the lesson now, where I have

i sada ćemo preći na drugi dio ovog predavanja, gdje imam mali test za vas.

a little test for you.

Okay, so let's do a little test, and here I've written some sentences which are active

Hajde da uradimo mali test, ovdje sam za vas napisala aktivne rečenice.

sentences and I'd like you to try to put them into the passive, okay?

Voljela bih da ih prebacite u pasiv.

So, let's just run through them first: Someone asked me to repair the window.

Hajde da ih, prvo, prođemo. Neko mi je tražio da popravim prozor.

That's the broken window that the ball hit.

To je slomljeni prozor koji je udarila lopta.

The chef told us to clean the kitchen before starting to cook.

Glavni kuvar nam je rekao da očistimo kuhinju prije nego počnemo s kuvanjem.

Active.

Aktiv.

"The chef" is the subject.

"Glavni kuvar" je subjekat.

Jack didn't invite me to his party.

Džek me nije pozvao na njegovu žurku.

The artist created this sculpture in 1950.

Umjetnik je izvajao ovu skulpturu 1950. godine.

The marketing firm paid me to hand out leaflets in the street.

Reklamna firma mi je platila da podijelim ove letke na ulici.

I'll explain some of the vocabulary as well as we go through, don't worry if there's a

Objasniću neke riječi, dok budemo radili, ne brinite ako ima riječi koju ne znate.

word you don't know.

So, the milliner, that's someone who makes hats, made this hat last year, and Someone

Modistkinja/ šeširdžija , to je neko ko pravi šešire. Modistkinja je napravila ovaj šešir prošle godine.

asked me to explain active and passive verbs.

Neko mi je tražio da objasnim aktivne i pasivne glagole.

Okay, so those are all active sentences.

To su sve aktivne rečenice.

Let's now change them to passive.

Hajde da ih prebacimo u pasivne.

So, first of all, "Someone asked me to repair", or fix, "the window.", the broken window.

Prije svega, " Neko mi je tražio da popravim" , ili namjestim, "prozor", slomljeni prozor.

So, how do you turn that into passive?

Kako to prebacate u pasiv?

So, I'm the object here, someone asked me, so we have to change "me" to the subject.

Ja sam ovdje objekat, neko mi je tražio, tako da sebe moram da prebacim u subjekta.

So, "me" in the subject is "I", okay?

"Meni" kao subjekat je "ja".

So, we have to take away "someone" and say "I" and then it's past tense, so "I was asked",

Moramo uklonitI neko. Rećićemo "ja", to je prosto prošlo vrijeme, i biće "Ja sam bio pitan",

take out "me", and there we have it.

uklonićemo "meni", i to je to.

This is now the passive: I was asked, without saying who did the asking, I was asked to

Ovo je pasiv: Pitali su me, bez pominjanja ko je pitao, ja sam bio upitan da popravim taj prozor.

repair the window.

So, now that's passive.

Sada je to pasiv.

Right.

So, then, the chef, the guy, usually a man, in charge of a big kitchen, a restaurant kitchen

Chef, čovjek, obično muškarac koji je glavni u kuhinji, u restoranu, kuhiji,

or a big industrial kitchen, "The chef told us to clean the kitchen before starting to

ili velikoj industrijskoj kuhinji.

cook."

So, "The chef told us", here, we are the object, but we need to change "us" to the subject,

" Glavni kuvar nam je rekao", tu smo mi objekat, "nama" trebamo da promijenimo u subjekat.

so just like "me" to "I", it goes "us" to "we", okay?

"Nam" prelazi u "mi".

So, "We", and its past tense again, so we need "We were told - We were told to clean

"Mi", ponovo u prostom prošlom vremenu, "Rečeno nam je da očistimo kuhinju

the kitchen before starting to cook.", okay?

prije početka kuvanja."

That's now passive.

To je pasiv, sada.

Next one, here's Jack again with his party.

Sledeća, ponovo Džek s njegovom žurkom.

Jack didn't invite me to his party.

Džek me nije pozvao na njegovu zabavu.

So, how do you say that without mentioning Jack's name?

Kako to kažemo bez pominjanja Džekovog imena?

So, "me" is the object again, we have to turn "me" into the subject, just like here.

"Mene" je ponovo objekat. "Mene" moramo prebaciti u subjekatski oblik, kao ovdje.

So, "I was", and if we follow the abbreviated form here, "I wasn't", "I wasn't invited to

"Ia sam bio", i ako ovdje pratimo skraćeni oblik, "ja nisam bio"..., "Ja nisam bio pozvan na

-" oh, then we can mention Jack, if you like, "to the party", or "to Jack's party".

- "o, onda možemo pomenuti Džeka, ako želimo, "na zabavu", ili "na Džekovu zabavu".

You can choose whether to mention Jack or not.

Vi možete odabrati da li da pomenete Džeka, ili ne.

So, "I wasn't invited to Jack's party.", or "to the party", that is now passive, okay?

" Ja nisam bio pozvan na Džekovu zabavu.", ili "na zabavu". To je pasiv.

Right.

Tako.

Then, "The artist", subject, "created this sculpture", a sort of stone or metal sculpture

Potom, " Umjetnik", subjekat, "je izvajao ovu skulpuru", neku vrstu kamene ili metalne skulpture

in an art gallery, three-dimensional piece work of art, "in 1950".

u umjetničkoj galeriji, trodimenzionalni primjer umjetničkog djela, "1950. godine"

So, this sculpture is the object here, we need to turn it into the subject.

Ova skulptura je objekat, i trebamo ga upotrijebiti kao subjekat.

So, we need to begin the sentence "This sculpture", take out "the artist", "This sculpture was

Trebamo otpočeti rečenicu sa "Ova skulptura", ukloniti "umjetnik".

created in 1950."

" Ova skulptura je bila izvajana 1950. godine."

This sculpture was created in 1950, and now that's passive, okay?

Sada je ovo pasiv.

And the sculpture is the subject rather than the artist.

Skulptura je subjekat, prije nego umjetnik.

Next one: The marketing firm paid me to hand out leaflets - advertising pieces of paper

Sledeća: leaflets- reklamni komad papira

with adverts on - in the street.

sa reklamama na njoj.

So, a publicity company, marketing, an advertising company, paid me some money to hand out leaflets

Publicistička firma, reklamna, oglasna firma, mi je platila nešto novca da podijelim letke

to people in the street, okay?

ljudima na ulici.

So, "me", I'm the object here, and again, like this up here, we need to make "me" the

"Mi"... Ja sam ovdje objekat, i ponovo, kao ovdje gore, moramo ga pretvoriti u subjekat.

subject, so "I", take out "the marketing firm", "I", and again, "was", "I was paid - I was

"Ja", uklanjamo "reklamna firma", "ja", i ponovo, "sam bio plaćen da podijelim

paid to hand out leaflets in the street."

letke na ulici."

And now that's passive, okay.

To je sada pasiv.

Right.

Tako.

Next one: The milliner, the hat maker, The milliner made this hat last year.

Sledeće: Modistkinja, šeširdžija. Šeširdžija je prošle godine napravio ovaj šešir.

So, "the milliner" is the subject, the hat is the object.

"Šeširdžija" je subjekat. "Šešir" je objekat.

We need to turn the hat into the subject, so again, we start with this, "This hat was

Treba da nam šešir bude subjekat. Ponovimo, počinjemo sa "Ovaj šešir je bio napravljen prošle godine."

made last year.", and you don't say who made it because the hat is now the subject: The

Vi ne kažete ko ga je napravio, jer je šešir sada subjekat.

hat was made last year.

Šešir je napravljen prošle godine.

That's now passive, okay?

To je sada pasiv.

And finally: Someone on YouTube asked me to explain active and passive verbs.

Na kraju: Neko s YouTube me pitao da objasnim aktivne i pasivne glagole.

And that's what I've done, so they asked me, so again, "me" is the object, but we're going

To je ovo što sam ovdje objasnila. "Mene" je objekat, ali mi ćemo

to turn "me" into the subject, so "I was asked to explain active and passive verbs."

ga pretvoriti u subjekatski oblik. "Ja sam bila pitana da objsnim aktivne i pasivne glagole."

So, I hope I've done it in a way that is nice and simple to understand and easy to follow

Nadam se da sam ovo fino i prosto objasnila, da shvatite i lako pratite kako

how to change from one to the other.

da pretvorite iz jednog oblika u drugi.

Okay, so, just to mention also, there's a very good lesson by Emma on the way politicians

Dobro, da takođe pomenem, tu je dobro Emino predavanje kako političari koriste

use passive forms of verbs and the way politicians do that to avoid responsibility for something

pasivne oblike glagola, da bi izbjegli odgovornost za nešto

bad that happened, so do look out for Emma's lesson on that.

loše što se dogodilo, odgledajte Emino predavnje u vezi sa tim.

So, if you'd like to go the website www.engvid.com , there's a quiz on this subject, so please

Ako želite da odete na sajt www.engvid.com, tu imate kviz u vezi sa ovom temom, molim vas probajte,

give that a try, see how you do, and thank you for watching and see you again next time.

vidite kako to radite, i hvala vam na gledanju, i vidimo se sledeći put, ponovo.

Bye for now.

Pozdravljam, za sada.