The technology of translation - 6 Minute English

142,798 views ใƒป 2022-06-09

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Rob. ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
And Iโ€™m Sam. Rob, Iโ€™m writing a letter to a friend in Spain ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob, ์ €๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
00:15
and I need some help. Do you know the Spanish for, โ€˜itโ€™s rainingโ€™? ย 
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์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:19
Donโ€™t worry, I have this new app ... I just hold up my phone, scan the wordย 
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ƒˆ ์•ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:24
I want translated, uh, 'esta lloviendoโ€™,
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. 'esta lloviendo'
00:27
is the Spanish for, โ€˜itโ€™s rainingโ€™. Amazing! In this programme weโ€™re discussing
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๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ผ์šด! ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:32
language technologies โ€“ computers that can
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์–ธ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ฆ‰ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
translate between languages. Modern software like Google Translate ย 
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. Google ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ตœ์‹  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด
00:39
has transformed how we learn foreign languages, bringing us closer to a world ย 
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๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
00:44
where language is no longer a barrier to communication. ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
But how well do these computers knowย  what we really mean to say? ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:52
Later weโ€™ll find out exactly what machines can and canโ€™t translate, ย 
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ
00:57
and, as usual, weโ€™ll be learning some new vocabulary as well. ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
But first I have a question for you, Sam. The translation app I used just now isย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ์•ฑ์€
01:05
very recent, but thereโ€™s a
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๋งค์šฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:07
long history of computer mistranslations - times when computers got it badly wrong. ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
In 1987, the American airline, Braniff, ran television adverts promoting ย 
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1987๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ธ Braniff ๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ์—
01:18
the all-leather seats installed on their flights to Mexico. ย 
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์„ค์น˜๋œ 100% ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์ขŒ์„์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
But how was its โ€œfly in leatherโ€ advertising slogan mistranslated into Spanish? ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ" ๊ด‘๊ณ  ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:28
Did the advert say: a) fly in lava ย 
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๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? a) ์šฉ์•” ์†์„
01:32
b) fly on a cow c) fly naked ย 
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๋‚ ๋‹ค b) ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‚ ๋‹ค c) ์•Œ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ๋‹ค
01:35
Hmm, I have a feeling it might be, c) fly naked. ย 
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ํ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Ok, Sam. Iโ€™ll reveal the correct answer later in the programme. ย 
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์ข‹์•„, ์ƒ˜. ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Computer software used to rely on rules-based translation, ย 
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๊ทœ์น™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด
01:48
applying the grammar rules of one language to another. ย 
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์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด.
01:51
That worked fine for simple words and phrases but what happens when a translator ย 
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ž
01:56
comes across more complex language for example metaphors ย 
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๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์€์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด
02:00
- expressions used to describe one thing by comparing it to another. ย 
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๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:05
Lane Greene is a language journalist and the author of the book,
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Lane Greene์€ ์–ธ์–ด ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ด์ž
02:09
Talk on the Wild Side. Here he explains to BBC
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Talk on the Wild Side๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์˜ ์ €์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC
02:13
Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth, how apps like Google Translate ย 
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๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ ์— Google ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์„
02:18
allow users to manually translate metaphors: If I say, โ€˜itโ€™s raining cats and dogsโ€™ ย 
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ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์€์œ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ '๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
02:25
and it literally translates, โ€˜esta lloviendo perros y gatosโ€™ ย 
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด ' esta lloviendo perros y gatos'
02:29
in Spanish, that wonโ€™t make any sense, but I think somebody at Google ย 
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ Google์˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ '
02:32
will have inputted the phrase, โ€˜lueve a cรกntarosโ€™ which is the phrase, ย 
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lueve a cรกntaros'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
02:37
โ€˜itโ€™s raining pitchersโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™s raining jugs of waterโ€™, ย 
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it's raining pitchers' ๋˜๋Š” 'it's raining jugs of water
02:40
so that the whole chunk, โ€˜raining cats and dogsโ€™, ย 
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' ์ฒญํฌ, ' ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ'
02:43
is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish. ย 
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๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์€์œ ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Lane wants to translate the phrase, ย 
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Lane์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋” ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
02:50
itโ€™s raining cats and dogs, something that people sometimes say ย 
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it's raining cats and dogs๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
when itโ€™s raining heavily. It wouldnโ€™t make sense to translate this ย 
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:57
phrase into another language literally, word by word. One solution is to translate ย 
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. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€
03:03
the whole idiom as a chunk, or a large part of text or language. ย 
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์ „์ฒด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒญํฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
This works for phrases and idioms that people regularly use in the same way ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ํ•™์Šต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ˆ™์–ด
03:14
because they can be taught to a computer. But what happens when someone like a poet ย 
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์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
03:19
writes a completely new sentence which has never been written before? ย 
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์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์“ด ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:23
Lane Greene thinks that even the smartest software ย 
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Lane Greene
03:26
couldnโ€™t deal with that, as he told Michael Rosen, ย 
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03:28
poet and presenter of BBC Radio 4โ€™s Word of Mouth: ย 
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์€ BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž์ด์ž ์‹œ์ธ์ธ Michael Rosen
03:33
โ€ฆif a poet writes a new one then the machine is not going to pick it up, ย 
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์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ,
03:37
and itโ€™s going to have a struggle, isnโ€™t it? Sorry, Iโ€™m sticking up for poetry here ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธ
03:41
and trying to claim that itโ€™s untranslatable โ€“ can you hear what Iโ€™m doing? ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?
03:44
I hear you, and in a war against the machines, our advantage is novelty and creativity. ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ์ฐธ์‹ ํ•จ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So youโ€™re right that machines will be great at anything that is rote, ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Šฅํ• 
03:53
anything thatโ€™s already been done a million times can be automated. ย 
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๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—… ์€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So you and I with our pre-frontal cortexes can try to come up with phrases ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:02
thatโ€™ll flummox the computer and so keep our jobs. ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
When we say machines โ€œlearnโ€ a language, we really mean they have been trained ย 
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ 'ํ•™์Šต'ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„
04:11
to identify patterns in millions and millions of translations. ย 
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๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์—์„œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Computers can only learn by rote - by memory in order to repeat information ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:21
rather than to properly understand it. This kind of rote learning ย 
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. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•”๊ธฐ ํ•™์Šต
04:26
can be easily automated - done by machines instead of humans. ย 
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์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
But itโ€™s completely different from human learning requiring creative thinking ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:34
which would flummox โ€“ or confuse, even the most sophisticated machine. ย 
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.
04:39
Bad news for translation software, but good news for humans ย 
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:43
who use different languages in their jobs โ€“ like us! ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:47
Yes, if only Braniff Airlines had relied on human translators, ย 
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์˜ˆ, Braniff Airlines๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ–ˆ๋”
04:50
they might have avoided an embarrassing situation. ย 
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๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚œ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Ah, in your question you asked how Braniffโ€™s television advertisement ย 
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์•„, ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” Braniff์˜ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ธ
04:58
โ€œfly in leatherโ€ was translated into Spanish. I guessed it was mistranslated as โ€œfly nakedโ€™. ย 
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"fly in leather"๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด "fly naked"๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Which wasโ€ฆ the correct answer! Braniff translated its "fly in leather" slogan ย 
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ดโ€ฆ ์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! Braniff๋Š” 'fly in leather' ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด
05:11
as fly "en cuero," which sounds like
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์„ fly 'en cuero'๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
05:14
Spanish slang for "fly nakedโ€. OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary ย 
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'fly naked'๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด ์†์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
05:19
from this programme about language translations ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ
05:22
which are automated - done by machines instead of humans. ย 
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์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Often found in poetry, a metaphor is a way of describing ย 
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์‹œ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์€์œ ๋Š”
05:30
something by reference to something else. When itโ€™s raining heavily ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด
05:34
you might use the idiom, itโ€™s raining cats and dogs! ย 
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์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. it's raining cats and dogs
05:38
A chunk is a large part of something. Rote learning involves memorising information ย 
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! ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ•™์Šต์—๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
which you repeat but donโ€™t really understand. And finally, if someone is flummoxed, ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
05:50
theyโ€™re so confused that they donโ€™t know what to do! ย 
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๋‹นํ™ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:54
Once again our six minutes are up! Join us again soon for more trending topics ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”
05:59
and useful vocabulary here at 6 Minute English. ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜.
06:02
Goodbye for now! Bye!
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์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋…•! ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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