Personalised diets - 6 Minute English

110,736 views ใƒป 2022-01-20

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:03
Hello.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:08
This is 6 Minute English from
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
00:10
BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
I'm Sam.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
And I'm Neil.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
In recent years new diets with names
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่ฟ‘ๅนด
00:16
like 'vegan', 'keto' and 'paleo' have
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒฌใ‚ชใ€ใชใฉใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆŒใคๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆ
00:19
become very popular.
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ใŒ้žๅธธใซไบบๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:20
Are you a
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
00:22
vegetarian, Neil?
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่œ้ฃŸไธป็พฉ่€…ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ๏ผŸ
00:23
Do you follow
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00:24
any particular diet?
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ไฝ•ใ‹็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:25
Well, I eat lots of fresh fruit
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใชๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„้‡Ž่œใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้ฃŸในใฆใ€ใŸใพใซ
00:28
and vegetables and only a little
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00:30
meat from time to time.
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่‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Well, while many diets claim to
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ๅคšใใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใฏ
00:34
improve health or help you
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ๅฅๅบทใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ“้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:36
lose weight, recent research
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ใŒใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใงใฏใ€้‡่ฆใชใฎ
00:38
shows that what counts is not
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ใฏ
00:40
what you eat but how
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ไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ไฝ“ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„
00:41
your body reacts.
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ใพใ™.
00:43
Yes, and that reaction doesn't
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅๅฟœ
00:45
happen where you might think - not
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00:47
in the brain, or tongue, or even
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ใฏใ€่„ณใ‚„่ˆŒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ
00:49
the stomach, but in the gut - another
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ใฏ่ƒƒใงใฏใชใใ€่…ธใฎๅˆฅใฎ
00:52
name for the intestines - the
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ๅๅ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€้ฃŸ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆถˆๅŒ–
00:54
long tube inside your body
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ใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ“ๅ†…ใฎ้•ทใ„็ฎกใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:56
which digests food.
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.
00:58
Inside everyone's gut are millions
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ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใฎ่…ธใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ไฝ•็™พไธ‡ใ‚‚ใฎๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:00
of microbes - tiny living organisms,
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01:03
too small to see without a
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ใ€้ก•ๅพฎ้กใชใ—ใงใฏๅฐใ•ใ™ใŽใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ๅฐใ•ใช็”Ÿ็‰ฉ
01:05
microscope.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Some of them are good
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:07
for us, some bad.
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ใ€‚
01:10
Microbes help digest food, but
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ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฏ้ฃŸ็‰ฉใฎๆถˆๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใŒ
01:11
they influence our bodies more
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไปฅไธŠใซ็งใŸใกใฎไฝ“ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™
01:13
than we know.
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01:14
Think of them as
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
01:15
chemical factories that cause our
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็งใŸใกใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‹้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎๅๅฟœใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅทฅๅ ดใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:17
individual reaction to
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01:18
the food we eat.
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.
01:20
This mix of gut microbes is
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ใ“ใฎ่…ธๅ†…ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏ
01:21
unique and different for everyone,
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ใ€ไธ€ๅตๆ€งๅŒ็”Ÿๅ…ใงใ•ใˆใ€่ชฐใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใง็•ฐใชใ‚Š
01:24
even identical twins.
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ใพใ™.
01:26
And it's the reason why some
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ
01:27
doctors now recommend a
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ๅŒปๅธซใŒ็พๅœจใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้ฉๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๅฅจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Š
01:29
personalised diet, one that
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01:31
perfectly fits your own unique
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ใพใ™
01:33
combination of microbes.
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.
01:34
We'll hear more soon, but first
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่ฉณ็ดฐใฏใ™ใใซใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใš
01:37
I have a question for you, Neil,
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:39
and it's about the gut - the
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01:41
tube which includes the large and
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01:43
small intestine.
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ใ€‚่…ธใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ๅคง่…ธใจๅฐ่…ธใ‚’ๅซใ‚€็ฎกใงใ™ใ€‚
01:45
It's very
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้žๅธธใซ
01:46
long - but how long exactly is
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้•ทใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅนณๅ‡็š„ใชๆˆไบบใฎ่…ธใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้•ทใ•ใชใฎ
01:47
the average adult's gut?
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:50
Is it:
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ใใ‚Œใฏ:
01:51
a) 3 and a half metres?
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a) 3.5 ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใงใ™ใ‹?
01:52
b) 5 and a half metres?
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b) 5ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซๅŠ๏ผŸ
01:54
or,
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01:55
c) 7 and a half metres?
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c) 7.5ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซ๏ผŸ
01:57
Well, everybody is different
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไบบใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ้•ใ„
01:59
of course, but I'll say on average
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02:01
the gut is b) 5 and
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€่…ธใฎ้•ทใ•ใฏๅนณๅ‡ใ—ใฆ
02:03
a half metres long.
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5.5 ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
02:04
OK, Neil, I'll reveal the answer
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OKใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€็•ช็ต„ใฎๅพŒๅŠใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™
02:06
later in the programme.
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ใ€‚
02:08
Among the first to investigate gut
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่…ธๅ†…ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใŸใฎ
02:10
microbes was Dr Tim Spector, author
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02:12
of bestselling book, The Diet Myth.
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ใฏใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ปใƒฉใƒผๆœฌใ€ŒThe Diet Mythใ€ใฎ่‘—่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใƒปใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:15
He wanted to check whether the
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ๅฝผใฏใ€
02:17
dietary advice he had heard and
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่žใ„ใฆไฟกใ˜ใฆใใŸ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
02:19
believed, advice like 'eat little
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค
02:21
and often' or 'avoid fat',
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้ ป็นใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่„‚่‚ชใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น
02:22
was really true.
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ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:24
Listen as Dr Spector explains
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซใŒ
02:26
how he started to doubt some of
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02:28
this advice - 'food myths', he
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02:30
calls them - to BBC Radio 4
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ใ€BBC ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช 4 ใฎ
02:33
programme, The Life Scientific:
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็•ช็ต„ใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใƒ• ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚จใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏ:
02:36
All these so-called myths that
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02:38
I'd believed, whether it was
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็งใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹็ฅž่ฉฑใ€ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็–‘ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸ
02:40
about calories, about fats,
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ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒญใƒชใƒผใ€่„‚่‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆใ€
02:42
when to eat, how to eat, were
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ใ„ใค้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹
02:43
based on flimsy or no evidence,
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ใฏใ€่–„ใฃใบใ‚‰ใพใŸใฏ่จผๆ‹ ใŒใชใใ€
02:46
very old, very poor quality,
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้žๅธธใซๅคใใ€้žๅธธใซ่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใใ€
02:48
and had been repeated so much
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใŸใ‚
02:50
that people didn't
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ
02:51
think to question them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๅ‘ˆใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ.
02:53
One of the food myths Dr Spector
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซใŒ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๅ‘ˆใ—ใŸ้ฃŸ็‰ฉ็ฅž่ฉฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€้ฃŸ็‰ฉ
02:55
questioned was counting calories - the
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ใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ
02:57
units which measure the amount
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้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜ไฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒญใƒชใƒผใฎ่จˆ็ฎ—
02:59
of energy food provides.
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:02
He discovered that much of
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03:03
the dietary advice he had
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ๅฝผใฏใ€่žใ„ใŸ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎๅคšใใŒ
03:05
heard was either incorrect or
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹
03:07
based on flimsy evidence.
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ใ€่–„ใฃใบใ‚‰ใช่จผๆ‹ ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:10
If
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03:11
evidence is flimsy, it's
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่จผๆ‹ ใŒ่–„ใฃใบใ‚‰ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:12
weak and unconvincing.
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ๅผฑใใ€่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:14
As Dr Spector questioned these
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎ็ฅž่ฉฑใซ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๅ‘ˆใ—ใŸใจใ
03:16
food myths, he remembered an
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ใ€ๅฝผใฏ
03:17
earlier study involving
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03:19
identical twins, pairs of brothers
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ไธ€ๅตๆ€งๅŒ็”Ÿๅ…ใ€
03:22
or sisters with the same genes.
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ใคใพใ‚ŠๅŒใ˜้บไผๅญใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ…„ๅผŸใพใŸใฏๅง‰ๅฆนใฎใƒšใ‚ขใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไปฅๅ‰ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.
03:24
It was the surprising differences
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ๅŒๅญใฎไฝ“้‡ใฎ้ฉšใในใ้•ใ„
03:26
in weight between one twin and
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03:29
another that made Dr Spector
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ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜่…ธใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
03:30
realise that no two people
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ไบบใฏ 2 ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸ
03:33
have the same gut - even
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03:35
identical twins' guts are different.
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ใ€‚
03:38
But, as he told BBC Radio 4's,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒ BBC ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช 4 ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ• ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚จใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่ชžใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ
03:41
The Life Scientific, the discovery
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ใ€็™บ่ฆ‹
03:43
came in a very smelly way - by
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ช่‡ญใ‚’ๆ”พใคๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œ
03:45
asking his volunteers to send
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผใฎใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใซใ†ใ‚“ใกใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใƒˆใซ้€ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ไพ้ ผใ—ใŸใฎ
03:47
samples of their poo in the post!
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:51
We collected lots of these
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้›†ใ‚ใฆ
03:52
samples, sequenced them,
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้…ๅˆ—ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใ€
03:54
and looked at twins where
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03:55
one was overweight and one
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ไธ€ๆ–นใŒๅคชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–น
03:57
was skinny... and we found
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ใŒ็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅŒๅญใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใŸ...
03:58
in every case, the skinnier
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ใใ—ใฆใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€็—ฉใ›ใŸ
04:01
twin had a more diverse
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ๅŒๅญใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšๆง˜ใช
04:03
microbiome, greater numbers
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใ
04:04
of different species and
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ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็จฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃ
04:06
they also nearly always had
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็พค้›†ใ‹ใ‚‰็ชใๅ‡บ
04:08
high numbers of a couple
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04:09
of microbes that just
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ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใŒๅธธใซๅคšๆ•ฐๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใฆใ„
04:11
stuck out of the crowd - and
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04:13
one was called christensenella
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ใพใ—ใŸ.1ใคใฏใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒณ
04:15
and the other was
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04:16
called akkermansia.
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ใ‚ปใƒใƒฉใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏใ‚ขใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚ทใ‚ขใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
04:18
Although genetically identical,
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้บไผ็š„ใซใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒ
04:20
one twin was overweight, while
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ใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๅŒๅญใฏๅคชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใง
04:21
the other twin was skinny,
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๅŒๅญใฏ
04:23
or very thin.
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ใ‚„ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้žๅธธใซ็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:25
Because the weight difference
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ไฝ“้‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’้บไผ็š„ใซ
04:26
could not be explained
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€
04:27
genetically, Dr Spector
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซ
04:29
suspected the microbes in
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ใฏ
04:30
the skinnier twin's gut
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ใ€็—ฉใ›ใŸๅŒๅญใฎ่…ธๅ†…ใฎๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใŒ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจ่€ƒใˆ
04:32
held the answer: the more
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ใพใ—ใŸ.
04:33
diverse someone's microbes,
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ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใŒๅคšๆง˜ใง
04:35
the better their gut was at
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€่…ธใฏ
04:37
digesting food, regulating
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้ฃŸ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆถˆๅŒ–ใ—ใ€่„‚่‚ชใ‚’่ชฟ็ฏ€ใ—
04:39
fat and maintaining health.
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ใ€ๅฅๅบทใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
04:41
Two microbes, christensenella
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2ใคใฎๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒณ
04:43
and akkermansia, were especially
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ใ‚ปใƒใƒฉใจใ‚ขใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚ทใ‚ขใŒ็‰นใซ
04:45
effective.
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ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใงใ—ใŸ.
04:46
Dr Spector says these
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผๅšๅฃซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
04:47
microbes stuck out of the crowd,
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ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฏ็พค้›†ใ‹ใ‚‰็ชใๅ‡บใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใฎๅŠนๆžœ
04:50
meaning they were easy to notice
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ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„
04:52
for their positive effect.
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ใพใ™.
04:54
And since everyone's microbes are
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ใพใŸใ€ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฏไบบ
04:56
different, it follows that a
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่…ธใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ—ใ„้ฃŸๅ“
04:57
personalised diet which selects
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ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹
04:59
the friendliest food for
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05:00
your gut, is best.
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ใŒๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
Right,
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ใใ†
05:03
and all this talk of eating
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎ่ฉฑ
05:04
is making me hungry, so tell me,
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ใฐใ‹ใ‚ŠใงใŠ่…นใŒใ™ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
05:06
Sam, was my answer
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ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใงใ—ใŸ
05:07
to your question, right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ?
05:09
Ah yes, I asked about the
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ใ‚ใ‚
05:11
length of the gut in
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05:13
the average adult.
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ใ€ๅนณๅ‡็š„ใชๆˆไบบใฎ่…ธใฎ้•ทใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:14
I said it was 5 and
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ5.5ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
05:15
a half metres.
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ใ€‚
05:16
Which was... the correct answer!
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒโ€ฆๆญฃ่งฃใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ
05:19
Well done, Neil - that took 'guts',
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ - ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
05:21
which is the second meaning
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05:22
of the word: courage.
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ใ€‚
05:24
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've
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OKใ€่…ธใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:27
learned starting with gut - an
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-
05:29
informal word for the intestines,
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่…ธใ€่ƒƒใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆถˆๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹็ฎกใ‚’่กจใ™้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่จ€่‘‰
05:31
the tube which digests
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05:33
food from the stomach.
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.
05:35
Microbes are microscopic organisms
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ๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใจใฏ
05:37
living inside the body.
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ใ€ไฝ“ๅ†…ใซ็”Ÿๆฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅพฎ่ฆ–็š„ใช็”Ÿ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:39
A calorie is a unit measuring
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ใ‚ซใƒญใƒชใƒผใจใฏใ€
05:41
how much energy food provides.
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้ฃŸๅ“ใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚
05:44
If an argument or evidence is
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚„่จผๆ‹ ใŒ
05:46
flimsy, it's weak
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่–„ใฃใบใ‚‰ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅผฑใ
05:47
and hard to believe.
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ใ€ไฟกใ˜ใŒใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
A skinny person is very thin.
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็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
And finally, if something
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็พค
05:53
sticks out of the crowd,
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ใ‚’ๆŠœใ„ใฆ็ชใๅ‡บใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:55
it's noticeable in a good way.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
Unfortunately, our six minutes
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎ 6 ๅˆ†ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
05:59
are up, but remember:
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่ฆšใˆใฆ
06:01
look after your gut, and
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06:02
your gut will look after you!
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ใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:06
Goodbye!
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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