Present Perfect: Active & Passive | Participle Adjectives | English Grammar Lesson | C1-Advanced

15,696 views

2022-07-15 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Present Perfect: Active & Passive | Participle Adjectives | English Grammar Lesson | C1-Advanced

15,696 views ใƒป 2022-07-15

Anglo-Link


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Hello and welcome everyone, this is Minoo atย Anglo-Link.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื–ื” Minoo ื‘ย Anglo-Link.
00:03
The fact that the Past Participleย is used in Perfect tenses, the Passive Voice,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™,
00:10
and also sometimes as an adjective can be veryย confusing.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ื›ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœืช.
00:14
So, in this lesson we're going toย review these three uses of the Past Participleย form.
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ืื–, ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
00:20
You can download the PDF version of thisย  lesson by joining Anglo-Link's PDF Library.
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื’ืจืกืช ื”-PDF ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”-PDF ืฉืœ Anglo-Link.
00:27
The link is in the description box.
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ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ.
00:30
So, let'sย start by looking at the active to passiveย formulation.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœืคืกื™ื‘ื™.
00:35
Remember that a key point is thatย we must respect the tense.
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ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ื—.
00:40
For example, if theย active sentence is: Someone opens the window everyย day (Present Simple).
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื: ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื (Present Simple).
00:47
The passive is: The window isย opened every day.
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ื”ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื: ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸย ื ืคืชื— ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
00:52
Present Simple for the verbย 'to be'.
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Present Simple ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช'.
00:55
So, now let's change the tense of theย active sentence to Present Perfect.
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ืื–, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœ-Present Perfect.
01:00
So, someoneย has opened the window.
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ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื•ย ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
01:04
What's the passive form?
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช?
01:08
The passive form is: The window has beenย opened.
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื: ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸย ื ืคืชื—.
01:13
The verb 'to be' is now in the Presentย Perfect tense, 'has been'.
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ื”ืคื•ืขืœ 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช' ื ืžืฆื ื›ืขืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื, 'ื”ื™ื”'.
01:18
Right! An action hasย taken place. What's the result of this action?
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืคืขื•ืœื”. ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•?
01:26
The result is that the window is now open. 'Open'ย is an ordinary adjective.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื›ืขืช. 'ืคืชื•ื—'ย ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
01:32
Right! Let's look atย another example.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
01:35
The active sentence is: I haveย booked our seats. What's the passive sentence?
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื: ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืœ?
01:43
The passive sentence is: Our seats have beenย booked.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื: ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื•.
01:48
And what's the result?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”?
01:50
The result isย that our seats are booked.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื.
01:54
'Booked' is also anย adjective. It describes what has happened to theย seats.
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'ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ' ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
01:59
But, it's not an ordinary adjective, it's aย participle adjective.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื–ื”ย ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื—ืœืงื™.
02:05
Right! Let's look at anotherย example.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
02:07
The active sentence is: She has completedย all the tasks. What's the passive sentence?
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื: ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืœ?
02:17
The passive form is: All the tasks haveย been completed.
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ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื: ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชย ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื•.
02:22
So, what's the result?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”?
02:26
The result is that all the tasks are complete orย completed.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื•.
02:32
In this situation, you have a choiceย of the ordinary adjective 'complete',ย or the participle adjective 'completed'.
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”ย ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ 'ื”ืฉืœื',ย ืื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ 'ื”ื•ืฉืœื'.
02:42
If you use the ordinary adjectiveย 'complete', you're only describing the noun.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ 'ืฉืœื', ืืชื” ืžืชืืจ ืจืง ืืช ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื.
02:48
If you use the participle adjective 'completed',ย  you're showing that an action was carried outย on the noun.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ 'ื”ื•ืฉืœื', ืืชื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืคืขื•ืœื”ย ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื.
02:58
Right! Let's finish with twoย more examples to clarify the three usesย of the past participle.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ย ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืย ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
03:05
Look at the firstย context.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
03:07
Something like: I empty the bin daily.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•: ืื ื™ ืžืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื— ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
03:11
So, when someone asks you: Have you emptied theย bin today? They're using 'empty' in the Presentย Perfect tense active.
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ืื–, ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชืš: ื”ืื ืจื•ืงื ืช ืืช ื”ืคื— ื”ื™ื•ื? ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-'empty' ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื ืคืขื™ืœ.
03:20
You can answer: Yes, itย has been emptied.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช: ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ.
03:23
You're using 'emptied' in theย passive voice of the same tense, Present Perfect.
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ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืžืจื•ืงืŸ' ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, Present Perfect.
03:29
Or, you can just describe the state of the bin:ย It's emptied.
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ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื—:ย ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ.
03:34
You're using the Past Participleย as an adjective here. A participle adjective.
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ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ. ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื—ืœืงื™.
03:40
But, because the ordinary adjective 'empty'ย  also exists, you can say: It is empty.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ 'ืจื™ืง' , ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ื•ื ืจื™ืง.
03:48
Right! Let's look at one finalย context to make this perfectly clear.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
03:53
Let's say that you do the shopping every week.
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
03:56
So, when someone asks you: Have you done theย shopping this week?
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ืื–, ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชืš: ื”ืื ื‘ื™ืฆืขืช ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข?
04:00
They're using 'done', theย past participle, in the Present Perfect tenseย in the active form.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘'ื‘ื•ืฆืข', ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื”.
04:07
If you answer: Yes, itย has been done. You're using 'done', the pastย participle, in the passive form of the Presentย Perfect tense.
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ืื ืชืขื ื”: ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืฆืข. ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ื‘ื•ืฆืข', ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื.
04:17
Or, you can simply say: It is done.
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ืื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ: ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื”.
04:20
Now, you're using 'done', the pastย participle, as a participle adjective.
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ื›ืขืช, ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ื‘ื•ืฆืข', ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ.
04:26
And in this case, there is no ordinary adjectiveย to describe the result.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
04:32
Right! That's the end ofย ย this lesson.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœย ย ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”.
04:35
If you would like more informationย on the passive voice, you can watch this lesson.
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ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
04:42
For lessons and exercises on all topics, pleaseย join my online course by visiting
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ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืงื•ืจืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘-
04:48
Anglo-Link.com.
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Anglo-Link.com.
04:50
And remember to subscribe and allowย  notifications to know when my next lessonย is available.
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ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื™ย ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
04:57
Thanks a lot for watching, and I'llย see you soon in my next lesson.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื, ื•ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื™.
05:01
Goodbye for now.
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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