Present Perfect: Active & Passive | Participle Adjectives | Advanced English Grammar

14,526 views ใƒป 2022-07-15

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello and welcome everyone, this is Minoo atย Anglo-Link.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anglo-Link์˜ Minoo์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
The fact that the Past Participleย is used in Perfect tenses, the Passive Voice,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ, ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ,
00:10
and also sometimes as an adjective can be veryย confusing.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
So, in this lesson we're going toย review these three uses of the Past Participleย form.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anglo-Link์˜ PDF ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…
00:20
You can download the PDF version of thisย  lesson by joining Anglo-Link's PDF Library.
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ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ PDF ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:27
The link is in the description box.
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๋ž€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
So, let'sย start by looking at the active to passiveย formulation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋Šฅ๋™์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Remember that a key point is thatย we must respect the tense.
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์š”์ ์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
For example, if theย active sentence is: Someone opens the window everyย day (Present Simple).
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ฐฝ์„ ์—ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(Present Simple).
00:47
The passive is: The window isย opened every day.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์ด ๋งค์ผ ์—ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Present Simple for the verbย 'to be'.
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Simple์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
So, now let's change the tense of theย active sentence to Present Perfect.
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์ด์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ Present Perfect๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
So, someoneย has opened the window.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
What's the passive form?
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ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ ํ˜•์‹์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:08
The passive form is: The window has beenย opened.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์ด ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
The verb 'to be' is now in the Presentย Perfect tense, 'has been'.
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋Š” ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ 'has been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
Right! An action hasย taken place. What's the result of this action?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:26
The result is that the window is now open. 'Open'ย is an ordinary adjective.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด์ œ ์ฐฝ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Open'์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Right! Let's look atย another example.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
The active sentence is: I haveย booked our seats. What's the passive sentence?
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ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์„์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:43
The passive sentence is: Our seats have beenย booked.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ขŒ์„์ด ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
And what's the result?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:50
The result isย that our seats are booked.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ขŒ์„์ด ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
'Booked' is also anย adjective. It describes what has happened to theย seats.
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'์˜ˆ์•ฝ'์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์„์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
But, it's not an ordinary adjective, it's aย participle adjective.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Right! Let's look at anotherย example.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
The active sentence is: She has completedย all the tasks. What's the passive sentence?
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ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:17
The passive form is: All the tasks haveย been completed.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
So, what's the result?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:26
The result is that all the tasks are complete orย completed.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
In this situation, you have a choiceย of the ordinary adjective 'complete',ย or the participle adjective 'completed'.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ '์™„๋ฃŒ' ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ '์™„๋ฃŒ'๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
If you use the ordinary adjectiveย 'complete', you're only describing the noun.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ '์™„๋ฃŒ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
If you use the participle adjective 'completed',ย  you're showing that an action was carried outย on the noun.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ '์™„๋ฃŒ๋จ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Right! Let's finish with twoย more examples to clarify the three usesย of the past participle.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Look at the firstย context.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:07
Something like: I empty the bin daily.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ํœด์ง€ํ†ต์„ ๋น„์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
So, when someone asks you: Have you emptied theย bin today? They're using 'empty' in the Presentย Perfect tense active.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํœด์ง€ํ†ต์„ ๋น„์› ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ '๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Œ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
You can answer: Yes, itย has been emptied.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ œ
03:23
You're using 'emptied' in theย passive voice of the same tense, Present Perfect.
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์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ 'emptied'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Or, you can just describe the state of the bin:ย It's emptied.
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๋˜๋Š” ํœด์ง€ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
You're using the Past Participleย as an adjective here. A participle adjective.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ.
03:40
But, because the ordinary adjective 'empty'ย  also exists, you can say: It is empty.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ 'empty' ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Right! Let's look at one finalย context to make this perfectly clear.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Let's say that you do the shopping every week.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งค์ฃผ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:56
So, when someone asks you: Have you done theย shopping this week?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด: ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋Šฅ๋™ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ
04:00
They're using 'done', theย past participle, in the Present Perfect tenseย in the active form.
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์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ 'done'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
If you answer: Yes, itย has been done. You're using 'done', the pastย participle, in the passive form of the Presentย Perfect tense.
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ์˜ˆ, ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ 'done'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Or, you can simply say: It is done.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Now, you're using 'done', the pastย participle, as a participle adjective.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ 'done' ์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
And in this case, there is no ordinary adjectiveย to describe the result.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Right! That's the end ofย ย this lesson.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
If you would like more informationย on the passive voice, you can watch this lesson.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:42
For lessons and exercises on all topics, pleaseย join my online course by visiting
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด Anglo-Link.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:48
Anglo-Link.com.
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04:50
And remember to subscribe and allowย  notifications to know when my next lessonย is available.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
04:57
Thanks a lot for watching, and I'llย see you soon in my next lesson.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๊ณง ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Goodbye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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