Can you Say... These CONTRACTIONS? ๐Ÿ‘‰English Pronunciation

203,153 views ใƒป 2018-07-05

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:08
Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใ“ใซใ‚‚๏ผ mmmEnglishใฎใ‚จใƒžใงใ™๏ผ
00:12
So I've been talking about modal verbs
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใ€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
00:15
over the last few weeks, about all of their different uses.
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ใ€‚
00:19
Now, don't worry if you missed out on them,
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
00:22
the links are right here.
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ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
But one way to make sure that you don't miss out on
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—
00:28
any of my weekly English lessons here is to subscribe!
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹1ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™๏ผ
00:34
Subscribe by clicking the red button down there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹่ตคใ„ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:37
You'll get a message telling you as soon as
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00:40
there's a new lesson here on the mmmEnglish channel,
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mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใซใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒๅฑŠใ
00:44
so you can keep studying with me and keep up-to-date
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ใฎใงใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใซไฟใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
00:46
with all of the new lessons.
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ใ€‚
00:48
Okay so we've been talking about modal verbs a lot
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—
00:52
and in this lesson
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ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
00:54
I want to focus on the way
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ใฏ
00:56
that they sound when they're spoken.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎไป•ๆ–นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:59
So this is a pronunciation lesson.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:02
That means you have to be ready to join in!
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
Say the words out loud with me.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:08
You must do this!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
01:10
Well, you must do it
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
01:12
if you want to improve your pronunciation
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01:14
and I'm pretty sure that you do.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Let's get our modal verbs up on the screen.
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ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็”ป้ขใซ่กจ็คบใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:21
We've got could, should, would, may, might, can, will,
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ€
01:30
must and shall.
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ใใ—ใฆใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
For the record, I hardly ever use shall
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่จ˜้ŒฒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
01:36
and amongst all of my native English speaking
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™
01:39
friends and family,
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ๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธญใงใ€
01:40
I hardly ever hear it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:42
It's quite formal
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซ
01:44
and perhaps even a little old-fashion now.
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ใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปŠใงใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค้ขจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:47
It's the kind of thing that I would hear
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
01:50
my English grandma say
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็งใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใŠใฐใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ
01:52
but not my friends.
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ใŒใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:54
So I'm actually just going to remove it from this lesson.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
I'm going to get in trouble for that!
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ๅ›ฐใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผ
02:02
But I want to focus this pronunciation lesson
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ธฎ็ด„ใซ้›†ไธญใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„
02:05
on contractions
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02:06
and 'shall' is very rarely contracted anyway.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใจใซใ‹ใใ€Œshallใ€ใŒ็ธฎ็ด„ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:10
And one final disclaimer.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ…่ฒฌไบ‹้ …ใ€‚
02:12
You are practising with me and my
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจ็งใฎ
02:15
Australian accent here,
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
which is a reasonably standard one
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
02:18
but there are differences between
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ใŒใ€
02:20
native English-speaking accents.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Okay enough of that,
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ใใ‚Œใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™
02:24
let's just get started with these words,
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ใ€‚
02:27
'could', 'should' and 'would'.
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ใ€Œcouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œshouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œwouldใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:30
Now the first thing
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅˆใซ
02:32
that you need to pay attention to here
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ๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆ
02:34
is that the L in all of these three words is silent.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰3ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ™ในใฆใฎLใŒ็„ก้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Don't try and pronounce that out.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:41
It's actually easier than you think!
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ๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™๏ผ
02:44
'Would' is pronounced just like 'wood'
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ใ€ŒWouldใ€ใฏใ€Œwoodใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œ
02:47
and 'could' and 'should' are also the same.
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ใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€ใจใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:51
Could, should, would.
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ใงใใŸใ€ใ™ในใใ ใ€ใใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
02:54
So let's look at all of the possible contractions
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:57
for these modals.
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ใ€‚
03:00
Now we learn in earlier lessons
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
03:02
that any of these modal verbs
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ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’
03:03
can be used to talk about the past
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
03:06
simply by adding 'have'
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ
03:08
followed by the past participle verb.
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ๅพŒใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:11
So in spoken English 'have' is often contracted
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
03:15
or shortened.
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็Ÿญ็ธฎใพใŸใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
'Could have' is often said
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ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œ
03:20
could've.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:23
So the 'have' is shortened to just 've.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏใ€Œveใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Now if you're listening to native English speakers
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
03:31
you might not even hear that sound.
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ใใฎ้Ÿณใ•ใˆ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:35
'Could have' can also sound like
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ใ€ŒCouldhaveใ€ใ‚‚couldaใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
03:38
coulda.
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
You coulda brought the dog.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้€ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ€‚
03:43
You could've. You could have brought the dog.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้€ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:48
And the contracted pronunciation of 'have' is the same
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็™บ้Ÿณใฏใ€
03:51
for all of the modal verbs.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:53
'Should have' becomes
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'shouldhave'ใฏ
03:56
should've
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should've
04:00
or shoulda.
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ใพใŸใฏshouldaใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
We shoulda left earlier.
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ๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:07
We should've left earlier.
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ๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:10
'Would have' becomes
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'wouldhave'ใฏ
04:13
would've
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would've
04:17
or woulda.
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ใพใŸใฏwouldaใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
My dad would have known what to do.
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็งใฎ็ˆถใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
04:23
My dad woulda what to do.
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็งใฎ็ˆถใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:28
'Might' and 'have' become
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ใ€ŒMightใ€ใจใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏใ€Œ
04:30
might've
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mightใ€
04:34
or mighta.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œmightaใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
She mighta taken the keys.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ตใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:41
She might have taken the keys.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ตใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:45
'May' and 'have'
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'May'ใจ 'have'ใฏ '
04:47
may've
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ve
04:51
or even maya - if you're listening to a native speaker.
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ใพใŸใฏmayaใงใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™-ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’่ดใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
04:56
I may have lost his address.
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็งใฏๅฝผใฎไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:59
I maya lost his address.
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็งใฏใƒžใƒคใŒๅฝผใฎไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ€‚
05:03
'Must' and 'have' becomes
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'Must'ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 'have'ใฏ
05:06
must've
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05:09
or musta.
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must'veใพใŸใฏmustaใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:12
We musta left our tickets in the car!
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ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ปŠใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
05:16
We must have left our tickets in the car!
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่ปŠใฎไธญใซใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„๏ผ
05:20
Remember, it's okay to use these contractions
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
05:24
in informal writing
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05:26
but in formal writing, exams, reports and letters,
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ใ“ใจใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆญฃๅผใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€ๆ‰‹็ด™ใง
05:31
use the full word 'have'.
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ใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:34
And if you are ever unsure, just write 'have',
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ใพใŸใ€็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใจๆ›ธใใ ใ‘ใงใ€
05:37
it's not too formal.
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ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:39
Okay so when we use
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ใ•ใฆใ€
05:41
these modal verbs in a negative sentence,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:44
'not' is often contracted to the modal verb.
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ใ€Œnotใ€ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
They're pushed together - that's what a contraction is.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ—ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™-ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŽ็ธฎใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
So 'could' and 'not' is contracted and it sounds like
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใจใ€Œใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใฏ็ธฎๅฐใ•ใ‚Œใ€
05:56
couldn't.
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ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
Shouldn't, wouldn't.
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ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
06:03
So the 'not' sounds like
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œnotใ€
06:08
at the end of the modal verb.
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ใฏๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:11
Okay let's go through this in a little bit more detail.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:14
We've got /'kสŠd/
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/ 'kสŠd//ษ™nt
06:17
/ษ™nt/
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06:19
/'kสŠd(ษ™)nt/
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//'kสŠd๏ผˆษ™๏ผ‰nt
06:24
I couldn't believe it! It was such a surprise!
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/ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ ใณใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
06:29
I couldn't believe it!
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ
06:33
/'สƒสŠd/
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/ 'สƒสŠd//ษ™nt
06:34
/ษ™nt/
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06:36
/'สƒสŠd(ษ™)nt/
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//'สƒสŠd๏ผˆษ™๏ผ‰nt /
06:42
Shouldn't we wait for Sam?
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ใ‚ตใƒ ใ‚’ๅพ…ใคในใใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:44
Shouldn't we wait?
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ๅพ…ใคในใใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:49
/'wสŠd/
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/ 'wสŠd//ษ™nt
06:51
/ษ™nt/
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06:53
/'wสŠd(ษ™)nt/
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//'wสŠd๏ผˆษ™๏ผ‰nt /ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€
06:58
They wouldn't ask you for money
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใพใ›
07:00
unless they really needed it.
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ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:04
They wouldn't ask you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:09
/'mสŒษชt/
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/ 'mสŒษชt//ษ™nt
07:10
/ษ™nt/
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07:12
/'mสŒษชt(ษ™)nt/
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//'mสŒษชt๏ผˆษ™๏ผ‰nt /
07:14
or /'mสŒษชt(ษ™)nt/ depending on the accent.
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ใพใŸใฏ/ 'mสŒษชt๏ผˆษ™๏ผ‰nt /ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€‚
07:18
You mightn't believe me, but I'm telling the truth!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
07:23
You mightn't believe me!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
07:27
/หˆmสŒs/
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/ หˆmสŒs //ษ™nt
07:28
/ษ™nt/
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07:30
/หˆmสŒs(ษ™)nt/
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// หˆmสŒs๏ผˆษ™๏ผ‰nt /
07:34
Notice that the middle 'T' is not pronounced
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็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎใ€ŒTใ€ใฏๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
07:38
in the negative form.
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ใ€‚
07:39
It's mustn't,
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ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ—ใฆ
07:43
not must-n't.
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ใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:47
You mustn't wear those shoes in the house.
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ๅฎถใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:51
You mustn't wear those shoes.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:55
Now of course, there are a few irregular negatives
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชใƒใ‚ฌ
07:58
which you already know.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:00
'Will not' is won't.
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:03
'Can not' is can't.
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ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:06
'Shall not' is shan't.
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ใ€Œใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:09
And 'may' doesn't even contract with 'not'.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ•ใˆๅฅ‘็ด„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:13
You just need to say 'may not'.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ใ€Œใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
Okay so now are you ready for level 10
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ10ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸ
08:20
pronunciation training?
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ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:23
These contractions get a little bit more difficult
158
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08:26
when we start using negative modal verbs
159
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่ฒ ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉž
08:28
to refer to the past with 'have'.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ใ€Œhaveใ€ใงๅ‚็…งใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:33
Then we have a structure that looks like this:
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆง‹้€ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:37
the subject with the modal verb
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08:41
with 'not', 'have'
163
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ใ€Œnotใ€ใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€
08:43
and then the past participle verb.
164
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ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใคไธป่ชžใ€‚
08:46
And yes, all three words
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ„ใ€3ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ™ในใฆ
08:49
can be contracted together in spoken English.
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ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไธ€็ท’ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:53
Okay get ready for this!
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ•ใ„๏ผ
08:56
'Could not have'
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ใ€Œใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
09:00
couldn'tve.
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ใ€‚
09:10
Although you'll never see it written like this in English
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชž
09:13
but you will hear it spoken like this, all the time,
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ใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
09:17
by native English speakers.
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ใ€‚
09:20
I could not have done that.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:23
I could not have.
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็งใฏๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:26
I could not have done that.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:30
So 'should not have' becomes
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Š
09:32
shouldn't've.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
The kids should not have been in the room.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:47
The kids should not.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:49
The kids should not have been in the room.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:55
'Would not have'
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใฏใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:58
wouldn'tve.
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ใ€‚
10:07
He would not have approved this plan.
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ๅฝผใฏใ“ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ๆ‰ฟ่ชใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
10:10
He would not have.
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ๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:12
He would not have approved this plan.
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ๅฝผใฏใ“ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ๆ‰ฟ่ชใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
10:18
'Might not have'
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:20
mightn'tve.
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ใ€‚
10:29
She might not have heard you say that.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:32
She might not have.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:35
She might not have heard you say that.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:40
'Must not have'
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
10:44
mustn't've.
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ใ€‚
10:53
They mustn't've.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:55
They must not have brought their son.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฏๅญใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:00
That one's tricky!
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™๏ผ
11:03
So that's it for this pronunciation lesson.
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ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
11:06
It was a lot to take in, wasn't it?
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ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
11:08
A lot of tongue twisting.
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ๆ—ฉๅฃ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:11
But you really should go back and watch
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆˆปใฃใฆ
11:12
this lesson a few times and practise out loud with me.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅ›ž่ฆ‹ใฆใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅคงๅฃฐใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
11:17
Practise with me!
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
11:19
You can't improve your pronunciation just by listening
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่žใใ ใ‘ใงใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›
11:23
can you?
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ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:25
You need to imitate me, you need to copy me
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ใพใญใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใจใ™ในใฆใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ
11:28
as I say all of the different contractions
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็งใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:30
through this lesson and all of the example sentences.
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ใ€‚
11:35
In fact, imitating a native English speaker
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชž
11:38
is a really great way to practise and improve
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ใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ๆจกๅ€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•
11:40
your pronunciation.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:42
It's going to help you to sound more natural
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11:44
as you speak English
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
11:46
because you can listen to the sounds
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11:48
that you should be making
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€
11:50
and imitate them straight after.
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ใ™ใใซๆจกๅ€ฃใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:54
Now if you want to keep practising like this,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใ‚’็œŸไผผใฆใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—็ถšใ‘ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰
11:56
by imitating me,
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ใ€
11:58
then try one of my imitation lessons right here,
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ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎ็œŸไผผใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ1ใคใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
12:03
or here - that one's good as well.
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-ใใ‚Œใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:06
Thanks for watching and I'll see you
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
12:09
next week for another lesson here on mmmEnglish.
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ใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑใ€mmmEnglishใงใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:12
Bye for now!
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ใพใŸใญ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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