10 MOST COMMON Grammar Mistakes English Learners Make ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญ

2,291,740 views ใƒป 2018-05-10

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:08
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€mmmEnglishใฎEmmaใงใ™๏ผ
00:12
Oh my goodness, thank you so much for celebrating
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00:16
with me last week.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ฅใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
00:18
It was so much fun!
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™๏ผ ใพใ ใŠ็ฅใ„
00:20
I was thinking that I don't really want to
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ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใใชใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆ
00:23
stop celebrating just yet.
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ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:26
So I've got something super special
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
00:28
to share with you today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
During May, this month,
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ไปŠๆœˆใฎ5ๆœˆไธญใซใ€
00:34
mmmEnglish subscribers will be able to join
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mmmEnglishใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใฏmmmEnglishๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
00:37
the mmmEnglish grammar challenge.
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ใ€‚
00:41
And I'm inviting you to join the challenge
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ใใ—ใฆ
00:44
to improve your English with me
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ใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›
00:47
and give you the chance to win some really
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00:50
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00:57
and a chance to win
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ใ€
00:59
some conversation practice with me.
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็งใจใฎไผš่ฉฑ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅ‹ใกๅ–ใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใชใฉใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„mmmEnglish่ณžใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‹งใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
It's super easy to join
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01:04
and a really good idea because just by participating,
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
01:09
you'll be improving your English skills.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:12
So make sure you subscribe, that's the first step
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—
01:15
just down there and then keep watching this video
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆ
01:19
to find out how you can join the challenge.
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ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:22
In this video I'm going to share
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ
01:24
the ten most common grammar mistakes
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็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช10ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—
01:27
that English learners make.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
When I'm reading your comments below my videos
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็งใŒ็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธ‹ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆ
01:32
and I'm replying to your emails,
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
01:34
I always notice the same mistakes
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚
01:36
that you consistently make.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
And through years of teaching English
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชžๅญฆๅญฆๆ กใ‚„ๅคงๅญฆใงไฝ•ๅนดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใŸ
01:41
at language schools and at university,
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01:44
these are the same mistakes that a whole range
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใพใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™ใฎใจๅŒใ˜้Žใกใงใ™
01:47
of English learners make
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01:48
from beginners right through to even
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01:51
advanced level students.
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ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’
01:53
They're just really common mistakes
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01:57
that you keep making again and again
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02:00
sometimes because, you know,
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็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็Šฏใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€
02:02
the grammar is difficult to understand but sometimes
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02:05
because these mistakes have never been
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒ
02:07
properly corrected for you
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฟฎๆญฃใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„
02:10
so they become bad habits.
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ใŸใ‚ใซๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
They keep happening without you even realising it.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใ†ใกใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
And if you don't recognise them,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆ
02:20
if you don't see the mistakes that you're making,
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ใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
02:23
then you can't fix them, can you?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ๏ผŸ
02:27
So I want to help you to do that.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
I want you to start seeing the mistakes
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„
02:33
that you're making.
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ใ€‚
02:35
I want you to see it in your writing
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ‚ๆญฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใปใ—ใ„
02:37
so that you can correct yourself.
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ใ€‚
02:39
And then when you start doing that you'll naturally
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
02:42
be correcting yourself when you speak.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ่‡ช็„ถใซใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๆญฃใ™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:45
The mmmEnglish grammar challenge
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mmmEnglishๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ
02:47
will help you to practise
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ใฏ
02:49
and improve all of these mistakes,
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™‚ใ€…็Šฏใ™ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
02:51
the ones that you sometimes make.
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ใ€‚
02:55
So once you watch this lesson, make sure you sign up,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ–่ดใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—
02:58
join the challenge, get your friends to join too!
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ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹้”ใซใ‚‚ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:02
A little friendly competition is a good thing
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใช็ซถไบ‰ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:06
so that we can all have some fun together and
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใง
03:10
improve your English skills while we're doing it.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
So what are the 10 most common grammar mistakes
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ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช10ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒŸใ‚น
03:17
that English learners make?
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ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:20
Number one,
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ€
03:22
uncountable nouns.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ€‚
03:24
So you probably know that there are
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใฏ2็จฎ้กžใฎๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:26
two types of nouns in English
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03:29
countable and uncountable nouns.
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ใ€‚
03:32
Countable nouns are easy!
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™๏ผ
03:34
You can count them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:37
And when there's more than one,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
03:39
the noun becomes plural, we add an S.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ่ฉžใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใ€Sใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™
03:43
One apple,
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ใ€‚1ใคใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ€
03:44
three cars,
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3ๅฐใฎ่ปŠ
03:47
a million subscribers.
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ใ€100ไธ‡ไบบใฎๅŠ ๅ…ฅ่€…ใ€‚
03:49
The noun becomes plural when there's more than one
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ๅ่ฉžใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใ‚Š
03:53
and we can use the singular articles a and an
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ใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ† ่ฉžaใจanใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
03:57
when we're talking about just one of them.
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ใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใ ใ‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
But uncountable nouns are different.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
They don't usually have a plural form.
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้€šๅธธใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:08
You can't use a singular article with them
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ† ่ฉžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎ
04:10
and you need to use quantifiers to help explain
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้‡ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ•ฐ้‡่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆ
04:13
how much of the noun there is.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
The way that you use uncountable nouns
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใงๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉž
04:19
in English sentences is completely different
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ใจใฏใพใฃใŸใ
04:22
to countable nouns.
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็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:24
Let's just compare apple,
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04:27
a countable noun,
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใจใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹
04:28
and advice, an uncountable noun.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:33
Now I have an apple for you.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
I have a piece of advice for you.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
How many apples do you have?
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฏไฝ•ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
How much advice do you have?
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:49
I have a few apples for you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
I have a little advice for you.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:56
It's not just the noun that's important,
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏๅ่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:59
the type of noun affects many other words
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ๅ่ฉžใฎ็จฎ้กžใฏใ€ๆ–‡ไธญใฎไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎๅ˜่ชžใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
05:02
in your sentence.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
So using the wrong words with the uncountable noun
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใงๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใซ้–“้•ใฃใŸๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:07
in an English sentence
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05:08
is a really, really common mistake.
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ใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:11
And it's easy to do without realising that you're doing it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใšใซ่กŒใ†ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
Perhaps you don't realise that a noun is uncountable.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:21
Mistake number, two irregular verbs.
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้–“้•ใ„็•ชๅทใ€2ใคใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
05:25
Now these are also really common English mistakes.
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ไปŠใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
Difficult to master because there are no rules
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05:33
that you can learn to logically explain why one verb
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ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใŒ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใงใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’่ซ–็†็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่ฆๅ‰‡
05:37
is regular and the other is not.
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ใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
05:40
Even though there are fewer irregular verbs
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉž
05:43
than regular verbs,
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ใฏ้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€
05:44
many irregular verbs are really, really common verbs.
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ๅคšใใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
You can't escape them, you need to learn them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
Number three,
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็ฌฌไธ‰ใซใ€
05:55
subject-verb agreement.
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€่‡ดใ€‚
05:58
Subject-verb agreement is as simple as it sounds.
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€่‡ดใฏใ€ๆ€ใฃใŸใปใฉ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
The subject and the verb in English sentences
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
06:06
must agree, they must match.
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ไธ€่‡ดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่‡ดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
So why is it such a common mistake in English?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:15
Even my advanced English students
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็งใฎไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ•ใˆใ€
06:18
sometimes make these mistakes as well.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:21
And it's simply because
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ
06:23
they've got into some bad habits.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:26
They don't realise that they're making these mistakes.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:31
That car looks expensive.
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ใใฎ่ปŠใฏ้ซ˜ไพกใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:34
Those cars look expensive.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ปŠใฏ้ซ˜ไพกใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:39
Paul is looking out the window.
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ใƒใƒผใƒซใฏ็ช“ใฎๅค–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
John and Tim are looking out the window.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏ็ช“ใฎๅค–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:46
Do those students like to eat bananas?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใฏใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:51
Does this student like to eat bananas?
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ใ“ใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใฏใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:56
These mistakes are very easy to fix.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
Bad habits can be fixed but you need to see them.
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ๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฏ็›ดใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:05
So I'll explain more about this in detail
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ใใ‚Œใง
07:08
during the mmmEnglish grammar challenge.
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ใ€mmmEnglishๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใฎ้–“ใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:12
Common mistake number four, auxiliary verbs.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„4็•ชใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
07:17
Yes, the three main auxiliary verbs in English:
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ใฏใ„ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ3ใคใฎไธปใชๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž๏ผš
07:21
do, be and have.
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doใ€beใ€haveใ€‚
07:24
They're very important and learning
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Š
07:26
a little more about them is going to help you improve
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07:29
your English grammar a lot
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07:32
because the relationship between an auxilary verb
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07:36
and the main verb in an English sentence
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–ขไฟ‚
07:39
is very clear and simple.
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงๅ˜็ด”ใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅคงๅน…ใซๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
The auxiliary verb do appears in the simple tenses.
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉždoใฏๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใง็พใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:47
The auxiliary verb be appears in the continuous tenses
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถ
07:52
and also in the passive voice.
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ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซ็พใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
And the auxiliary verb have
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ใใ—ใฆๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
07:57
appears in the perfect tenses.
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใง็พใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:01
This is one part of English that is really consistent.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
So if you're making any of these mistakes,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
08:08
we can fix them easily.
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ใฏใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:12
So join me for the challenge
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€
08:14
and learn more about auxiliary verbs
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจๅญฆใณ
08:17
and fix these common grammar mistakes.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:22
Mistake number five, articles.
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้–“้•ใ„็•ชๅท5ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ€‚
08:26
Which one should you use?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:28
When and why?
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ใ„ใคใ€ใชใœ๏ผŸ
08:33
Articles must cause the most headaches
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ญ็—›ใฎ็จฎใจใชใ‚‹ใฏใš
08:36
for English learners.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:38
The is the definite article,
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ใฏๅฎšๅ† ่ฉžใ€
08:41
a and an are indefinite articles.
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aใจanใฏไธๅฎšๅ† ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:45
The difference between definite and indefinite articles
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ๅฎšๅ† ่ฉžใจไธๅฎšๅ† ่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ
08:48
is the difference between talking about
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08:50
a specific noun and a general noun.
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ่ฉžใจไธ€่ˆฌๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:54
If you asked me "Can you pass me a pen?"
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ใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰
08:58
That means any of these pens, not a specific one.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒšใƒณใงใฏใชใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒšใƒณใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
But if you asked me "Can you pass me the blue pen?"
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ้’ใ„ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
09:07
that only means this pen, none of the others.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ไป–ใฎใƒšใƒณใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:12
But sometimes you don't need to use an article at all.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:16
So it's easy to see why articles are some of the most
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใŒๅ† ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ
09:19
common mistakes that English learners make.
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็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
The good news is that there are some simple rules
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่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏ
09:27
that you can follow to choose the right article.
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ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:30
And I've got a few tips that I want to share with you
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธไธญใซใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
09:33
during the challenge
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09:35
to help you learn a little bit more about articles
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใจใใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆใถใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
09:38
and how to use them.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
Number six,
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6
09:41
prepositions,
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็•ช็›ฎใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€
09:43
words like in, on, at, by, with,
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inใ€onใ€atใ€byใ€withใ€forใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชž
09:48
for - you get my point.
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
These words, they help to give information about time,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
09:55
location and direction in English.
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ใ€‚
09:59
Just like articles may also cause a few headaches,
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ ญ็—›ใฎ็จฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ
10:03
sometimes the same preposition
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž
10:05
can have different meanings depending on the context.
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ใŒๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:10
If your keys are in the car, the meaning is different to
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ตใŒ่ปŠใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ่ปŠใฎๅ ดๅˆใจใฏ
10:14
at the car.
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็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:16
But if you're in school, the meaning is pretty much
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅญฆๆ กใจใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
10:20
the same as at school.
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ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:24
I had a coffee at Helen's.
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ใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใงใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:27
That means at her house
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฎถใงใ€
10:29
or I had a coffee with Helen.
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ใพใŸใฏ็งใŒใƒ˜ใƒฌใƒณใจใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
That means we had a coffee together
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
10:34
but it could have been anywhere.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใฃใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:37
These tiny little words can influence
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜่ชž
10:39
the meaning of your English sentence significantly.
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ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:44
But they are a challenge because the rules and reasons
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใจ็†็”ฑ
10:47
for using them are not always clear.
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ใŒๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฒ้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:51
Plus, you could be thinking about the correct preposition
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
10:55
that's used in your own native language
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ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
10:58
but they don't translate directly into English
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ็›ดๆŽฅ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚‰ใš
11:01
and this can be a problem too.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:03
Anyway, to get them right you need to practise
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:07
and that's exactly what we'll do during the challenge.
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซ็งใŸใกใŒๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใฎ้–“ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:11
Number seven,
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็ฌฌไธƒใซ
11:13
we're going to talk about word order in questions.
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ใ€่ณชๅ•ใฎ่ชž้ †ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:17
So asking questions, giving answers.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:19
It's the basics of a great conversation in English,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใฉใ‚“ใช่จ€่ชžใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไผš่ฉฑใฎๅŸบๆœฌใงใ™
11:22
in any language, really.
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ใ€‚
11:24
But one common mistake is using the wrong word order
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใฎ1ใค
11:29
when you're asking questions.
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ใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้–“้•ใฃใŸ่ชž้ †ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
We can go shopping this afternoon?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใฏ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:36
What you are cooking for dinner?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ–™็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:42
Word order in English questions is a common
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฎ่ชž้ †ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹
11:45
grammar mistake.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชž
11:47
I see it a lot and I hear even more often
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ใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏ
11:51
and another thing,
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11:52
different types of questions in English
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ็จฎ้กžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
11:55
use different intonation
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
11:57
so getting the structure and the intonation right
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ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆง‹้€ ใจใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃ
12:02
is important if you want to sound natural
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™
12:05
like a native English speaker.
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ใ€‚
12:07
The good news is that English questions
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่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ณชๅ•
12:09
are really consistent,
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ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ฒซใ—
12:11
they follow a clear structure.
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ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชๆง‹้€ ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:14
Question word, auxiliary verb,
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่ณชๅ•่ชžใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
12:17
subject and your main verb.
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ไธป่ชžใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
12:22
If you remember these words in this order,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ“ใฎ้ †ๅบใง่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
12:26
your questions should always be correct.
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ใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏๅธธใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
12:30
Mistake number eight, lucky eight.
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้–“้•ใ„็•ชๅท8ใ€ๅนธ้‹ใช8ใ€‚
12:33
The present perfect tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€‚
12:36
Now, this tense is a challenging one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:38
There's the present perfect simple
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
12:41
and the present perfect continuous.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:44
You can also use the words for and since
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ€Œforใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œsinceใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“
12:47
with these tenses to help you express information
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ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
12:50
about time.
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ใ€‚
12:53
Now, the structure of a present perfect sentence
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ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๆง‹้€ 
12:57
is probably not the difficult part.
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ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ้›ฃใ—ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:59
You probably know that there's the subject,
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13:02
the auxiliary verb have
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13:04
and the main verb in past participle form.
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใฎไธป่ชžใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:09
But in the present perfect continuous,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ
13:11
your past participle verb is been
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ
13:14
and it's followed by a verb in -ing.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ-ingใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:19
Don't forget to conjugate that auxiliary verb,
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ไธป่ชžใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
13:22
depending on the subject.
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ใ€‚
13:25
So it's confusing because this tense is about the past
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ้ŽๅŽปใจ็พๅœจใ‚’ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใ
13:29
and the present at the same time.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:32
It connects something that happened in the past
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็พๅœจใซ็ตใณใคใ‘
13:34
to the present moment
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13:36
and there are a few different ways
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13:38
that this can happen in English.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
So although it's complicated,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
13:43
it is a really commonly used tense in English
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่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถ
13:47
so you need to understand it.
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ใชใฎใงใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:50
If you join the mmmEnglish challenge,
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mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
13:53
I'm going to explain how to use this tense in more detail
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ
13:56
and help you to practise using it as well.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
14:00
Another mistake, this is number nine,
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ9็•ช็›ฎ
14:05
the difference between the past simple
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ใงใ€้ŽๅŽป
14:07
and the present perfect tense.
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ๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:10
The present perfect is also about the past
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏ
14:15
which is confusing in itself, right?
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ใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:18
So why not just use the past simple
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ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”
14:21
to talk about the past?
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ใซไฝฟใฃใฆ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:23
To understand when to use the past simple
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
14:27
and when to use the present perfect tense
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ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
14:29
you need to think about time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:33
Finished time and unfinished time.
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็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใจๆœช็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
14:36
Last week is a good example of finished time,
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
14:40
it's complete, it's over.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:43
But this week is unfinished,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠ้€ฑใฏๆœชๅฎŒใงใ™ใ€‚
14:46
it's an example of unfinished time,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆœชๅฎŒใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:49
there's still more of this week to come,
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ไปŠ้€ฑ
14:51
it's not finished yet.
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ใฏใพใ ใพใ ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:54
So expressions of time are really important when you're
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่กจ็พใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
14:58
using these two different tenses.
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ใ€‚
15:01
Yesterday, last week, last month, 1991.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ๅ…ˆๆœˆใ€1991ๅนดใ€‚
15:07
These are all examples of finished time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:11
Time that's complete.
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
15:13
So you would use the past simple.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:15
But when you're thinking about a time period that
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
15:18
is unfinished
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15:20
like today, this week, this month,
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ใ€ไปŠ้€ฑใ€ไปŠๆœˆใ€
15:24
my life,
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็งใฎไบบ็”Ÿ
15:25
use the present perfect.
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ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:28
Again, I'll go over this with you during the challenge.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธไธญใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:32
Lastly, mistake number ten.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€10็•ชใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
15:35
And I wonder if this is a mistake
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
15:37
that you sometimes make
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
15:40
not all the time but sometimes.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใงใฏใชใๆ™‚ใ€…็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใชใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
15:44
When do you use adjectives that end in -ed and -ing?
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-edใจ-ingใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:49
There is a big difference between "He looks bored."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใใ†ใ ใ€ใจใฏๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
and "He looks boring."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใใ†ใ ใ€
15:58
"I am interested."
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"่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚"
16:00
or "I am interesting."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:05
There doesn't seem to be much difference
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
16:07
between these adjectives
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16:09
but using them incorrectly in your sentence
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ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ชคใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
16:12
completely changes the meaning.
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ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:15
Luckily, there are some simple rules to help you
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ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€
16:18
remember which one is the right one to use.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:22
Now I want to help you improve your English
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€
16:25
and fixing these ten common mistakes
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ10ใฎใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็›ดใ™ใ“ใจ
16:29
is a really good place to start.
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ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‰ฏใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:31
So come and take the mmmEnglish challenge with me.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซmmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:35
I'll explain all of these important
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้‡่ฆใช
16:38
English grammar points
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่‹ฑๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ
16:39
so that you can understand them
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็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Ž
16:41
and then you'll be able to take a short quiz
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ
16:44
to check what you've learned.
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ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ€ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:47
Joining the mmmEnglish challenge is really easy.
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mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:51
Step one, just subscribe to this channel.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—1ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:55
To join the challenge,
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ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ
16:56
you must be an mmmEnglish subscriber.
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ใ€mmmEnglishใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:59
If you're not a subscriber already,
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ใพใ ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
17:01
just click that red button down there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹่ตคใ„ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:04
Easy!
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็ฐกๅ˜๏ผ
17:06
Step two, go to this website.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—2ใ€ใ“ใฎWebใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:08
To join, you need to sign up and pay a dollar.
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆ1ใƒ‰ใƒซๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:13
Also really easy!
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ใพใŸใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™๏ผ
17:15
Step three,
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—
17:16
complete the ten lessons.
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3ใ€10ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:19
Yeah there are ten lessons about the ten
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ใˆใˆ
17:23
most common mistakes that English learners make.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช10ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ10ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:27
I want you to fix these mistakes in your English,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง็›ดใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„
17:30
so I'll explain each of the grammar points
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€
17:32
and give you lots of examples
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆ
17:35
and then you'll check your knowledge with a short quiz
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ใ‹ใ‚‰
17:38
at the end of each lesson.
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ใ€ๅ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใง็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:40
So you'll study with me and improve your grammar skills
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
17:44
and test your skills.
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ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:47
It's going to be super fun, get your friends
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅ‹้”
17:49
to join in as well
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ใซใ‚‚ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€5ๆœˆๆœซใพใงใซ
17:51
and make sure that you complete all of the lessons
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
17:54
by the end of May.
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ใ€‚
17:57
If you do that, you could win one of the many
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅคšใใฎmmmEnglish่ณžใฎ1ใคใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใพใ™
18:00
mmmEnglish prizes.
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ใ€‚
18:02
We're giving away t-shirts, English courses
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Tใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใ‚น
18:05
and even conversation practice with me.
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ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ็งใจใฎไผš่ฉฑ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚‚ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:09
So head over to the website to sign up - let's do this!
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„-ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
18:13
Do it now!
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ไปŠใ‚„ใ‚Œ๏ผ
18:15
I'll be back here next week on YouTube
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ๆฅ้€ฑYouTubeใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆ
18:18
with another lesson for you.
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:20
Bye for now!
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ใพใŸใญ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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