Why a Free and Fair Internet Is More Vital than Ever | Priscilla Chomba-Kinywa | TED

Transcriber:

翻译人员: Kevin Fang 校对人员: Helen Chang

I have a question for you.

我有一个问题问你。

How would you have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic

您将如何应对 COVID-19 大流行

if you'd had no access to the internet?

如果您无法访问互联网？

March 2020.

2020 年 3 月。

I know we all want to forget,

我知道我们都想忘记，

but allow me to take you back to March 2020.

但请允许我带您回到 2020 年 3 月。

You see, it felt like one minute we were doing what we always do,

你看，感觉就像一分钟 我们在做我们一直在做的事情，

going about our daily business,

处理我们的日常事务，

and then we were keeping, sort of, one eye on a virus that was over there.

然后我们一直盯着那边的病毒。

And then the next day, boom,

然后第二天，砰，

we were in a head-on collision with a pandemic

我们正与一场流行病正面交锋

that nobody knew what to do about.

没有人知道该怎么做。

Authorities jumped to action.

当局立即采取行动。

Don't go to church,

不要去教堂，

don't go to the mosque,

不要去清真寺，

don't see your friends,

不要见你的朋友，

don't go to restaurants, don't go outside,

不要去餐厅，不要外出，

don't use public transport and don't visit your parents,

不要乘坐公共交通工具 和不要探望你的父母，

don't go to school,

不要去上学，

don't go to work.

不要去上班，

It was a barrage of "don'ts" from every direction possible.

这是来自各个可能方向的 一连串“不要”。

It was a lot.

太多了。

But we adapted.

但我们适应了。

We started to accept,

我们开始接受，

and slowly we shifted more and more of what we did

慢慢地我们改变了， 我们所做的越来越多

from in-person to online.

从面对面到在线。

We started to rely on the power of the internet

我们开始依赖 互联网的力量，

to order our groceries online,

在线订购我们的杂货，

to order our meals,

订购我们的餐点，

to speak to our friends

与我们的朋友交谈，

or even to learn how to take care of that plant, finally.

甚至最终学会如何照顾那株植物。

We used the internet to pray.

我们使用互联网祈祷。

We used it to exercise, to meditate, to speak to our therapists.

我们用它来锻炼、冥想， 与我们的治疗师交谈。

Organizations, including the one that I work with,

组织，包括与我合作的组织，

shifted to remote working and I was able to continue working.

转移到远程工作， 并且我能够继续工作。

Some schools figured out how to deliver online classes,

一些学校想出了 如何提供在线课程，

and my children only had three weeks of interruption to their learning

而且我的孩子 只有三个星期的学习中断，

before they were back in class online.

就回到网上课了。

Granted, they were in these classes wearing a school shirt and a school tie

当然，他们在这些班级上 穿着校服和学校领带，

with pajama bottoms,

搭配睡衣裤。

but I couldn't do anything about it

但我对此无能为力，

because I was doing pretty much the same thing

因为我几乎同样地

in my Zoom meetings.

参与我的 Zoom 会议。

Unfortunately, this picture that I've painted

不幸的是，我描述的场景

was not the same for everyone.

并不是人人相同。

It certainly wasn't true for those without access to the internet.

对于那些无法访问互联网的人来说 当然不是那样。

The lady who helps us with our chores in the house

帮助我们做家务的那位女士

talked to me about her rising levels of anxiety

和我谈她越来越焦虑的程度，

as she saw more and more of her friends lose their jobs.

随着她越来越多的朋友失业而升高。

Her friends who sold in markets, who sold at street corners,

她在市场上卖东西的朋友， 在街角卖东西的朋友，

they had no customers and therefore no money

他们没有客户， 因此没有钱，

because we were all sheltering in place.

因为我们都就地避难。

While she saw my children sitting in their Zoom classes

她看到我的孩子们上 Zoom 课，

talking to their teachers,

与他们的老师交谈，

her own children had to be taken to the village.

而她自己的孩子不得不被带到村里。

Because, you see,

因为，你看，

with all the parents out trying to make some money

所有的父母都出去试图赚钱

and no school for the kids to go to,

并也没有孩子上学的地方，

their safety and security was no longer guaranteed.

他们的安全不再有保障。

So the village was their only option.

所以乡村是他们唯一的选择。

In my own home village of Kasama in rural Zambia,

在我自己的家乡赞比亚的农村,

a beautiful and brilliant young girl named Chomba

一个美丽而聪明的女孩 名叫 Chomba

faces the exact same fate

面临完全相同的命运，

of not being able to continue her education.

无法继续她的学业。

Because, you see, they don’t have access to the internet.

因为，你看，他们无法访问互联网。

And the longer the pandemic rages on,

而且疫情持续的时间越长，

the further and further and further away

离她成为医生的梦想越差越远，

her dream of becoming a medical doctor go,

and the higher her chances become of becoming a teenage mum

她成为少女妈妈的机会就越大，

or getting married off as a teenager.

或在青少年时期结婚。

Many of us use the internet for so many things,

我们中的许多人 使用互联网做很多事情，

even if it was just talking to our parents on video calls.

即使只是通过视频通话 与我们的父母交谈，

And we did so without a second thought to those without internet.

而完全没想到那些没有互联网的人。

Did it ever cross your mind how they,

你有没有想过他们是如何，

those without internet, were coping?

那些没有互联网的人，正在应对？

We live in a digital age where access to the internet

我们生活在数字时代

访问互联网的不再是可有可无， 而是绝对必备的。

is no longer a nice-to-have; it is a definite must-have.

The internet provides a tool for us to engage in democratic conversations.

互联网为我们提供了 参与民主对话的工具。

We have a voice in spaces

我们在空间中有发言权，

that were previously a preserve of the few,

以前那只保留给少数人，

whereas before only those who could go to TV stations,

而以前只有那些可以 去电视台、广播电台、

radio stations that have access to newspaper interviews had a say,

接受报纸采访的人有发言权，

now everybody can speak about issues that affect them.

现在每个人都可以谈论 影响他们的问题。

Just in the last few years,

就在最近几年，

we have seen the power of the internet

我们已经看到了互联网的力量

used to connect people from across the world.

用于连接来自世界各地的人们。

People who don't even speak each other's languages

甚至彼此的语言不相同，

have been able to rally together

已经能够团结在一起

to fight against things like racism, sexism,

与种族主义、性别歧视、 气候变化等问题作斗争。

climate change and so much more.

And globally, over two billion people do not have access to the internet.

在全球范围内， 超过 20 亿人无法访问互联网。

Two billion.

二十亿。

So why should that number of two billion people concern you?

那么，为什么要关注 这 20 亿人呢？

As I mentioned, the internet gives power to people

正如我提到的，互联网赋予人们权力

to contribute to their economies,

为他们的经济做出贡献，

to contribute to politics and to social issues.

为政治和社会问题做出贡献。

Let me put the economic contribution into context.

让我把经济贡献放在景况中。

My home country of Zambia relies on agriculture.

我的祖国赞比亚以农业为生。

We place a lot of emphasis on agriculture, and rightly so.

我们非常重视农业，这是正确的。

Because 60 percent of the Zambian population

因为赞比亚 60% 的人口

relies on agriculture for their livelihoods.

以农业为生。

That’s according to United Nations statistics.

这是根据联合国的统计数据。

And yet, when we look at the numbers,

然而，当我们看到这些数字时，

agriculture contributes only 7.5 percent to the country’s GDP most years.

大多数年份农业对国内生产总值的贡献 仅占 7.5%。

So 60 percent of the population is relying on something

所以 60% 的人所赖以为生的生计

that contributes 7.5 percent to the GDP.

对 GDP 的贡献仅仅为 7.5%。

In contrast,

相比之下，

data from 2019 showed that one developed nation

2019 年的数据显示，发达国家

was able to get 10 percent of its GDP contribution

借助互联网的力量 能够获得其 GDP 贡献的 10%，

from the power of the internet,

not technology more broadly,

不是更广泛的技术，

the internet.

而是互联网。

Can you imagine what would happen

你能想象如果更多的人 可以访问互联网会发如何吗？

if more people had access to the internet?

And lest we forget,

以免我们忘记，

access to the internet would give Chomba in my home village

访问互联网将使我家乡的 Chomba

the right to learn.

获得学习的权利。

She would be able to go to school

她可以去上学，

and get closer to realizing her dream of contributing to the health sector.

更接近实现 她为卫生部门做出贡献的梦想。

We need to act now.

我们需要立即采取行动。

We need to actively and collectively ensure

我们需要积极和共同确保

that going forward, everyone has access to a free,

展望未来，每个人都可以免费获得

fair and feminist internet.

公平和女性可用的互联网。

We cannot afford to look away

我们不能把目光移开

simply because we are comfortable and we have access.

仅因为我们能够自在地使用互联网。

Because we need the contribution of the two billion.

因为我们需要那20亿人的贡献。

We need them contributing to the economies of our countries.

我们需要他们为我国的经济做出贡献。

We need their voices in politics.

我们需要他们在政治上的声音。

We need their voices on social issues.

我们需要他们在社会问题上发表意见。

Now, I'll be the first to admit that this is not a small task.

现在，我将第一个承认 这不是一项小任务。

What I'm proposing, an equitable internet,

我所提议的，一个公平的互联网，

is a major undertaking,

是一项重大的事业，

but we have to start somewhere.

但我们必须从某个地方开始。

We need governments and development partners

我们需要政府和发展伙伴

to start to acknowledge that digital rights

开始确认数字权利

in a digital era are important to every citizen of their countries:

在数字时代对他们国家的 每个公民都很重要：

policies that encourage competition among technology providers;

鼓励技术提供者之间竞争的政策；

regulation that allows for low-cost energy solutions

允许低成本能源解决方案的监管；

to penetrate even where it’s hard to reach;

即使是难以到达的地方也能渗透；

changes to school curricula to include digital literacy;

改变学校课程以包括数字素养；

and free internet to the lowest-income citizens.

以及为低收入公民提供免费互联网。

All those are just a starting point.

所有这些都只是一个起点。

But we also understand

但我们也明白

that with the world's economy slowing down,

随着世界经济放缓，

most of our governments will not prioritize digital access.

我们大多数政府不会 优先考虑数字访问。

Most of them will default to the traditional election winners:

他们大多数人 会自动着重于吸引选票的：

those infrastructure projects

那些基础设施项目——

that are outdated before they are even completed.

甚至在完成之前就已经过时的项目。

They will focus on those,

他们将专注于那些，

and those projects only benefit the middle class

而这些而这些项目只会让中产阶级

and the upper class,

和上层阶级受益，

leaving the poorer even further behind.

把更穷的人抛得更远。

But this is where the private sector, non-profits and foundations come in.

但这就是私营部门、 非营利组织和基金会的用武之地。

They certainly have the technical skills,

他们当然有技术能力、

the expertise and the financial resources

专业知识和财政资源

to ensure that every citizen has access to the internet.

来确保每个公民都能访问互联网。

And we need to start holding global corporations to account.

我们需要开始追究全球公司的责任。

In 2020, we learned that at least 20 developing countries

2020 年，我们了解到 至少有 20 个发展中国家

were missing out on as much as 2.8 billion dollars in tax revenue

错失了多达 28 亿美元的税收，

from just three big tech companies.

仅算来自三大科技公司的而已。

Three.

三。

This is only a tip of the iceberg

这只是冰山一角

because we know there are a lot of companies operating in these locations,

因为我们知道有很多公司 在这些地方经营，

but due to unfair global tax rules,

但由于不公平的全球税收规则，

they're not giving back their fair share.

他们没有回馈他们应回馈的份额。

We need to demand that they start to give back.

我们必须要求他们开始回馈，

And give back in a way that is sustainable,

以可持续的方式回馈，

that is genuine and does not come with the conditions

真心的，不附带条件——

that they normally attach to anything that they consider "free"

在这种情况下，他们通常会 附在他们认为“免费”的任何东西上。

in this context.

And to ensure sustainability,

为了确保可持续性，

it can be as simple as starting to look at what has already been tested

它可以像开始查看

在提供技术访问方面 已经测试过的内容一样简单；

in terms of providing access to technologies,

bringing those up to the surface

使那些浮出水面，

and then working with communities to make sure that whatever is put in place

然后与社区合作，确保所采取的 一切措施都是长期的——

is for the long term -- and not just for the immediate.

而不仅仅是短期的。

One thing we can all agree on

我们都同意的一件事

is that there are definitely enough internet resources to go around,

是肯定有足够的互联网资源 可供各处使用，

and the technology is certainly advanced enough

而且技术肯定足够先进

to make sure that everybody has access.

能确保每个人都可以访问。

We need to figure out how we bring these resources together

我们需要弄清楚 如何将这些资源整合在一起，

so that Chomba in my village does not just have access to learning content

这样我村里的 Chomba 不仅可以访问学习

that is relevant to her,

与她有关的内容，

but that she's also able to take part in economic discussions,

也能参与经济讨论、

in political discourse

政治话语，

and making sure that she has access to an internet

并确保她访问的互联网

where she is protected from online abuses such as surveillance,

让她免受监视等 在线滥用行为的侵害，

intimidation and bullying.

恐吓和欺凌。

On [an] individual level, you and I,

在个人层面上，你和我，

those of us with access,

我们这些有权访问的人，

need to stand with those that don't have.

需要与那些没有的人站在一起。

We need to make sure

我们需要确保

that we are not leaving those two billion behind

我们不会把这 20 亿人抛在后面，

and that we are making sure they have access

并且确保他们可以访问

to all the tools they need to live up to their full potential.

到他们充分发挥潜力 所需的所有工具。

So knowing how an equitable internet benefits the collective,

所以知道公平的互联网 如何使集体受益，

how will you contribute to reducing that two billion number?

您将如何为 减少 20 亿这数字做出贡献？