Why a Free and Fair Internet Is More Vital than Ever | Priscilla Chomba-Kinywa | TED

Transcriber:

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

I have a question for you.

我有一個問題要問大家。

How would you have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic

如果你無法使用網路，

if you'd had no access to the internet?

你要如何對付新冠肺炎疫情？

March 2020.

2020 年三月。

I know we all want to forget,

我知道大家都想忘記，

but allow me to take you back to March 2020.

但請容我帶大家回到 2020 年三月。

You see, it felt like one minute we were doing what we always do,

感覺就像是，前一分鐘我們還在

做我們平時做的事情，

going about our daily business,

and then we were keeping, sort of, one eye on a virus that was over there.

接著，我們算是 在留意著那一頭的病毒。

And then the next day, boom,

接著，隔天，砰！

we were in a head-on collision with a pandemic

我們正面撞上了疫情，

that nobody knew what to do about.

沒有人知道該怎麼辦。

Authorities jumped to action.

當權機關馬上動起來。

Don't go to church,

別上教堂，別去清真寺，

don't go to the mosque,

don't see your friends,

別和朋友見面，別上餐館，別出門，

don't go to restaurants, don't go outside,

don't use public transport and don't visit your parents,

別用大眾運輸工具，別去看父母，

don't go to school,

別去上學，別去上班。

don't go to work.

It was a barrage of "don'ts" from every direction possible.

我們各個方向都遭到「別」的猛攻，

It was a lot.

很難招架。

But we adapted.

但我們適應了。

We started to accept,

我們開始接受，

and slowly we shifted more and more of what we did

我們慢慢地把越來越多平時親自

from in-person to online.

去做的事情搬到網路上。

We started to rely on the power of the internet

我們開始仰賴網際網路的 力量，在線上訂購雜貨，

to order our groceries online,

to order our meals,

點餐，

to speak to our friends

和朋友交談，

or even to learn how to take care of that plant, finally.

甚至終於也去學習如何照顧那植物。

We used the internet to pray.

我們用網際網路來禱告。

We used it to exercise, to meditate, to speak to our therapists.

用它來運動、冥想、 和心理治療師對談。

Organizations, including the one that I work with,

組織，包括我服務的組織，

shifted to remote working and I was able to continue working.

轉換成遠距工作， 而我能夠持續工作。

Some schools figured out how to deliver online classes,

有些學校找到方式在線上教課，

and my children only had three weeks of interruption to their learning

我孩子的學習只中斷了三週，

接著就回到線上上課。

before they were back in class online.

Granted, they were in these classes wearing a school shirt and a school tie

的確，他們上課的時候穿著 學校制服打著學校領帶，

with pajama bottoms,

下半身則是睡褲，

but I couldn't do anything about it

但我也沒輒，

因為我也半斤八兩， 只是是在在 Zoom 會議中。

because I was doing pretty much the same thing

in my Zoom meetings.

Unfortunately, this picture that I've painted

不幸的是，我剛才描述的狀況，

was not the same for everyone.

並不適用於所有人。

It certainly wasn't true for those without access to the internet.

肯定不適用於無法使用 網際網路的人。

The lady who helps us with our chores in the house

幫我們處理家中雜務的女士

talked to me about her rising levels of anxiety

跟我談到她的焦慮越來越嚴重，

as she saw more and more of her friends lose their jobs.

因為她有越來越多朋友丟了飯碗。

Her friends who sold in markets, who sold at street corners,

她在市場擺攤的朋友， 在街角擺攤的朋友，

they had no customers and therefore no money

他們沒有來客，因此沒有收入，

because we were all sheltering in place.

因為我們都躲在庇護處。

While she saw my children sitting in their Zoom classes

她看著我的孩子坐著 用 Zoom 上課，和老師交談，

talking to their teachers,

her own children had to be taken to the village.

她的孩子卻得被帶去村落。

Because, you see,

因為，當所有的家長都出外賺錢，

with all the parents out trying to make some money

and no school for the kids to go to,

學校也不開放給孩子去上學，

their safety and security was no longer guaranteed.

就無法保證他們的安全和安好。

So the village was their only option.

村落是他們唯一的選項。

In my own home village of Kasama in rural Zambia,

在我的家鄉，尚比亞 鄉村地區的卡沙馬村，

a beautiful and brilliant young girl named Chomba

有個美麗、聰明的女孩瓊巴，

faces the exact same fate

也面臨的相同的命運， 無法繼續她的教育。

of not being able to continue her education.

Because, you see, they don’t have access to the internet.

因為，他們無法使用網際網路。

And the longer the pandemic rages on,

疫情肆虐得越久，

the further and further and further away

她想成為醫生的夢想 就越來越遠，越來越遠，

her dream of becoming a medical doctor go,

and the higher her chances become of becoming a teenage mum

且她也越可能會未成年就成為母親，

or getting married off as a teenager.

或者未成年就被嫁出去。

Many of us use the internet for so many things,

我們許多人用網際網路做好多事，

even if it was just talking to our parents on video calls.

即便只是用視訊和父母通話。

And we did so without a second thought to those without internet.

我們做這些事時，完全不會 想到沒有網際網路的人。

Did it ever cross your mind how they,

你可曾想過，他們，

those without internet, were coping?

沒有網際網路的人，該怎麼辦？

We live in a digital age where access to the internet

我們生活在數位時代，網際網路

is no longer a nice-to-have; it is a definite must-have.

已經不是「如果有就很好」； 而是「非有不可」。

The internet provides a tool for us to engage in democratic conversations.

網際網路提供了工具， 讓我們能參與民主談話。

We have a voice in spaces

以前，很多地方只保留給少數人， 現在我們也能在那裡發聲，

that were previously a preserve of the few,

whereas before only those who could go to TV stations,

以前，只有能上電視和廣播的人，

radio stations that have access to newspaper interviews had a say,

有門路接受報紙 訪問的人，才能發言，

now everybody can speak about issues that affect them.

現在人人都能談論影響他們的議題。

Just in the last few years,

僅在過去幾年間，我們就 見識到網際網路的力量

we have seen the power of the internet

used to connect people from across the world.

被用來連結世界各地的人。

People who don't even speak each other's languages

甚至不會說彼此語言的人

have been able to rally together

也能夠團結在一起對抗

to fight against things like racism, sexism,

比如種族歧視、性別歧視、 氣候變遷，還有很多很多。

climate change and so much more.

And globally, over two billion people do not have access to the internet.

全球，有超過二十億人 無法取得網際網路。

Two billion.

二十億。

So why should that number of two billion people concern you?

你為什麼要在乎 二十億人這個數字呢？

As I mentioned, the internet gives power to people

我先前提過，網際網路

讓人民能夠對其經濟做出貢獻，

to contribute to their economies,

to contribute to politics and to social issues.

對政治和社會議題做出貢獻。

Let me put the economic contribution into context.

讓我把經濟貢獻也納入到情境當中。

My home country of Zambia relies on agriculture.

我的祖國尚比亞仰賴的是農業。

We place a lot of emphasis on agriculture, and rightly so.

我們放了很多重心在農業上， 這是正確的做法。

Because 60 percent of the Zambian population

因為有 60% 的尚比亞人口

relies on agriculture for their livelihoods.

靠農業謀生。

That’s according to United Nations statistics.

這是聯合國的統計資料。

And yet, when we look at the numbers,

但，如果去看數字，

agriculture contributes only 7.5 percent to the country’s GDP most years.

幾乎每年，

農業對 GDP 的貢獻都只有 7.5%。

So 60 percent of the population is relying on something

所以，60% 的人口賴以維生的

方式只貢獻了 7.5% 的 GDP。

that contributes 7.5 percent to the GDP.

In contrast,

相對的，

data from 2019 showed that one developed nation

2019 年的資料顯示，已開發國家

was able to get 10 percent of its GDP contribution

有 10% 的 GDP

是來自於網際網路的力量，

from the power of the internet,

not technology more broadly,

不是更廣泛的科技，而是網際網路。

the internet.

Can you imagine what would happen

你能否想像如果有更多人 可以使用網際網路，會如何？

if more people had access to the internet?

And lest we forget,

別忘了，

access to the internet would give Chomba in my home village

網際網路能讓我家鄉村落中的瓊巴

the right to learn.

有學習的權利。

She would be able to go to school

她就可以上學，

and get closer to realizing her dream of contributing to the health sector.

更接近實現她的夢想， 為醫療部門做出貢獻。

We need to act now.

我們現在就得採取行動。

We need to actively and collectively ensure

我們大家得要一起主動去確保將來

that going forward, everyone has access to a free,

人人都能取得免費、公平、 男女平等的網際網路。

fair and feminist internet.

We cannot afford to look away

若我們自己很舒適且能上網， 就裝作沒看見，那後果

simply because we are comfortable and we have access.

我們可負擔不起。

Because we need the contribution of the two billion.

因為我們需要那二十億人的貢獻。

We need them contributing to the economies of our countries.

我們需要他們為我們 國家的經濟做出貢獻。

We need their voices in politics.

我們需要他們在政治上的聲音。

We need their voices on social issues.

我們需要他們在社會議題上的聲音。

Now, I'll be the first to admit that this is not a small task.

讓我先承認，這項任務一點也不小。

What I'm proposing, an equitable internet,

我的提議，公平的網際網路，

is a major undertaking,

是很艱鉅的工作，

but we have to start somewhere.

但我們總得從某處開始。

We need governments and development partners

我們需要政府和開發夥伴

to start to acknowledge that digital rights

開始承認，在數位時代的數位權利

in a digital era are important to every citizen of their countries:

對他們國家的每一位公民都很重要：

policies that encourage competition among technology providers;

用政策鼓勵科技供應商之間的競爭；

regulation that allows for low-cost energy solutions

用規定讓低成本能源解決方案可以

to penetrate even where it’s hard to reach;

滲透到很難觸及的每個角落；

changes to school curricula to include digital literacy;

改變學校課程，將數位素養納入；

and free internet to the lowest-income citizens.

以及提供免費網際網路 給低收入公民。

All those are just a starting point.

上述這些都只是開端。

But we also understand

但我們也了解，隨著 全世界經濟成長緩下來，

that with the world's economy slowing down,

most of our governments will not prioritize digital access.

大部分政府不會優先考量 讓大家能取得數位服務。

Most of them will default to the traditional election winners:

大部分人會選擇 能幫助贏得大選的計畫：

those infrastructure projects

那些在完成之前 就過時的基礎建築計畫。

that are outdated before they are even completed.

They will focus on those,

他們會著重那些計畫，

and those projects only benefit the middle class

而那些計畫只對中上階級的人有益，

and the upper class,

leaving the poorer even further behind.

讓更貧窮的人落後更多。

But this is where the private sector, non-profits and foundations come in.

但這就是私部門、非營利組織， 和基金會介入的時候。

They certainly have the technical skills,

它們肯定有技術技能、

the expertise and the financial resources

專業知識，和財務資源來確保

to ensure that every citizen has access to the internet.

每位公民都能使用網際網路。

And we need to start holding global corporations to account.

我們得要開始讓全球企業負起責任。

In 2020, we learned that at least 20 developing countries

2020 年，我們發現至少

有二十個開發中國家短缺了高達

were missing out on as much as 2.8 billion dollars in tax revenue

二十八億美金的稅收，

from just three big tech companies.

都是來自三家大型科技公司。

Three.

三家。

This is only a tip of the iceberg

這只是冰山一角，

because we know there are a lot of companies operating in these locations,

因為我們知道有許多公司 在這些地點營運，

but due to unfair global tax rules,

但因為不公平的全球納稅規則，

they're not giving back their fair share.

他們沒有付出相對應的比例。

We need to demand that they start to give back.

我們需要要求他們開始付出。

And give back in a way that is sustainable,

且要用永續的方式付出，

that is genuine and does not come with the conditions

是真正的付出，沒有附加條件，

that they normally attach to anything that they consider "free"

不像他們通常在這種情境下會在 他們認為「免費」的一切上面

in this context.

加上附加條件。

And to ensure sustainability,

為了確保永續性，

it can be as simple as starting to look at what has already been tested

可以從簡單的做起，如去研究 提供科技使用管道方面

in terms of providing access to technologies,

已經被測試過的東西，

bringing those up to the surface

把它們帶到檯面上，

and then working with communities to make sure that whatever is put in place

並且和社區合作， 確保所有已經上路的措施

is for the long term -- and not just for the immediate.

是放眼長期的—— 不只是解決當前的問題。

One thing we can all agree on

有一點大家都有共識，

is that there are definitely enough internet resources to go around,

那就是，網際網路資源 一定足夠大家用，

and the technology is certainly advanced enough

且科技肯定夠先進，

to make sure that everybody has access.

可以確保人人都能使用得到。

We need to figure out how we bring these resources together

我們要想辦法將這些資源整合起來，

so that Chomba in my village does not just have access to learning content

讓我村落的瓊巴

不會只能取得對她重要的學習內容，

that is relevant to her,

but that she's also able to take part in economic discussions,

同時她也能夠參與經濟討論，

in political discourse

參與政治論述，

and making sure that she has access to an internet

並確保她在網際網路上

where she is protected from online abuses such as surveillance,

能被保護不受線上 濫權影響，如監控、

intimidation and bullying.

恐嚇，及霸凌。

On [an] individual level, you and I,

就個人層面來說，你我，

those of us with access,

能上網的人，

need to stand with those that don't have.

必須要和無法上網的人並肩作戰。

We need to make sure

我們得要確保

that we are not leaving those two billion behind

我們不會丟下那二十億人，

and that we are making sure they have access

且我們能確保他們可以取得

to all the tools they need to live up to their full potential.

他們發揮最大潛力 所需要的所有工具。

So knowing how an equitable internet benefits the collective,

所以，知道了公平的網際網路 為什麼對集體有益，

how will you contribute to reducing that two billion number?

你能如何貢獻，協助減少 二十億這個數字？