Why a Free and Fair Internet Is More Vital than Ever | Priscilla Chomba-Kinywa | TED

Transcriber:

Translator: Maria Nirmala Reviewer: Azfa A

I have a question for you.

Saya punya pertanyaan buat Anda.

How would you have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic

Bagaimana Anda akan menghadapi pandemi COVID-19

if you'd had no access to the internet?

jika tidak punya akses internet?

March 2020.

Maret 2020.

I know we all want to forget,

Saya tahu kita ingin melupakan,

but allow me to take you back to March 2020.

tapi izinkan saya mengingat lagi kepada Maret 2020.

You see, it felt like one minute we were doing what we always do,

Rasanya seperti satu menit kita melakukan aktivitas kita,

going about our daily business,

menjalankan urusan kita sehari-hari,

and then we were keeping, sort of, one eye on a virus that was over there.

lalu kita melihat, semacam, menjaga satu virus untuk tetap di sana.

And then the next day, boom,

Lalu hari berikutnya, boom,

we were in a head-on collision with a pandemic

kita bertabrakan langsung dengan pandemi

that nobody knew what to do about.

yang tak ada yang tahu apa yang harus dilakukan.

Authorities jumped to action.

Pihak berwenang langsung bertindak.

Don't go to church,

Jangan pergi ke gereja,

don't go to the mosque,

jangan pergi ke masjid,

don't see your friends,

jangan menemui teman,

don't go to restaurants, don't go outside,

jangan ke restoran, jangan keluar,

don't use public transport and don't visit your parents,

jangan naik transportasi publik dan jangan kunjungi orang tua,

don't go to school,

jangan ke sekolah,

don't go to work.

jangan bekerja.

It was a barrage of "don'ts" from every direction possible.

Rentetan larangan dari segala arah.

It was a lot.

Sangat banyak.

But we adapted.

Namun kita beradaptasi.

We started to accept,

Kita mulai menerima,

and slowly we shifted more and more of what we did

dan perlahan bergeser dari yang biasa kita lakukan

from in-person to online.

secara tatap muka menjadi daring.

We started to rely on the power of the internet

Kita mulai mengandalkan kekuatan dari internet

to order our groceries online,

untuk berbelanja secara daring,

to order our meals,

memesan makanan,

to speak to our friends

berbicara kepada teman kita

or even to learn how to take care of that plant, finally.

atau bahkan untuk belajar menanam tanaman.

We used the internet to pray.

Kita menggunakan internet untuk berdoa.

We used it to exercise, to meditate, to speak to our therapists.

Kita gunakan untuk olahraga, meditasi, berbicara dengan terapis kita.

Organizations, including the one that I work with,

Organisasi, termasuk tempat di mana saya bekerja,

shifted to remote working and I was able to continue working.

beralih menjadi bekerja dari jauh sehingga saya bisa tetap dapat bekerja.

Some schools figured out how to deliver online classes,

Beberapa sekolah mencari tahu cara mengajar secara daring,

and my children only had three weeks of interruption to their learning

dan hanya tiga minggu pembelajaran anak saya terganggu

before they were back in class online.

sebelum kembali belajar secara daring.

Granted, they were in these classes wearing a school shirt and a school tie

Memang, mereka belajar dengan seragam dan dasi sekolah

with pajama bottoms,

dengan bawahan piyama,

but I couldn't do anything about it

saya tidak dapat lakukan apa pun

because I was doing pretty much the same thing

karena saya juga lakukan hal yang mirip

in my Zoom meetings.

dalam pertemuan Zoom saya.

Unfortunately, this picture that I've painted

Sayangnya, gambaran yang sudah saya lukis ini

was not the same for everyone.

tidaklah sama bagi semua orang.

It certainly wasn't true for those without access to the internet.

Ini bukan yang terjadi kepada mereka yang tak punya akses internet.

The lady who helps us with our chores in the house

Wanita yang membantu kami membersihkan rumah

talked to me about her rising levels of anxiety

bercerita tentang kekhawatirannya

as she saw more and more of her friends lose their jobs.

saat dia melihat semakin banyak temannya kehilangan pekerjaan.

Her friends who sold in markets, who sold at street corners,

Temannya yang berjualan di pasar, yang berjualan di pinggir jalan,

they had no customers and therefore no money

tak ada pelanggan sehingga tak punya uang

because we were all sheltering in place.

karena kita berlindung di dalam sebuah tempat.

While she saw my children sitting in their Zoom classes

Saat dia melihat anak-anak saya duduk di kelas Zoom

talking to their teachers,

berbicara kepada gurunya,

her own children had to be taken to the village.

anak-anaknya harus dibawa ke pedesaan.

Because, you see,

Karena, Anda tahu,

with all the parents out trying to make some money

dengan orang tua di sana mencoba menghasilkan uang

and no school for the kids to go to,

dan tidak ada sekolah untuk anak-anak,

their safety and security was no longer guaranteed.

keselamatan dan keamanannya tidak dapat lagi dijamin.

So the village was their only option.

Jadi pedesaan satu-satunya pilihan mereka.

In my own home village of Kasama in rural Zambia,

Di kampung halaman saya di Kasama di pedesaan Zambia,

a beautiful and brilliant young girl named Chomba

anak perempuan cantik dan cerdas bernama Chomba

faces the exact same fate

menghadapi nasib yang sama

of not being able to continue her education.

tidak dapat melanjutkan pendidikannya.

Because, you see, they don’t have access to the internet.

Karena, Anda tahu, mereka tidak punya akses internet.

And the longer the pandemic rages on,

Dan semakin lama pandemi berkecamuk,

the further and further and further away

semakin lama pula

her dream of becoming a medical doctor go,

mimpinya untuk menjadi seorang dokter tercapai,

and the higher her chances become of becoming a teenage mum

dan semakin tinggi peluangnya menjadi seorang ibu remaja

or getting married off as a teenager.

atau menikah sebagai seorang remaja.

Many of us use the internet for so many things,

Banyak dari kita menggunakan internet untuk berbagai macam hal,

even if it was just talking to our parents on video calls.

bahkan untuk bicara kepada orang tua lewat panggilan video.

And we did so without a second thought to those without internet.

Dan kita lakukan tanpa pikir dua kali untuk yang tak punya internet.

Did it ever cross your mind how they,

Pernahkah terpikir di pikiran Anda cara mereka,

those without internet, were coping?

mereka yang hidup tanpa internet, menghadapinya?

We live in a digital age where access to the internet

Kita hidup di zaman digital di mana akses internet

is no longer a nice-to-have; it is a definite must-have.

tidak lagi bagus untuk dimiliki; itu harus bisa dimiliki.

The internet provides a tool for us to engage in democratic conversations.

Internet menyediakan alat bagi kita terlibat dalam percakapan demokratis.

We have a voice in spaces

Kita punya suara di dalam ruang

that were previously a preserve of the few,

yang sebelumnya hanya diakses beberapa orang

whereas before only those who could go to TV stations,

di mana hanya mereka yang dapat pergi ke stasiun TV,

radio stations that have access to newspaper interviews had a say,

stasiun radio yang punya akses untuk wawancara surat kabar,

now everybody can speak about issues that affect them.

sekarang semua orang bisa bicara tentang masalah yang dihadapinya.

Just in the last few years,

Beberapa tahun terakhir,

we have seen the power of the internet

kita bisa lihat kekuatan internet

used to connect people from across the world.

digunakan untuk menghubungkan orang dari seluruh dunia.

People who don't even speak each other's languages

Orang yang bahkan tidak bicara dalam bahasa yang sama

have been able to rally together

sudah bisa berkumpul bersama

to fight against things like racism, sexism,

untuk melawan rasisme, seksisme,

climate change and so much more.

perubahan iklim dan lebih banyak lagi.

And globally, over two billion people do not have access to the internet.

Secara global, lebih dari dua miliar orang tidak punya akses internet.

Two billion.

Dua miliar.

So why should that number of two billion people concern you?

Jadi mengapa angka tersebut harus Anda perhatikan?

As I mentioned, the internet gives power to people

Seperti yang sudah dikatakan, internet memberi kekuatan bagi orang

to contribute to their economies,

berkontribusi terhadap ekonominya,

to contribute to politics and to social issues.

berkontribusi terhadap politik dan juga masalah sosial.

Let me put the economic contribution into context.

Izinkan saya menempatkan kontribusi ekonomi dalam konteks.

My home country of Zambia relies on agriculture.

Negara asal saya Zambia mengandalkan pertanian.

We place a lot of emphasis on agriculture, and rightly so.

Kami menempatkan banyak tekanan pada pertanian, dan memang demikian.

Because 60 percent of the Zambian population

Karena 60 persen dari populasi Zambia

relies on agriculture for their livelihoods.

mengandalkan pertanian untuk mata pencahariannya.

That’s according to United Nations statistics.

Itu menurut statistika Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa.

And yet, when we look at the numbers,

Namun, saat kita melihat angkanya,

agriculture contributes only 7.5 percent to the country’s GDP most years.

pertanian hanya menyumbang 7,5 persen PDB negara itu hampir setiap tahun.

So 60 percent of the population is relying on something

Jadi 60 persen populasi mengandalkan sesuatu

that contributes 7.5 percent to the GDP.

yang menyumbang 7,5 persen terhadap PDB.

In contrast,

Sebaliknya,

data from 2019 showed that one developed nation

data dari 2019 menunjukkan bahwa satu negara maju

was able to get 10 percent of its GDP contribution

bisa mendapatkan 10 persen dari kontribusi PDB

from the power of the internet,

berkat kekuatan dari internet,

not technology more broadly,

bukan dari teknologi secara luas,

the internet.

internet.

Can you imagine what would happen

Bisa Anda bayangkan yang akan terjadi

if more people had access to the internet?

jika semakin banyak orang punya akses internet?

And lest we forget,

Dan jangan sampai lupa,

access to the internet would give Chomba in my home village

adanya akses internet akan memberi Chomba di desa saya

the right to learn.

hak untuk belajar.

She would be able to go to school

Dia akan bisa pergi ke sekolah

and get closer to realizing her dream of contributing to the health sector.

dan semakin dekat meraih mimpinya berkontribusi di sektor kesehatan.

We need to act now.

Kita perlu bertindak sekarang.

We need to actively and collectively ensure

Kita perlu secara aktif dan kolektif memastikan

that going forward, everyone has access to a free,

bahwa ke depan, semua orang punya akses internet

fair and feminist internet.

yang gratis, adil dan feminis.

We cannot afford to look away

Kita tidak boleh berpaling

simply because we are comfortable and we have access.

hanya karena kita nyaman dan punya akses.

Because we need the contribution of the two billion.

Karena kita perlu kontribusi dari dua miliar orang itu.

We need them contributing to the economies of our countries.

Kita perlu mereka berkontribusi terhadap ekonomi negara kita.

We need their voices in politics.

Kita butuh suara mereka dalam politik.

We need their voices on social issues.

Kita butuh suara mereka dalam isu-isu sosial.

Now, I'll be the first to admit that this is not a small task.

Sekarang, harus saya akui ini bukan tugas yang kecil.

What I'm proposing, an equitable internet,

Apa yang saya usulkan, internet yang adil,

is a major undertaking,

adalah pekerjaan yang besar,

but we have to start somewhere.

tapi kita harus memulainya.

We need governments and development partners

Kita butuh pemerintah dan mitra pembangunan

to start to acknowledge that digital rights

untuk mulai mengakui bahwa hak digital

in a digital era are important to every citizen of their countries:

di era digital adalah penting bagi setiap warga negaranya:

policies that encourage competition among technology providers;

kebijakan yang mendorong persaingan di antara penyedia teknologi;

regulation that allows for low-cost energy solutions

regulasi yang memungkinkan solusi energi berbiaya rendah

to penetrate even where it’s hard to reach;

untuk menembus mana pun yang bahkan sulit dijangkau;

changes to school curricula to include digital literacy;

perubahan kurikulum sekolah yang menyertakan literasi digital;

and free internet to the lowest-income citizens.

serta internet gratis bagi yang berpenghasilan rendah.

All those are just a starting point.

Semua itu hanyalah titik awal.

But we also understand

Tapi kami juga memahami

that with the world's economy slowing down,

bahwa dengan ekonomi dunia melambat,

most of our governments will not prioritize digital access.

sebagian pemerintah kita tidak akan memprioritaskan akses digital.

Most of them will default to the traditional election winners:

Sebagian besar otomatis beralih pada pemenang pemilihan tradisional:

those infrastructure projects

proyek infrastruktur

that are outdated before they are even completed.

yang sudah ketinggalan zaman bahkan sebelum diselesaikan.

They will focus on those,

Mereka akan fokus pada hal itu,

and those projects only benefit the middle class

dan proyek tersebut hanya memberi manfaat pada kelas menengah

and the upper class,

dan kelas atas,

leaving the poorer even further behind.

meninggalkan yang lebih miskin jauh di belakang

But this is where the private sector, non-profits and foundations come in.

Tapi di sinilah sektor swasta, organisasi nirlaba dan yayasan berperan.

They certainly have the technical skills,

Mereka tentu punya keterampilan teknis,

the expertise and the financial resources

keahlian dan sumber daya keuangan

to ensure that every citizen has access to the internet.

untuk memastikan setiap warganya punya akses internet.

And we need to start holding global corporations to account.

Dan kita perlu mulai minta tanggung jawab dari korporasi global.

In 2020, we learned that at least 20 developing countries

Di 2020, kami mengetahui setidaknya ada 20 negara berkembang

were missing out on as much as 2.8 billion dollars in tax revenue

kehilangan sebanyak 2,8 miliar dolar pendapatan pajak

from just three big tech companies.

hanya dari tiga perusahaan teknologi besar.

Three.

Tiga.

This is only a tip of the iceberg

Ini hanya masalah kecil yang tampak.

because we know there are a lot of companies operating in these locations,

karena kita tahu ada banyak perusahaan yang beroperasi di lokasi-lokasi ini,

but due to unfair global tax rules,

tapi karena aturan pajak global yang tidak adil,

they're not giving back their fair share.

mereka tidak kembalikan dengan porsi adil.

We need to demand that they start to give back.

Kita perlu menuntut mereka untuk memberi kembali.

And give back in a way that is sustainable,

Memberi kembali dengan cara yang berkelanjutan,

that is genuine and does not come with the conditions

yang asli dan tidak dengan kondisi

that they normally attach to anything that they consider "free"

yang biasa mereka kaitkan pada apa pun yang dianggap “gratis”

in this context.

dalam konteks ini.

And to ensure sustainability,

Untuk memastikan keberlanjutan,

it can be as simple as starting to look at what has already been tested

bisa sesederhana dengan mulai melihat pada apa yang sudah diuji

in terms of providing access to technologies,

dalam hal menyediakan akses ke teknologi,

bringing those up to the surface

membawanya ke permukaan

and then working with communities to make sure that whatever is put in place

lalu bekerja dengan komunitas untuk memastikan apa pun yang ditempatkan

is for the long term -- and not just for the immediate.

untuk jangka panjang -- dan bukan hanya untuk sesaat.

One thing we can all agree on

Satu hal yang kita sepakati

is that there are definitely enough internet resources to go around,

tentunya ada cukup sumber daya internet yang bisa dibagikan.

and the technology is certainly advanced enough

dan teknologinya tentu saja cukup

to make sure that everybody has access.

untuk memastikan semua orang punya akses.

We need to figure out how we bring these resources together

Kita perlu mencari tahu cara membawa sumber daya ini bersama-sama

so that Chomba in my village does not just have access to learning content

sehingga Chomba di desa saya tidak hanya punya akses pembelajaran

that is relevant to her,

yang relevan dengannya,

but that she's also able to take part in economic discussions,

tapi dia juga bisa ambil bagian dalam diskusi ekonomi,

in political discourse

dalam wacana politik

and making sure that she has access to an internet

dan memastikan dia punya akses terhadap internet

where she is protected from online abuses such as surveillance,

tempat dia dilindungi dari penyalahgunaan seperti pengawasan,

intimidation and bullying.

intimidasi dan perundungan.

On [an] individual level, you and I,

Pada tingkat individu, Anda dan saya,

those of us with access,

kita yang punya akses,

need to stand with those that don't have.

perlu mendukung mereka yang tidak punya.

We need to make sure

Kita harus pastikan

that we are not leaving those two billion behind

bahwa kita tidak meninggalkan dua miliar orang itu

and that we are making sure they have access

dan kita memastikan mereka punya akses

to all the tools they need to live up to their full potential.

ke semua alat yang dibutuhkan untuk hidup mengembangkan potensinya.

So knowing how an equitable internet benefits the collective,

Jadi, ketika tahu internet yang adil memberi manfaat secara kolektif,

how will you contribute to reducing that two billion number?

bagaimana cara Anda berkontribusi untuk mengurangi dua miliar orang itu?