Why Indigenous Forest Guardianship is Crucial to Climate Action | Nonette Royo | TED

翻译人员: Madelyn Wu 校对人员: Yip Yan Yeung

I come from a small island called Camiguin in southern Philippines,

我来自菲律宾南部的 一座小岛卡米金（Camiguin），

land of seven volcanoes and the famous sweet lanzones fruits.

这座小岛有七座火山， 盛产香甜可口的龙贡。

As a kid, I would go to the forest with my father, a healer.

孩提时代，我经常与父亲同去森林， 他是一名环境修复人员。

He would take me by the hand and whisper,

他一边牵着我的手，一边轻声说：

"Tabi apo!"

“Tabi apo!”

"Permit me," to respect spirit, the majesty of giant trees.

也就是“劳驾”， 这是为尊重林中参天巨木的灵。

Often he would look me straight in the eye and say,

通常父亲会看着我的眼睛说：

"Spirits, forests, lanzones.

“灵、森林、龙贡，

They nurture us.

它们养育了我们，

You nurture them back.

你也应该保护它们，

You work with the people who know how."

要和专业的人一起保护。”

I share this pain.

我对这番话深有感触。

Now seeing our world's tropical rainforests cut down,

如今，地球上的热带雨林一片片倒下，

hearing the cry of the world’s wildlife, losing their habitats,

野生动物因失去家园而呼喊哀嚎，

listening to reports of forest guardians under threat.

护林员惨遭生命威胁。

In 2020, over 200 Indigenous and environmental defenders were lost.

仅 2020 年，就有 200 多名 土著人和环保人员失去生命，

Illegal loggers, illegal logging

这其中将近有三分之一

is linked to almost a third of these murders.

死于非法伐木工和非法伐木。

With their deaths and the death of forests,

森林在消失， 环保卫士的生命在逝去，

something is also lost in us.

我们也缺失着什么，

Our abilities to survive the climate crisis.

那就是应对气候危机的能力。

Pressure is building.

我们的压力渐渐增大。

At COP26 last year, governments, NGOs, corporations

在第 26 届联合国气候变化大会上， 各国政府、非政府组织和企业

all say yes to protecting forests and land rights

一致同意保护森林和土地权，

and call on Indigenous peoples, guardians of standing forests, for help.

呼吁向土著人和护林员寻求帮助。

Finally, we all agree.

最终，我们都达成了共识。

We work with the people who know how,

用我父亲的话说，

in my father's words.

我们和专业人员一起保护森林。

Over 20 years ago in my own hometown in southern Philippines,

20 多年前， 在我的家乡，菲律宾南部的卡米金，

Indigenous peoples, activists,

土著人民和环保积极分子

all put their own lives on the line as fighters.

像英勇的战士一样冒着生命危险，

They protect their forests against illegal loggers,

同企图掠夺土地的非法伐木工、

companies and miners who want to take their land.

非法企业和采矿工作斗争， 守护着这片森林。

My own fiancée,

我的未婚夫，

a brave Indigenous young man,

一名年轻勇敢的土著人，

was killed in that fight.

就在这场斗争中牺牲了。

For years, I thought I was a coward.

多年来，我一直觉得自己是个懦夫，

Unlike my fiancée, I chose the pen, not the gun.

我没有像我的未婚夫那样， 而是以笔代枪。

I chose to set up a legal defense organization,

我选择建立一个合法的环保组织，

stood with brave Indigenous women and men as barefoot lawyers.

和众多勇敢的土著人 一起当个赤脚律师。

I struggled between hope and fear

我在希望和恐惧中苦苦挣扎，

when they asked,

每当他们问起：

"Can we really trust the laws?"

“我们真的能相信法律吗？”

I barely had time to ponder.

我都没有太多时间去思考。

You see, when Indigenous peoples, activists protested,

大家都能看到， 土著人和环保积极分子在抗议的时候，

they were tagged as communists.

都被打上了激进分子的标签。

So we set up quick reaction teams

所以我们成立了快速反应小组，

to respond 24/7 to their legal needs.

24 小时回应他们的法律需求。

And this work led to the passage

这项工作促使

of an ancestral domain law in the Philippines

菲律宾政府通过了祖传领地法，

that set up an Indigenous People's Commission

设立土著人委员会

and recognized 4 million hectares of ancestral land claims.

并承认了 400 万公顷 土著人祖传领地。

This --

这——

(Applause)

（掌声）

was shared through Indonesia's legal aid and legal rights defenders

也多亏了印度尼西亚的 法律援助和合法权利捍卫者，

who work and strengthen the Indonesia’s Alliance of Indigenous Peoples,

他们服务于印度尼西亚土著人联盟， 加强了该组织的信念，

and they won their forest land rights case in court.

还在法庭上打赢了林地权纠纷一案。

Today 476-million-strong Indigenous peoples

如今， 4.76 亿强壮有力的土著人

look after 80 percent of our world’s biodiversity.

守卫着地球上 80% 的生物。

So I joined the Tenure Facility five years ago.

五年前，我加入了 权利服务机构Tenure Facility。

Based in Stockholm,

这个机构总部在斯德哥尔摩，

we finance

主要资助

mapping and legal defense of collective land rights,

地图测绘和集体土地 所有权的合法保护，

so communities globally can protect themselves,

以便全球土著人团体能保护自己、

protect forests and protect nature.

保护森林、保护自然。

This is how we do it.

我们采取的方法，

We work with credible communities

就是和守卫森林的团体合作，

who are forest guardians

他们满腔热忱，

positioned to protect large tracts of tropical rainforest

保护着亚马逊、中美洲、

in the Amazon and Central America,

刚果盆地和亚洲热带地区的

Congo Basin and tropical Asia.

大片雨林。

And in these countries,

以上这些国家已经出台了

laws and policies already exist to recognize rights,

承认土著人林地权的法律和政策，

but they're not implemented.

但尚未实施。

Because communities and their partners in government

因为各个团体及其合作的政府伙伴

lack support, funding and capacity to turn this promise to reality.

缺乏支持、资金和付诸实践的能力。

For example,

举个例子，

in Panama, we assisted the Federation of Indigenous Peoples COONAPIP

在巴拿马，我们与国家土著人协调机构 （COONAPIP）

and their ally in government,

及其在政府的支持者合作，

and now they've recognized 200,000 hectares of their Indigenous lands,

现在，他们承认了 20 万公顷土著人领地，

and today they protect a million hectares of Indigenous people’s lands and forests,

还将一百万公顷的土著人领地和林地

and they monitor it.

纳入保护和监测范围。

In Liberia, we worked with 24 customary communities

在利比亚，我们与 24 个传统团体

and their allies in government

及其在政府的支持者，

and women land rights groups.

以及妇女土地权保护组织合作。

And they now recognize and protect

如今他们承认并保护着

600,000 hectares of their customary land and forests.

60 万公顷土著人领地和林地。

In Indonesia, we assisted the Alliance of Indigenous Peoples,

在印度尼西亚， 我们和当地土著人联盟、

and farmers and women,

农民和妇女合作，

and they together recognized and registered 1.2 million hectares

如今他们承认并登记了 120 万公顷的

of their ancestral land claims and forests.

土著人领地和林地，

And together they buffer large tracts of forest in Indonesia.

还将印度尼西亚的 大片森林纳入保护范围。

Protecting rights to manage lands and forests

保护土地和森林管理权

is not only protecting biodiversity,

不仅是在保护生物多样性，

it is also a climate change solution.

还是在解决气候变化问题。

And it is a very powerful leverage to our world's climate mitigation work.

它对缓解气候变化 有着举足轻重的影响，

And it is supporting the visions

还支持着土著人民

of intergenerational stewardship

代际管理的

of Indigenous peoples.

美好愿景。

We have shown it's possible.

我们已证明了其可行性。

Today, since 2017,

2017 年至今，

Indigenous peoples, our partners,

我们的土著人伙伴

have advanced recognition of their land rights and forests

进一步承认了 1400 万公顷的

to up to 14 million hectares,

领地和林地，

benefitting seven million people in 12 countries.

惠及 12 个国家的 700 万人口。

And with TED’s Audacious support,

有了TED的Audacious项目的支持，

we can leverage this momentum

我们能乘势而上，

and expand, secure and protect

继续扩大并守护多达

up to 50 million hectares of land and forests.

5000 万公顷的土地和森林，

And reach --

并——

(Applause)

（掌声）

reach 50 million forest guardians in the next five years.

并在五年内 将护林员扩充至 5000 万名。

What we've learned is that when in the midst of environmental destruction,

在环境破坏、冲突和刑事化之间，

conflict and criminalization,

我们发现

land tenure serves as a bridge.

土地所有权起到了桥梁作用，

It is an important link

它的连接作用至关重要，

that generates this possibility of opening minds and hearts

让小众群体、土著人、 政府和私人企业

for unusual parties, Indigenous peoples, governments, private sector,

打开思想、放宽心态，

to come together to find a common solution for a sustainable planet.

携手找到让地球 可持续发展的统一方案。

Already with secure tenure,

在已经得到土地权的前提下，

we see

我们看到了

conflicts resolved, less deforestation.

冲突得以化解、森林砍伐得以遏制。

And most importantly, women.

最重要的还有 发生在妇女身上的变化，

Women have increased support for their role as forest guardians,

妇女作为护林员、传统知识所有者、

as holders of traditional knowledge

土地使用决策者，

and as decision makers for land use,

以及传统知识守护者的角色

keepers of traditional knowledge.

得到了进一步支持。

And our youth,

我们的下一代，

Indigenous youth are coming home.

以及土著人的下一代都在返乡归巢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

My journey with Indigenous peoples has taught me deep humility and respect.

和土著人同行的这段旅程 让我学会了谦卑和尊重。

Knowing the dangers of protecting forests

明知保护森林危险重重，

they persist, they put their own families,

他们仍然坚持着，倾举家之力、

their culture, their own lives on the line

整个部落之力，用自己的生命

in order to secure our world's chance,

保护世界的生机、

your chance,

你们的生机、

my chance,

我的生机，

for a livable future.

从而打造生机盎然的未来。

No one should have to die protecting forests.

人不该为保护森林而死，

We all have a choice, all of us, to stand as allies,

我们所有人都可以携起手来，

to protect the protectors of our future, to restore balance,

保护替我们守护未来的人群， 恢复生态平衡，

to survive the climate crisis.

应对气候危机。

Let us work with the people who know how.

让我们和专业的人共同努力， 保护森林。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）