Why Indigenous Forest Guardianship is Crucial to Climate Action | Nonette Royo | TED

譯者: Karen Feuerstein 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

I come from a small island called Camiguin in southern Philippines,

我來自菲律賓南方的一個小島 叫卡米金島,

land of seven volcanoes and the famous sweet lanzones fruits.

上面有七座火山和著名甜美的人参果。

As a kid, I would go to the forest with my father, a healer.

在我小時候, 我會和父親, 一位自然療法者去森林。

He would take me by the hand and whisper,

他會拉著我的手並且低聲說，

"Tabi apo!"

“塔畢阿波!”

"Permit me," to respect spirit, the majesty of giant trees.

“准許我“, 由此來尊重這些大樹的靈體。

Often he would look me straight in the eye and say,

他常常直直的看著眼睛對我說，

"Spirits, forests, lanzones.

“靈體, 森林和人参果．＂

They nurture us.

它們滋養了我們。

You nurture them back.

你要回報它們的滋養。

You work with the people who know how."

你要和知道如何做這事的人一起工作。

I share this pain.

我分享這份傷痛。

Now seeing our world's tropical rainforests cut down,

現今看到世界上的熱帶雨林被砍伐，

hearing the cry of the world’s wildlife, losing their habitats,

聽到世界上的野生動物的哭泣， 失去了它們的棲息地，

listening to reports of forest guardians under threat.

聽到了森林守護者被威脅的報告。

In 2020, over 200 Indigenous and environmental defenders were lost.

在2020年，有超過200座原始森林和 環境保護人士失去生命。

Illegal loggers, illegal logging

非法的盜木者， 非法的盜木，

is linked to almost a third of these murders.

有三分之一和這些謀殺案有關。

With their deaths and the death of forests,

跟著這些逝者和死去的森林，

something is also lost in us.

我們也失去了一些東西。

Our abilities to survive the climate crisis.

我們在氣候變遷存活下來 的能力。

Pressure is building.

壓力正在上升中。

At COP26 last year, governments, NGOs, corporations

在去年的COP26上， 政府， 非政府組織和企業，

all say yes to protecting forests and land rights

都說要保護森林和土地的權利，

and call on Indigenous peoples, guardians of standing forests, for help.

並叫原住民， 站立的森林保護者， 來尋求幫忙。

Finally, we all agree.

終於， 大家都同意。

We work with the people who know how,

用我父親的話來說，

in my father's words.

我們和知道如何做的人工作。

Over 20 years ago in my own hometown in southern Philippines,

在過去２０年裏在菲律賓南部， 我的家鄉

Indigenous peoples, activists,

原住民， 都投入

all put their own lives on the line as fighters.

他們自己的生命做為 一個戰士奮戰中。

They protect their forests against illegal loggers,

他們反對非法伐木者， 公司和挖礦者

companies and miners who want to take their land.

要來拿走他們的土地， 以保衛森林。

My own fiancée,

我自己的未婚夫，

a brave Indigenous young man,

一位勇敢的原住民，

was killed in that fight.

在那場戰鬥裏被殺害。

For years, I thought I was a coward.

多年過去， 我覺得我是一個懦夫。

Unlike my fiancée, I chose the pen, not the gun.

與我未婚夫不同， 我選擇用筆而非槍枝。

I chose to set up a legal defense organization,

我選擇建立一個合法 辯護組織，

stood with brave Indigenous women and men as barefoot lawyers.

與原住民女性和赤手空拳的 男性律師站在一起。

I struggled between hope and fear

我掙扎在希望和恐懼當中，

when they asked,

當他們問道，

"Can we really trust the laws?"

＂我們真的可以相信法律?＂

I barely had time to ponder.

我幾乎没有時間去思考。

You see, when Indigenous peoples, activists protested,

你看， 當原住民的保護活動裏，

they were tagged as communists.

他們被貼上共產主義的標籤。

So we set up quick reaction teams

所以當我們建立迅速的反應小組

to respond 24/7 to their legal needs.

來回應他們24小時的合法需求。

And this work led to the passage

並且因為這項工作

of an ancestral domain law in the Philippines

導致了在菲律賓通過了祖域法，

that set up an Indigenous People's Commission

建立了原住民的人民委員會，

and recognized 4 million hectares of ancestral land claims.

並且認可了400公頃祖傳 土地的要求申請。

This --

這

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

was shared through Indonesia's legal aid and legal rights defenders

通過印尼法律援助 和合法維權者，

who work and strengthen the Indonesia’s Alliance of Indigenous Peoples,

加強印尼的原住民土地連盟 一同工作，

and they won their forest land rights case in court.

他們在法庭裏贏回了森林 土地所有權。

Today 476-million-strong Indigenous peoples

現今有４億７千６百萬原住民

look after 80 percent of our world’s biodiversity.

守護著百分之八十我們世界 的生物多樣性。

So I joined the Tenure Facility five years ago.

因此我五年前加入“Tenure Facility“。

Based in Stockholm,

在斯德哥爾摩成立的，

we finance

我們金援

mapping and legal defense of collective land rights,

測繪和法律辯護集體 土地權利，

so communities globally can protect themselves,

因此全球社區可以保護他們自己，

protect forests and protect nature.

保護森林和保護自然。

This is how we do it.

這是我們的方法。

We work with credible communities

我們定位於

who are forest guardians

保護大片熱帶雨林

positioned to protect large tracts of tropical rainforest

和森林守護者的可信的社區工作。

in the Amazon and Central America,

在亞馬遜和中美洲，

Congo Basin and tropical Asia.

剛果盆地和熱帶亞洲。

And in these countries,

在這些國家當中，

laws and policies already exist to recognize rights,

承認權利的法律和政策已經存在，

but they're not implemented.

但是尚未實施。

Because communities and their partners in government

因為社區和他們在政府的夥伴

lack support, funding and capacity to turn this promise to reality.

缺少支持， 資金和能力把這份 承諾變為現實。

For example,

例如，

in Panama, we assisted the Federation of Indigenous Peoples COONAPIP

在巴拿馬，我們協住原住民聯邦COONAPIP

and their ally in government,

和他們的政府裏的盟友，

and now they've recognized 200,000 hectares of their Indigenous lands,

現在他們已經認可了２０萬頃 原住民土地，

and today they protect a million hectares of Indigenous people’s lands and forests,

今日他們保護了一百萬公頃 原住民的土地和森林，

and they monitor it.

他們在監控中。

In Liberia, we worked with 24 customary communities

在利比亞我們和２４個 傳統社區工作，

and their allies in government

和他們政府裏的同盟

and women land rights groups.

和女性土地權益圑體工作。

And they now recognize and protect

並且他們認可和保護

600,000 hectares of their customary land and forests.

６０萬公頃他們的傳統土地和森林。

In Indonesia, we assisted the Alliance of Indigenous Peoples,

在印尼， 我們協助原住民同盟，

and farmers and women,

農夫和女性，

and they together recognized and registered 1.2 million hectares

他們一起認可並登記了一百二十萬公頃的

of their ancestral land claims and forests.

祖傳土地和森林的爭取。

And together they buffer large tracts of forest in Indonesia.

圑結在一起印尼的大片森林 得到了緩衝。

Protecting rights to manage lands and forests

保護了土地和森林的權利

is not only protecting biodiversity,

並不止是保護了生物的多樣性，

it is also a climate change solution.

這也是氣候變遷的解決方式。

And it is a very powerful leverage to our world's climate mitigation work.

對於世界氣候變遷的工作是一個 非常強而有力的槓桿工作。

And it is supporting the visions

原住民的代理

of intergenerational stewardship

管理支持著

of Indigenous peoples.

這個願景。

We have shown it's possible.

我們表現出這是可能的。

Today, since 2017,

從2017年到今天

Indigenous peoples, our partners,

原住民， 我們的伙伴，

have advanced recognition of their land rights and forests

有先進的認可他們土地權益和森林

to up to 14 million hectares,

高逹了一千４萬公頃，

benefitting seven million people in 12 countries.

造福了在１２個國家的 七百萬人民。

And with TED’s Audacious support,

在TED的大膽支持下，

we can leverage this momentum

我們可以利用這種情勢

and expand, secure and protect

並擴展、確認和保護

up to 50 million hectares of land and forests.

高達 5000 萬公頃 土地和森林。

And reach --

並延伸

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

reach 50 million forest guardians in the next five years.

在未來五年可以延伸至5千萬名 森林守護者。

What we've learned is that when in the midst of environmental destruction,

我們學到當環境在 被破壞當中，

conflict and criminalization,

衝突和刑事定罪，

land tenure serves as a bridge.

土地的使用權是一座橋樑。

It is an important link

它是重要的連繫

that generates this possibility of opening minds and hearts

產生了這種開放的思想 和心靈的可能性，

for unusual parties, Indigenous peoples, governments, private sector,

對尋常的圑體， 原住民， 政府和私營部門，

to come together to find a common solution for a sustainable planet.

為了永續經營的地球，一起找到一個 共同的解決方式。

Already with secure tenure,

已經有了穩定期，

we see

我們可預期，

conflicts resolved, less deforestation.

衝突的解決和減少失去森林。

And most importantly, women.

並且最重要的部份， 女性。

Women have increased support for their role as forest guardians,

女性增加了她們在森林守護 的角色上的支持，

as holders of traditional knowledge

如同傳統知識的守護人

and as decision makers for land use,

像一位土地使用者一樣做著決定，

keepers of traditional knowledge.

傳統知識的保持人。

And our youth,

我們的年輕人，

Indigenous youth are coming home.

原住民年輕人正在回家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

My journey with Indigenous peoples has taught me deep humility and respect.

在過程中原住民教會我 至深的人性和尊重。

Knowing the dangers of protecting forests

知道保護森林的危險性，

they persist, they put their own families,

他們堅持並放下自己的家庭，

their culture, their own lives on the line

他們的文化，他們的生命在前線上，

in order to secure our world's chance,

為了確保我們世界的機會，

your chance,

你的機會，

my chance,

我的機會，

for a livable future.

為了一個可生存的未來。

No one should have to die protecting forests.

没有人應該為了保護森林而死。

We all have a choice, all of us, to stand as allies,

我們所有人都有選擇， 像同盟一樣站在一起，

to protect the protectors of our future, to restore balance,

來保護我們未來的守護者 去重新找到平衡，

to survive the climate crisis.

從氣候危機裏存活下來。

Let us work with the people who know how.

讓我們和了解這件事的人一起工作。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）