We Actually Have a Shot at Stopping the Climate Crisis | Asmeret Asefaw Berhe | TED

翻译人员: Alvin Lee 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

Eighty percent filthy.

80% 仍然是不清洁的。

That's how much energy the American population still derives

这是美国人仍然从化石燃料中

from fossil fuels.

获取的能源量。

Deployment of clean energy,

部署清洁能源，

even at today's rapidly accelerating pace,

即便是在今天这么快的速度下，

is simply not enough to halt the climate crisis.

也根本不足以阻止气候危机。

Going forward,

接下来，

if we're going to reduce the risk of overshoot of global temperature

如果我们要降低全球气温上升

beyond two degrees C,

超过 2 摄氏度的风险，

we also have to reduce the amount of CO2 that remains in the atmosphere.

我们还必须减少大气中 残留的二氧化碳量。

The team I lead, the US Department of Energy's Office of Science,

我领导的美国能源部 科学办公室团队，

is part of an unprecedented national effort

与国内其他部门一起做出空前努力，

to get us to net-zero emissions by 2050.

旨在让我们在2050年前 实现净零排放。

To achieve our goals,

为了实现这一目标，

we're aiming to establish a transformative ecosystem of innovation

我们试图建立一个变革性的 创新生态系统

that achieves major innovations in science and technology

在去除二氧化碳的科学和技术方面

for carbon dioxide removal.

实现重大创新。

Innovations and policy and regulations to enable the nascent sector

创新、政策和法规 使新兴的二氧化碳去除领域

on carbon dioxide removal to grow

得以发展，

and innovations to engage more people in our quest to finding

并通过创新吸引更多的人加入我们，

and implementing sweeping solutions.

寻找和实施全面的解决方案。

We need major breakthroughs across multiple arenas,

我们需要在多个领域取得重大突破，

and we need it fast.

而且动作要快。

So how do we go about this?

那么我们该如何去做呢？

Energy Earthshots.

“能源登月计划”。

The Biden-Harris administration's Earthshot initiative

拜登-哈里斯政府的“能源登月计划”倡议

is inspired by President Kennedy's Moonshot initiative

灵感来自肯尼迪总统的“登月计划”，

that aimed to land a man on the moon.

后者的目标是将人类送上月球。

I think that's a perfect model for what we need to achieve here.

我觉得它跟我们目前的目标 有异曲同工之妙。

To achieve the goals of the Moonshot initiative,

为了实现“登月计划”目标，

the nation needed to establish a new,

国家需要建立一个全新的，

广阔的空间技术创新生态系统。

expansive ecosystem of innovation in space technologies.

It required an all-hands-on-deck approach that included government,

它需要所有人竭尽全力，包括政府、

included educators,

教育工作者、

private sector, industry

私营企业主、工业部门，

and, of course, scientists and engineers and more.

当然还有科学家和工程师等等。

Now with the Department of Energy,

现在，在能源部，

we're launching a similarly ambitious effort

我们正在启动一项同样 雄心勃勃的举措，

to enable a portfolio of approaches

以实现一系列的方法，

that range from basic science to application of science

从基础科学到科学应用，

to technology development

到技术开发

and for large-scale deployment.

和大规模部署。

These approaches are needed to balance the benefits,

我们有多种气候途径和清洁能源途径，

trade offs and limitations

能加快实现

of several climate and clean energy pathways

我们所需的解决方案， 但我们需要前面提到的方法，

that are needed to accelerate the timeline for achieving the solutions that we need.

来平衡它们产生的利益、 权衡和局限性。

We've launched seven Earthshots so far.

到目前为止，我们已经启动了 7 个 “能源登月计划”。

But as a soil scientist,

但是作为一名土壤科学家，

I'm particularly excited to tell you today about the Carbon Negative Shot.

我非常兴奋能为大家介绍 “负碳计划”。

This shot depends on a strong science foundation

这一计划基于一个强大的科学基础，

to enable durable,

就是要实现可持续的、

scalable and responsible carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere

可规模化的和可靠的二氧化碳移除，

at a cost of less than 100 dollars per metric ton of CO2 equivalent,

成本要低于 100 美元每吨，

including accounting for full life cycle of emissions within a decade.

包括考虑 10 年内的 整个生命周期的排放。

But we need to be able to measure and verify it too.

但是我们也需要能够 对其进行测量和验证。

Achieving the goals of the Carbon Negative Shot

要实现“负碳计划”

requires that we advance and employ nature-based solutions

需要推进和采用基于自然的解决方案，

and engineer new technologies.

并发展新技术。

On one hand,

一方面，

we get to learn from nature

我们可以向大自然学习，

to enhance the ability of plants to take up atmospheric CO2

以增强植物吸收大气中 二氧化碳的能力，

and promote soil carbon sequestration,

并促进土壤碳封存，

which we can enable via land use change and land management.

我们可以通过 改变土地管理来实现这一点。

On the other hand,

另一方面，

我们的目标是推动基础材料 和化学的发展，

we aim to advance fundamental material and chemical sciences

to develop capabilities

以发展从稀释源 （二氧化碳浓度相对较低的来源）中

for energy-efficient capture of CO2 from dilute sources.

高效捕捉二氧化碳的能力。

This includes development of direct air capture sorbents

这包括开发直接从空气中

for ambient CO2

捕获二氧化碳的吸附剂

and systems that are needed to durably store the captured carbon.

以及可以长期储存被捕获碳的装置。

But that's not all we need.

但这还不够

We also need a human-centered component to the Carbon Negative Shot

我们还需要在“负碳计划”中 加入以人为本的部分

to ensure an equitable transition towards a decarbonized energy system.

以确保向脱碳能源系统的公平过渡。

We need to make sure that we realize the full benefits

我们要确保充分实现

of all these capabilities we're putting out.

推出的所有功能的全部优势。

And in addition to removing legacy CO2 from the atmosphere,

而且，除了从大气中 清除遗留的二氧化碳外，

the goals that we're pursuing as part of the Carbon Negative Shot

作为“负碳计划”的一部分， 我们追求的目标

also have multiple potential additional co-benefits,

还有很多潜在的额外协同效应，

including improving soil health

包括为依靠土壤生存的社区

for communities who depend on soil for their livelihood,

改善土壤健康，

reducing air pollution

减少空气污染

and creation of good jobs.

和创造良好就业机会。

But to realize all these benefits,

但是，为了实现所有这些好处，

we need to make sure that people from all walks of life are at the table

我们需要确保，在就气候目标

when critical decisions are being made about our climate goals

以及如何实现这些目标 做出关键决策时，

and how we achieve these goals.

各行各业的人们都应该坐在谈判桌前。

For me, as an academic,

对我来说，作为一名学者，

and now a leader for a major science agency for the nation,

同时也是美国一家 主要科学机构的领导人，

this means we need to significantly revamp our support

这意味着我们需要大幅调整支持力度，

for broadening participation efforts in STEM.

以提升 STEM 领域的参与效果。

We need to continue to contribute towards building a vibrant STEM workforce

我们要继续为国家 建设一支充满活力的

STEM 队伍。

for the nation.

A workforce that will abide by principles of environmental justice

一支在流程的每一步

at every step of the process.

都遵守环境正义原则的队伍。

We need this to make sure that the science we're enabling

我们需要这样做来 确保我们所支持的科学

works for society.

为社会服务。

Achieving our global climate goals

实现我们的全球气候目标

requires rapid acceleration of deployment of clean energy

需要迅速加快清洁能源的部署

and innovations in carbon dioxide removal.

和消除二氧化碳方面的创新。

I'm convinced the Earthshots are our best shot for achieving our goals.

我坚信“能源登月计划” 是实现目标的最佳机会。

Just like the Moonshot landed us on the Moon,

就像“登月计划”

ahead of schedule.

提前将我们送上月球一样。

And any success that we register on these efforts

而且，我们在这些努力中 取得的任何成功

will not just contribute to removing legacy CO2 from the atmosphere

不仅有助于从大气中清除 遗留的二氧化碳

and halting the climate crisis.

和制止气候危机。

It will also contribute to building a better,

它还将有助于建设一个更美好、

more equitable and cleaner world.

更公平和更清洁的世界。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）