We Actually Have a Shot at Stopping the Climate Crisis | Asmeret Asefaw Berhe | TED

譯者: Alexis Young 審譯者: Amanda Zhu

Eighty percent filthy.

百分之八十是髒的。

That's how much energy the American population still derives

這就是美國人使用的能源中，

from fossil fuels.

化石燃料的占比。

Deployment of clean energy,

即使以當今迅速加快的步伐

even at today's rapidly accelerating pace,

推動潔淨能源，

is simply not enough to halt the climate crisis.

仍不足以遏制氣候危機。

Going forward,

展望未來，

if we're going to reduce the risk of overshoot of global temperature

如果我們想降低全球氣溫

beyond two degrees C,

超過 2°C 的風險，

we also have to reduce the amount of CO2 that remains in the atmosphere.

我們還必須減少大氣中 殘留的二氧化碳量。

The team I lead, the US Department of Energy's Office of Science,

我領導的團隊是 美國能源部科學辦公室，

is part of an unprecedented national effort

我們也是空前強大的 國家隊的一份子，

to get us to net-zero emissions by 2050.

目標是讓我們在 2050 年 之前達到淨零排放。

To achieve our goals,

為了實現我們的目標，

we're aiming to establish a transformative ecosystem of innovation

我們正努力建立一個創新 又具有變革性的生態系統，

that achieves major innovations in science and technology

實現碳移除領域中的

for carbon dioxide removal.

重大科技創新。

Innovations and policy and regulations to enable the nascent sector

我們需要推動創新 以及政策與法規，

讓這個新興的碳移除產業得以成長，

on carbon dioxide removal to grow

and innovations to engage more people in our quest to finding

並且透過創新，吸引更多人參與我們

and implementing sweeping solutions.

尋找與落實全面解決方案的努力。

We need major breakthroughs across multiple arenas,

我們需要在多方面有重大突破，

and we need it fast.

而且時間很緊迫。

So how do we go about this?

那麼我們該如何達成？

Energy Earthshots.

「能源登地計畫」。

The Biden-Harris administration's Earthshot initiative

拜登·哈里斯政府的登地計劃靈感

is inspired by President Kennedy's Moonshot initiative

來自甘迺迪總統的登月計畫，

that aimed to land a man on the moon.

要把人送到月球上。

I think that's a perfect model for what we need to achieve here.

我認為那是我們 需要實現的完美模式。

To achieve the goals of the Moonshot initiative,

為了實現登月計畫的目標，

the nation needed to establish a new,

我們國家需要建立一個全新、

expansive ecosystem of innovation in space technologies.

大規模、創新的太空科技生態。

It required an all-hands-on-deck approach that included government,

這需要一種全體動員的方法， 不管是括政府、

included educators,

教育工作者、

private sector, industry

民間產業、工業，

and, of course, scientists and engineers and more.

當然還有科學家和工程師等等。

Now with the Department of Energy,

現在，我們與能源部合作，

we're launching a similarly ambitious effort

展開了一項同樣有野心的計劃，

to enable a portfolio of approaches

目的在推動一系列的方法，

that range from basic science to application of science

從基礎科學到應用科學，

to technology development

再到技術開發

and for large-scale deployment.

及大規模部署。

These approaches are needed to balance the benefits,

我們需要這些方法

來平衡多種氣候與潔淨能源途徑的

trade offs and limitations

of several climate and clean energy pathways

優勢、取捨與限制，

that are needed to accelerate the timeline for achieving the solutions that we need.

這將有助於加速我們 實現解決方案的時間表。

We've launched seven Earthshots so far.

到目前為止，我們已經 啟動了七個登地計畫。

But as a soil scientist,

但作為土壤科學家，

I'm particularly excited to tell you today about the Carbon Negative Shot.

今天我特別興奮地 想跟你們分享「負碳計畫」。

This shot depends on a strong science foundation

這個計畫仰賴強大的科學基礎

to enable durable,

來實現持久、

scalable and responsible carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere

大規模且負責任的二氧化碳移除，

at a cost of less than 100 dollars per metric ton of CO2 equivalent,

每公噸二氧化碳當量的成本 低於 100 美元，

including accounting for full life cycle of emissions within a decade.

這是把十年內完整 生命週期的排放計算在內。

But we need to be able to measure and verify it too.

但是我們也需要能夠測量和驗證它。

Achieving the goals of the Carbon Negative Shot

要實現負碳計畫的目標，

requires that we advance and employ nature-based solutions

我們必須進行並採用 以自然為基礎的解決方案

and engineer new technologies.

來發展新技術。

On one hand,

一方面，

we get to learn from nature

我們得以向大自然學習，

to enhance the ability of plants to take up atmospheric CO2

以增強植物吸收大氣中 二氧化碳的能力，

and promote soil carbon sequestration,

並促進土壤吸收碳，

which we can enable via land use change and land management.

這是透過土地利用 和土地管理來達成。

On the other hand,

另一方面，

we aim to advance fundamental material and chemical sciences

我們致力於推動基礎材料 和化學科學的進步，

to develop capabilities

發展從低氣體濃度的來源，

for energy-efficient capture of CO2 from dilute sources.

以高能源效率的方式 捕集二氧化碳的能力。

This includes development of direct air capture sorbents

這包括用以移除環境中二氧化碳的

for ambient CO2

直接空氣捕集吸附劑，

and systems that are needed to durably store the captured carbon.

以及將捕集到的碳 長期儲存的系統。

But that's not all we need.

但還不只這些。

We also need a human-centered component to the Carbon Negative Shot

我們也需要在「負碳計劃」中 加入以人為本的元素，

to ensure an equitable transition towards a decarbonized energy system.

確保去碳化能源系統 轉型的過程公平公正。

We need to make sure that we realize the full benefits

我們必須確保我們提供的所有功能

of all these capabilities we're putting out.

都能完全發揮。

And in addition to removing legacy CO2 from the atmosphere,

除了從大氣中去除 累積的二氧化碳之外，

the goals that we're pursuing as part of the Carbon Negative Shot

「負碳計畫」的目標

also have multiple potential additional co-benefits,

也具有多重潛在的附加利益，

including improving soil health

包括幫助以土壤為生計的社群

for communities who depend on soil for their livelihood,

改善土壤品質、

reducing air pollution

減少空氣污染，

and creation of good jobs.

以及創造良好的就業機會。

But to realize all these benefits,

但為了實現所有這些利益，

we need to make sure that people from all walks of life are at the table

我們在對氣候目標 和如何達成這些目標

做出重要決定時，

when critical decisions are being made about our climate goals

必須確保社會中的每個族群 都能參與對話。

and how we achieve these goals.

For me, as an academic,

對我來說，作為一名學者

and now a leader for a major science agency for the nation,

以及國家主要科學機構的領導者，

this means we need to significantly revamp our support

這意味著對於擴大 STEM——科學、 技術、工程、數學——教育的參與，

for broadening participation efforts in STEM.

我們需要大幅重新加強我們的支持。

We need to continue to contribute towards building a vibrant STEM workforce

我們必須繼續為培養國家 充滿活力的 STEM 勞動力

for the nation.

做出貢獻，

A workforce that will abide by principles of environmental justice

一支在過程中的每個環節

at every step of the process.

都遵守環境正義原則的勞動力。

We need this to make sure that the science we're enabling

這樣才能夠確保我們推動的科學

works for society.

能夠為社會發揮作用。

Achieving our global climate goals

要達成全球氣候目標，

requires rapid acceleration of deployment of clean energy

我們需要加速潔淨能源的推廣，

and innovations in carbon dioxide removal.

以及二氧化碳移除技術的創新。

I'm convinced the Earthshots are our best shot for achieving our goals.

我相信登地計畫 是我們實現目標的最佳機會，

Just like the Moonshot landed us on the Moon,

就像登月計畫超前時間表，

ahead of schedule.

將我們帶到月球上一樣，

And any success that we register on these efforts

我們在這些努力中獲得 的任何成功，

will not just contribute to removing legacy CO2 from the atmosphere

不僅有助於移除大氣中 累積的二氧化碳，

and halting the climate crisis.

並阻止氣候危機，

It will also contribute to building a better,

並對於建立更好、更公平的潔淨世界

more equitable and cleaner world.

做出貢獻。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）