Why the World Needs More Builders — and Less “Us vs. Them” | Daniel Lubetzky | TED

翻译人员: Union She 校对人员: Lening Xu

Everywhere we look today, we see the same picture.

今天，无论我们走到哪里， 都能看到同样的画面。

A world divided into us versus them.

一个分为我们与他们的世界。

Left versus right.

左与右。

Black versus white.

黑与白。

Jew versus Muslim.

犹太人与穆斯林。

Victim versus oppressor.

受害者与压迫者。

We're being programmed to think that every issue is binary,

我们程式化地 认为每个问题都是二元的，

and our communities are increasingly infected by hate and dehumanization.

我们的社区越来越多地 受到仇恨和非人化的侵蚀。

It's easy to nod,

赞同很容易，

but the problem is far more entrenched than any of us realize.

但这个问题比我们任何人 都意识到的要根深蒂固。

Everyone here clearly sees the problem on the other side.

在座的每个人都清楚地 看到了另一边的问题。

But none of us see it happening to us.

但是我们当中没有人 看到它发生在我们身上。

By blaming the other for all of society's ills,

通过将所有社会弊病归咎于对方，

we abdicate our responsibility for fixing the problem

我们放弃了解决问题的责任，

and the opportunity to work together on actual solutions.

也放弃了共同制定实际解决方案的机会。

I don't want to undermine the importance of standing up

我不想弱化捍卫信仰的重要性。

for what you believe in.

I’m a confused Mexican Jew with a lot of Latin Yiddish passion.

我是一个困惑的墨西哥犹太人， 有很多拉丁犹太人的激情。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But we're going to be more effective in advancing our causes

但一旦我们以不同的方式构建事物， 我们将更有效地推进我们的事业。

once we frame things differently.

Instead of us versus them,

比起我们与他们，

what if we understood it as all of us versus extremism?

如果我们把它理解为 我们所有人对抗极端主义会怎样？

The overwhelming majority on all sides of almost any issue,

几乎任何问题的各方绝大多数，

who are not hateful,

并不可恨，

who do not deal in absolutes,

不以极端方式处理问题，

who recognize the dignity of all,

承认所有人的尊严，

versus those who fall prey to extremist thinking

除了被极端主义思想劫持了日常生活 而成为牺牲品的那些人。

that hijacks the agenda and our lives along with it.

Note that the enemy here is a mindset, not a person.

请注意，这里的敌人不是一个人， 而是一种思想倾向。

Once we're able to unlock this insight,

一旦我们能够解锁这种洞察力，

we can expand our horizons

我们就可以扩大视野，

and replace eternal conflict with practical problem solving.

用实际解决问题取代永恒的冲突。

But the challenge today

但今天的挑战是

is that those with extremist views every day wake up in the morning,

那些有极端主义观点的人 每天清晨醒来，

they think, "How can I advance my cause?"

他们想：“我怎样才能发展自己的事业？”

While moderates wake up in the morning and they think,

而温和派早上醒来会想，

what can I have for breakfast?

我早餐吃什么？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

We don’t vote in the primaries.

我们不在初选中投票。

We don’t post passionate manifestos advocating nuanced thinking.

我们不会发布 倡导细致思考的激情宣言。

We don’t run for office.

我们不竞选公职。

And that's how extremism hijacks the agenda.

极端主义就是这样劫持日常的。

A person with extremist views that takes action to divide,

持极端主义观点并采取行动

分裂、摧毁和削弱的人

demolish and diminish

is a destroyer.

就是毁灭者。

A human being who takes action to unite,

一个采取行动团结起来、创造世界

to create and to bring light to the world is a builder.

并为世界带来光明的人就是建设者。

Common-sense problem solvers need to get up in the morning,

常识性的问题解决者早上起床，

have their breakfast --

吃早餐——

it’s the most important meal of the day --

这是一天中最重要的一顿饭——

and then start building.

然后开始创造。

And this is what I've been working on, creating a community

这就是我一直在做的事情， 创建一个社区

and a network of builders.

和一个建设者网络。

Some of you may know me from founding and building Kind,

有些人可能认识我 因为创建健康零食公司 Kind。

the healthy snack company.

Fewer people know that Kind grew out of an idea

很少有人知道Kind源于这样的想法，

that I had to use free market forces to foster cooperation

即我必须利用自由市场力量来促进

among neighbors trying to coexist in conflict regions.

试图在冲突地区共存的邻国之间的合作。

PeaceWorks brought together Israelis, Palestinians, Jordanians,

PeaceWorks将以色列人、 巴勒斯坦人、约旦人、

Egyptians and Turks

埃及人和土耳其人

to trade with one another,

聚集在一起，相互进行贸易，

to craft a line of Mediterranean spreads,

划定地中海地带，

shattering stereotypes, cementing economic relationships

打破刻板印象， 巩固经济关系，

and helping them discover each other's humanity.

帮助他们发现彼此的人性。

You may have heard of the iconically succinct brand we launched:

你可能听说过我们推出的这个 简洁的标志性品牌：

Moshe Pupik and Ali Mishmunken’s World Famous Gourmet Foods.

摩西·普皮克和阿里·米什蒙肯的 《世界著名美食》。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I know you're like, man, this guy's a marketing genius

我知道你在想，伙计， 这个人是个营销天才，

with such an easy-to-remember brand.

拥有如此容易记住的品牌。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But the trauma from that experience is what made me just stick to Kind

但那次经历所带来的创伤 是我下次坚持使用 Kind 的原因。

next time around.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

PeaceWorks was my first attempt to transform "us versus them"

PeaceWorks是我第一次 尝试将 “我们对抗他们”

into a constructive framework

转变为一个建设性的框架，

to help neighbors, former enemies,

以帮助邻居、曾经的敌人

advance common goals.

推进共同的目标。

A couple decades ago,

几十年前，

I recognized the need to build a human infrastructure

我意识到需要建设人力基础设施

to overcome extremism in the Middle East,

来战胜中东的极端主义，

and I started partnering with Israelis and Palestinians

于是我开始与以色列人和巴勒斯坦人

合作建设这样的基础设施。

to build such an infrastructure.

And more recently, I started noticing similar patterns and needs

最近，我开始注意到 美国的类似模式和需求。

in the United States.

But we all now know that this is a global epidemic,

但是我们现在都知道， 这是一种全球流行病，

which requires a global response.

需要采取全球对策。

因此，我们推出了一个平台，

So we've launched a platform to elevate builders

旨在将建设者提升为全球理想的身份，

as an aspirational identity across the world,

and to equip citizens with the mindset and toolkit to seize back the agenda.

让公民具备夺回日常的思维和工具包。

We have thus far assembled over 250 extraordinary leaders

目前，我们已召集了 250 多位

across a broad spectrum of politics

来自政治领域的杰出领导人，

that are committed to help us build this network.

他们致力于帮助我们 建立这个网络。

And over three million citizens have joined us

超过三百万公民加入我们的行列，

by either pledging to become builders in their own communities

他们要么承诺成为自己社区的建设者 ，

and start chapters in their neighborhoods,

在社区开启分会，

or by joining us on social media.

要么通过社交媒体加入我们。

We have several initiatives

我们有几项举措

to counteract the leading forces contributing to toxic polarization.

来对抗助长毒性两极分化的主导力量。

Let me share a couple of examples.

让我举几个例子。

The way we absorb social media and cable news,

通过吸收社交媒体和有线新闻的方式，

we tend to be fed all that we want to hear,

我们会得到所有我们想听的内容，

rather than what we may need to hear,

而不是我们可能需要听到的内容，

and we only see the worst from the other side,

而且我们只能 从另一边看到最坏的情况，

leading us to assume evil intent on the part of the other.

这使我们假设对方有邪恶的意图。

To counteract that,

为了抵消这种情况，

Builders Media produces content thus far in English,

Builders Media迄今为止用英语、

Arabic and Hebrew,

阿拉伯语和希伯来语制作内容，

not so much to tell you what to think

与其说是告诉你该怎么想，

but to strengthen how you think.

不如说是为了强化你的思维方式。

To equip you with tools to navigate differences and absorb information

为你提供工具，

以真正能帮助你解决问题的方式 来应对差异和吸收信息。

in a way that will actually help you solve problems.

Another initiative we've launched is called Citizen Solutions

我们发起的另一项计划叫做 “公民解决方案”，

to replace political stagnation with constructive,

旨在用参与公民提出的建设性、常识性提案

commonsense proposals from engaged citizens.

Our secret is that there's enormous hidden consensus

我们的秘密是，

在大多数看似棘手的问题上存在着 巨大的隐性共识，

on most of these seemingly intractable issues,

but we wouldn't know it because forces of division,

但我们无从得知，

因为从这种分裂中获利的势力 试图扭曲这些问题。

that profit from that division, try to distort those issues.

Take gun rights and gun safety in Tennessee, for example.

以田纳西州的枪支权利和枪支安全为例。

Citizen Solutions brought together

Citizen Solutions汇集

a group of local citizens with diverse viewpoints,

一群具有不同观点的当地公民，

from a firearms instructor to an inner-city school teacher.

从枪支教官到市中心的学校教师。

And it gave them tools and methodologies to learn the art of negotiation.

为他们提供了学习 谈判艺术的工具和方法。

After six months, the Tennessee 11, as they began to call themselves,

六个月后，他们开始称呼自己为： “田纳西 11 人”，

had forged eight proposals,

已经形成八项提案，

which were then presented to 30,000 Tennesseans to vote on.

提交给 3 万名田纳西州人进行表决。

And five of those proposals received majority consensus.

其中五项提案获得了多数同意。

They're now in the process of propelling their elected representatives

他们现在正在推动当选的代表

to follow the will of the people.

遵循人民的意愿。

The challenges are real.

挑战是真实存在的。

Hyper-partisan politicians spend more time sowing division to raise money

超党派政客花在制造分裂 以筹集资金上的时间

than trying to address their constituents' needs.

Cronyism, special interests,

任人唯亲、特殊利益、

political parties that care more about amassing power

比实际解决问题， 更关心积累权力和对方得分的政党。

and scoring points against the other than actually solving problems.

The challenges are real.

挑战是真实存在的。

That means we're only going to be successful

这意味着，如果要取得成功，

if we all recognize the responsibility to transcend hyper-partisan affiliations

我们都要认识到 有责任超越超党派关系，

and start supporting builders

开始支持建设者和必要的改革，

and the reforms necessary to help strengthen those voices,

regardless of partisan affiliations.

无论党派关系如何。

Most of us are uniters, not dividers.

我们大多数人是统一者，而不是分裂者。

And because politics tends to be a dirty game of division,

而且，由于政治 往往是一场肮脏的分裂游戏，

we just stay away from it.

所以我们只是远离它。

One of the hardest things for builders is to stay in the game,

对于建设者来说， 最难的事情之一就是坚持，

to develop a thick skin while retaining our values.

在保持价值观的同时 培养批评能力。

When others are dividing, for us to unite.

当其他人分裂时，我们要团结起来。

When others are self-righteous,

当别人自以为是时，

for us to be self-reflective.

我们要自我反省。

When others demonize,

当其他人妖魔化时，

for us to remain compassionate

我们要保持同情心，

and stay focused on the goal at hand,

专注于眼前的目标，

which is to solve problems for our communities.

即为我们的社区解决问题。

To do so, we need to bring a builder's mindset to all conversations

为此，我们需要将建筑者的心态 带入所有对话中：

by relying on curiosity, compassion, creativity and courage.

好奇心、同情心、 创造力和勇气，

The four Cs of a builder's mindset.

这就是建设者“ 4 C”心态。

And we understand that there's no chance

而且我们知道， 我们不可能

we're going to change things in a community,

通过集中模式来改变社区现状， 更不用说在世界各地了。

let alone across the world,

with a centralized model.

We need a distributed model where everyone,

我们需要一个分布式模式，

everyone here is empowered to bring change to their own communities.

让每一个人都有权 为自己的社区带来变革。

And so we're in the process of creating a builder's toolkit

因此，我们正在创建建设者工具包，

to help people take that into their communities,

帮助人们将其带入社区、高中、大学、

into their high schools, into their universities,

into their workplaces, into their houses of faith,

带入工作场所、信仰之屋，

to try to help them replace rigid ideologies

努力帮助他们用批判性思维和倾听 取代僵化的意识形态，

with critical thinking and critical listening,

to provide best practices

用尊重、真诚的辩论 取代“呛声文化”提供最佳实践。

for how to replace cancel culture with respectful, hearty debate.

Not just because we want to get along,

不只是因为我们要相处，

not just because we want the best ideas to emanate,

不只是因为我们希望产生最好的想法，

but because we need to mold builders

而是因为我们需要塑造

of social enterprises, of bridges, of jobs,

社会企业、桥梁、就业 和实际社会变革的建设者，

of actual societal change to become protagonists in our own lives

使其成为我们自己生活中的主角，

rather than products of recrimination and mutual resentment.

而不是相互指责和相互怨恨的产物。

By now, I've told you a lot.

到目前为止，我已经告诉过你很多了。

But I haven't told you why I do what I do.

但我还没告诉你我为什么要做这些事。

My father was a Holocaust survivor,

我的父亲是大屠杀的幸存者，

and ever since I was a kid,

从我还是个孩子起，

I promised myself to try to prevent what happened to him

我就向自己保证要努力防止 发生在他身上的事情，

from happening again to other human beings.

再次发生在其他人身上。

One of the most difficult stories he shared with me

involved his superintendent.

涉及他的上司。

When he was 11 years old,

当他 11 岁时，

in Lithuania and the war had started,

在立陶宛，战争已经开始，

the super approached him and said, "Are you hungry?"

超级英雄走近他，说： “你饿了吗？”

My dad said, "Yes."

我爸说：“是的。”

"Come, I'll show you where you can get some food."

“来吧，我会告诉你 在哪里可以买到食物。”

He walked him down to the ground floor.

他把他带到一楼。

He pointed to a dead body and said, "There, that's a Jew.

他指着一具尸体说：

You can take a bite of him."

“那是个犹太人，你可以咬一口他。”

A few months later, the German paramilitary forces

几个月后，德国准军事部队

rounded up all of the Jewish families.

围捕了所有犹太家庭。

The super pointed them out one by one.

超级警察一一指出了他们。

They eliminated 16 Jewish families.

他们消灭了 16 个犹太家庭。

My family was the last one standing.

我的家人是最后一个活着的人。

And they brought them to the ground floor.

然后他们把他们带到了一楼。

And then the super whispered something

然后，超级警察对着 准军事部队负责人的耳朵小声说了些什么，

into the ear of the head of the paramilitary forces,

and they left.

然后他们离开了。

And the super turned to my grandfather and said,

然后超级警察转向我的祖父说：

"Mr. Lubetzky,

“卢贝茨基先生，

I told them to leave.

我叫他们离开。

And I spared you because you were always kind to me.

我之所以放过你，是因为你 对我一直很友善。

You always looked at my eyes.

你总是看着我的眼睛。

You shook my hand, you treated me with respect.

你和我握手， 你尊重我。

But leave now before I change my mind."

但是在我改变主意之前，马上离开。”

That night they packed a couple bags and they went to the Kovno Ghetto.

那天晚上他们收拾了几个袋子 然后去了科夫诺贫民窟。

And eventually they were all sent to a concentration camp.

最后他们都被送到了集中营。

But they survived.

但是他们活了下来。

Because at the greatest moment of darkness,

因为在最黑暗的时刻，

a man who had so much darkness in him ...

一个内心深处黑暗的人...

saw a little bit of light.

看见了一点光。

And the thought that I stand here today,

我今天站在这里，

that I exist because of an act of humanity

我之所以存在，

是因为一个并不善良的人的人道行为，

[from] a person that was not a very good human being,

haunts me.

这种想法困扰着我。

But it also arms me with hope and conviction

但这也使我充满希望和信念，

that every human being can turn away from hate.

相信每个人都能远离仇恨。

Some of you may disagree.

你们中有些人可能不同意。

And that does not worry me.

这并不让我担心。

What worries me is that many of you will agree

令我担忧的是， 你们中的许多人会同意，

but we'll do nothing about it.

但我们对此无能为力。

If builders do not step up,

如果建设者不加紧努力，

destroyers will step in.

摧毁者就会介入。

And some of the worst chapters that we’ve witnessed in history

而我们在历史上目睹的一些 最糟糕的篇章将重演。

will repeat themselves.

But if all of us recognize the power

但是，如果我们所有人都认识到

我们每个人每天所拥有的力量，

that every one of us has every single day,

with every human interaction, to look at each other in the eyes --

通过每一次人际互动， 互相看着对方的眼睛，

now you’re making me cry --

你们把我弄哭了，

to look at each other in the eyes,

看着彼此的眼睛，给予彼此善意的祝福，

to give each other the blessing of kindness

and the assumption of positive intent,

传递积极的意图，

not only are we going to break the shackles

我们不仅要打破仇恨给人类带来的枷锁，

that hate has placed on humanity,

we're going to prevail in writing one of the most beautiful chapters

我们将书写人类历史上

that have ever been built in human history.

最美丽的篇章之一。

We are going to get there because when society is falling apart,

我们将实现这一目标，

因为当社会崩溃时， 唯一的出路是我们所有人，

the only way out is for all of us,

all of us, to build together.

我们所有人，共同建设。

谢谢。

Thank you.

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）