A Republican mayor's plan to replace partisanship with policy | G.T. Bynum

翻译人员: Chen Zou 校对人员: Ye Ye

So last year, I ran for mayor of my hometown, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

去年，我在我的家乡俄克拉荷马州的 塔尔萨市参加了市长选举。

And I was the underdog.

我是处于下风的，

I was running against a two-term incumbent,

我需要和一个连任两届 的在职人员竞争，

and my opponent ran the classic partisan playbook.

而且我的对手使用了 经典的党派战术。

He publicized his endorsement of Donald Trump.

他公开了自己对特朗普的拥护，

He publicized a letter that he sent to President Obama

并发表了一封他寄给 奥巴马总统的信，

protesting Syrian refugees,

抗议叙利亚难民，

even though none of them were coming to Tulsa.

即使这些都没有在 塔尔萨发生。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

He ran ads on TV that my kids thought made me look like Voldemort,

他在电视上放广告，我的孩子觉得 那广告使我看起来像伏地魔，

and sent out little gems in the mail, like this.

而且他还在信件中派发 这些小玩意儿，比如这个。

[America's most liberal labor union has endorsed]

【全美最自由主义的劳工会已背书】

Never mind that "America's most liberal labor union,"

且不要去理会这个“全美 最自由主义的劳工会”的广告

as defined by this ad, was actually the Tulsa Firefighters Union,

给出的定义，这实际上是 塔尔萨的消防联合会，

hardly a famed bastion of liberalism.

根本就不是一个自由主义的堡垒。

（观众笑声）

(Laughter)

Never mind that while she was running for president

且不要说一个在竞选总统，

and he was serving in his final year in that office,

而一个正值任期的最后一年，

Hillary, Barack and I could just never find the time to get together

希拉里， 巴拉克和我从来没能 找到一个时间会面，

and yuck it up about the Tulsa mayor's race.

讨论关于塔尔萨的市长选举。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

Never mind that I, like my opponent,

且不要说，我，和我的对手一样，

am a Republican.

是一个共和党。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

And so when something like this hits you in a campaign,

所以当这样的事情在竞选中 发生在你身上的时候，

you have to decide how you're going to respond,

你必须决定如何去回应，

我们有一个新颖的想法。

and we had a novel idea.

What if, instead of responding with partisanship,

如果不去以党派之争来回应，

we responded with a focus on results?

而是以对结果的 关注来回应呢？

What if we ran a campaign

如果我们能够开展一个竞选活动，

that was not about running against someone,

不是关于反对某人，

but was about bringing people together behind a common vision?

而是将人们带到一个 相同的愿景下呢？

And so we decided to respond not with a negative ad

所以我们决定不以 一个消极的广告来回应，

but with something people find even sexier --

而是以一些人们觉得 更性感的东西——

data points.

数据点。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

And so we emphasized things like increasing per capita income in our city,

我们重点强调了像关于 增加我们市的人均收入，

increasing our city's population,

增加城市的人口这样的问题，

and we stuck to those relentlessly, throughout the campaign,

而且我们在整个选举过程中 不断强调这些，

always bringing it back to those things

总是将关注点带回到 这些问题上，

by which our voters could measure, in a very transparent way,

让选民能够以一种 透明的方式可以考量

how we were doing,

我们做得如何，

and hold me accountable if I got elected.

以及如果我赢得了选举， 如何让我负责到底。

And a funny thing happened when we did that.

在这之后， 一件有趣的事情发生了。

Tulsa is home to one of the most vibrant

塔尔萨是这个国家最具活力的

young professional populations in the country,

年轻专业人士聚集的城市，

and they took notice of this approach.

这个方式引起了这些年轻人的注意。

We have in our culture in our city,

在我们的文化和城市中

an ethos where our business leaders don't just run companies,

存在这样的社会思潮， 即商业领袖不仅仅经营公司，

they run philanthropic institutions and nonprofits,

同时还经营慈善机构 和非营利性组织，

and those folks took notice.

这些人也注意到了我们的作为。

We have parents who are willing to sacrifice today

有很多父母愿意牺牲自己的今天，

so that their kids can have a better future,

去为他们的孩子换取更好的未来。

and those people took notice, too.

这些人也注意到了。

And so on election day,

所以在选举的那天，

I, G.T. Bynum,

我，G.T. Bynum，

a guy whose name reminds people of a circus promoter ...

一个名字总是让人们想起 马戏团营销员的人——

（观众笑声）

(Laughter)

a guy with the raw animal magnetism of a young Orville Redenbacher ...

一个有着年轻奥威尔·瑞登巴可那般 初生牛犊不怕虎精神的人——

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

I won the election by 17 points.

我以 17 个百分点的优势赢得了选举。

(Applause)

（观众掌声）

And we did it with the support of Republicans and Democrats.

我们共和党人和民主党人的 共同支持下赢得了选举。

Now, why is that story and that approach so novel?

那么，为什么那个故事 和那个方式如此新颖？

Why do we always allow ourselves

为什么我们总是让自己

回落到最终会导致分裂的

to fall back on philosophical disagreements

that ultimately lead to division?

思维分歧上？

I believe it is because politicians

我认为，这是因为政治家们

find it easier to throw the red meat out to the base

发现相比起创新， 向底层人民施舍一些好处

than to innovate.

要更加容易。

The conventional wisdom is that to win an election,

传统的智慧是， 要想赢得一个选举，

you have to dumb it down

你必须深入到基层，

and play to your constituencies' basest, divisive instincts.

把玩你选区内最基本的、 分裂的直觉。

And when somebody wins an election like that,

当人们以那样的方式赢得了选举时，

they win, that's true,

他们赢了，毋庸置疑，

but the rest of us lose.

但其他人就输了。

And so what we need to do is think about how can we change that dynamic.

所以我们需要想一想 如何改变那个局面。

How can we move in a direction

我们如何朝着一个

where partisanship is replaced with policy?

用政策取代党派之争的方向前进？

And fortunately, there's a growing bipartisan movement across this country

幸运的是，有一个不断壮大的 两党运动正在全国范围内

that is doing just that.

实践这一策略。

One of its heroes is a guy named Mitch Daniels.

其中的一个英雄 是一个叫米奇·丹尼尔斯的人。

Mitch Daniels served as George W. Bush's budget director,

米奇·丹尼尔斯曾经是 小布什的预算主管，

and during that time,

在任职期间，

he created what was called the PART tool.

他创造了一个叫 PART 的工具。

The PART tool allowed people to evaluate a broad range of federal programs

这个工具允许人们去评估 一个大范围内的联邦项目，

and apply numerical scoring for them

并且将数字打分制

on things like program management and project results.

运用在比如项目管理 和项目结果这样的事情上。

And using this, they evaluated over a thousand federal programs.

利用这个工具，他们评估了 超过 1000 个联邦项目。

Over 150 programs had their funding reduced

超过 150 个项目 被削减了经费。

because they could not demonstrate success.

因为他们不能够 证明项目是成功的。

But unfortunately, there wasn't ever a well-publicized increase in funding

但遗憾的是，在那些被证明 成功了的项目中，

for those programs that did demonstrate success,

我们没有看到公开的经费增长。

and because of this, the program was never really popular with Congress,

正因如此，这类项目 一直没有受到国会的重视，

and was eventually shuttered.

最终被关闭了。

But the spirit of that program lived on.

但是那些项目的精神还在流传。

Mitch Daniels went home to Indiana,

米奇·丹尼尔斯回到了 家乡印第安纳州，

ran for governor, got elected,

参加了州长选举，并成功当选，

and applied the same premise to state programs,

然后将同样的原理 运用到了州项目上，

reducing funding for those programs that could not demonstrate success,

削减了那些不能被证明 行之有效的项目的经费。

but this time, he very publicly increased funding for those programs

但这一次，他非常公开地 为那些成功的项目

that could demonstrate success,

增加了经费，

things like increasing the number of state troopers

比如增加了必需的

that they needed to have,

州警员的数量，

reducing wait times at the DMV --

缩短了民众在车管所的等待时间——

and today, Mitch Daniels is the president of Purdue University,

现在， 米奇·丹尼尔斯 是普渡大学的校长。

applying yet again the same principles,

正在将同样的理念

this time at the higher ed level,

应用到高等教育上，

这样做是为了保证学生的 学费在五年时间内

and he's done that in order to keep tuition levels for students there flat

for half a decade.

维持稳定。

Now, while Mitch Daniels applied this at the federal level,

现在，米奇·丹尼尔斯将这个策略 应用在了联邦层面和

the state level, and in higher ed,

州层面，以及高等教育界，

the guy that really cracked the code for cities

而民主党人，马丁·奥马利，

is a Democrat, Martin O'Malley,

在他作为巴尔的摩市长的执政期间

during his time as Mayor of Baltimore.

真正使这个做法 在城市实现了突破。

Now, when Mayor O'Malley took office,

市长奥马利上任的时候，

he was a big fan of what they'd been able to do in New York City

当涉及到打击犯罪，他很热衷于尝试

when it came to fighting crime.

他们曾经在纽约市所采取的策略。

When Rudy Giuliani first became Mayor of New York,

当鲁迪·朱利安尼第一次 担任纽约市长的时候，

crime statistics were collected on a monthly, even an annual basis,

犯罪数据是按月， 甚至按年来收集的，

and then police resources would be allocated based on those statistics.

警力资源会依据 这些数据来调配。

Giuliani shrunk that time frame, so that crime statistics

朱利安尼压缩了这一时间框架， 使得犯罪数据

would be collected on a daily, even hourly basis,

会按照每日，甚至是每小时更新，

and then police resources would be allocated

然后警力资源会被快速调配到

to those areas quickly where crimes were occurring today

当天发生犯罪的地区，

rather than where they were occurring last quarter.

而不是上一个季度发生犯罪的地区。

Well, O'Malley loved that approach, and he applied it in Baltimore.

奥马利热衷于使用那个策略， 于是将它应用到了巴尔的摩

And he applied it to the two areas that were most problematic for Baltimore

从打击罪犯的角度来说

from a crime-fighting standpoint.

最多问题的两个地区。

We call these the kidneys of death.

我们把这些地区叫作“死亡之肾”。

[Baltimore homicides and shootings, 1999]

【1999 年巴尔的摩谋杀和枪击事件】

So there they are, the kidneys.

这就是那两个“肾”。

Now watch this.

现在看这个——

Watch what happens when you apply data in real time

如果你实时更新数据，

and deploy resources quickly.

然后迅速调配资源会发生什么。

In a decade, they reduced violent crime in Baltimore

利用这个策略，在十年之内， 他们使巴尔的摩的

by almost 50 percent, using this approach,

暴力犯罪率下降了 50%。

but the genius of what O'Malley did

但是奥马利真正厉害的地方在于，

was not that he just did what some other city was doing.

他并没有单纯模仿其它城市的做法——

Lots of us mayors do that.

虽然很多我们的市长们 都是那样做的。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

He realized that the same approach could be used to all of the problems

他意识到了同样的策略 可以被应用到这个城市所面临的

that his city faced.

所有问题上。

And so they applied it to issue after issue in Baltimore,

所以，他们将它应用到了 巴尔的摩的一个又一个问题上，

and today, it's being used by mayors across the country

现在，全国的很多市长 都在用该策略

to deal with some of our greatest challenges.

去应对一些我们最大的挑战。

整体说来，这个方式 是很简单的——

And the overall approach is a very simple one --

identify the goal that you want to achieve;

确认你想要达到的目标；

identify a measurement by which you can track progress

确认一个测量方式， 通过它可以跟踪

toward that goal;

实现目标的进度；

identify a way of testing that measurement cheaply and quickly;

确认一个低成本而且快速的 测试衡量标准的方法，

and then deploy whatever strategies you think would work,

然后调配一切 你认为有效的策略，

test them,

检测它们，

reduce funding for the strategies that don't work,

减少没有实际用处的 策略的经费，

and put your money into those strategies that do.

然后将你们的资金投放在 有实际用处的策略上。

Today, Atlanta is using this to address housing issues

现今，亚特兰大正在使用 这个方式解决无家可归人群的

for their homeless population.

住房问题。

Philadelphia has used this to reduce their crime rates

费城利用这一策略将犯罪率降低到了

to levels not enjoyed since the 1960s.

上世纪 60 年代以来的最低水平。

Louisville has used this not just for their city

路易斯维尔不仅在他们的城市中 使用了这种方法，

but in a community-wide effort bringing resources together

而且通过社区群体的努力 将资源整合在一起，

to address vacant and abandoned properties.

以解决空置和废弃房产的问题。

And I am using this approach in Tulsa.

现在，我在塔尔萨 也使用了这个策略。

I want Tulsa to be a world-class city,

我想要塔尔萨成为 一个世界级的城市，

and we cannot do that if we aren't clear in what our goals are

如果我们不清楚我们的目标，

and we don't use evidence and evaluation to accomplish them.

而且也不使用证据和评估 去达成目标，一切就只是空谈。

Now, what's interesting, and we've found in implementing this,

有趣的是，我们在 推行的过程中发现，

a lot of people, when you talk about data,

当你说到数据的时候，

people think of that as a contrast to creativity.

很多人会认为这不是创造力。

What we've found is actually quite the opposite.

而我们发现，事实截然相反。

We've found it to be an engine for creative problem-solving,

我们发现数据可以推动 创造性的解决问题，

because when you're focused on a goal,

因为当你关注在一个目标上，

and you can test different strategies quickly,

而且你可以快速地测试 不同策略的时候，

the sky's the limit on the different things that you can test out.

你可以检测的对象就是无限的。

You can come up with any strategy that you can come up with

你可以提出任何你想到的策略，

and utilize and try and test it

然后使用、尝试和检测它们，

until you find something that works, and then you double down on that.

直到你发现可行的方式， 然后在该方式上付出双倍的努力。

The other area that we've found that it lends itself to creativity

我们发现的另一个 具有创新潜能的领域是，

is that it breaks down those old silos of ownership

它打破了我们在政府中经常遇到的

that we run into so often in government.

旧的所有权壁垒。

It allows you to draw all the stakeholders in your community

它使得你可以在社区中 将所有的利益相关人，

that care about homelessness or crime-fighting or education

那些关注无家可归问题、 打击罪犯、教育

or vacant and abandoned properties,

或者空缺和弃置房产的人

and bring those people to the table

聚集在一起，

so you can work together to address your common goal.

你们可以通过合作 达成你们共同的目标。

Now, in Tulsa, we're applying this

在塔尔萨，我们正在将该策略

to things that are common city initiatives,

应用到一些常见的城市计划中，

things like, as you've heard now repeatedly,

就像你经常听到的，

public safety -- that's an obvious one;

公共安全——这个很明显；

improving our employee morale at the city --

提高城市工作人员的士气——

we don't think you could do good things unless you've got happy employees;

如果没有快乐的员工，我不认为 你可以实现任何改善；

improving the overall street quality throughout our community.

以及改善整个社区的整体街道质量。

But we're also applying it to things that are not so traditional

但是我们也将该策略应用在了 不那么传统的事情上——

when you think about what cities are responsible for,

从城市责任的角度出发，

things like increasing per capita income,

比如增加人均收入，

increasing our population,

增加人口，

improving our high school graduation rates,

提高中学毕业率，

and perhaps the greatest challenge that we face as a city.

也许还包含我们作为城市 所面对的最大的挑战。

At the dawn of the 1920s,

20 世纪 20 年代初，

Tulsa was home to the most vibrant African American community in the country.

塔尔萨拥有全国最活跃的 非裔美国人社区。

The Greenwood section of our city was known as Black Wall Street.

我们城市的格林伍德区域 以“黑色华尔街”闻名。

In 1921, in one night,

在1921年的一个晚上,

Tulsa experienced the worst race riot in American history.

塔尔萨经历了整个美国历史上 最恶劣的种族暴乱。

Black Wall Street was burned to the ground,

“黑色华尔街”被夷为平地。

and today, a child that is born

今天，一个在我们城市中

in the most predominantly African American part of our city

最主要的非裔美国人 聚居地出生的小孩，

is expected to live 11 years less than a kid that's born elsewhere in Tulsa.

预计比在塔尔萨其它地区 出生的小孩寿命要短 11 年。

Now, for us, this is a unifying issue.

对我们来说， 这是一个共同的问题。

Four years from now, we will recognize

在未来四年，我们将迎来

the 100th commemoration of that awful event,

那个可怕事件的 100 周年。

and in Tulsa, we are bringing every tool that we can

在塔尔萨，我们将竭尽全力

to address that life-expectancy disparity,

去缩短预计寿命的差异。

and we're not checking party registration cards

我们不会在会议大厅门口

查看党派注册卡。

at the door to the meetings.

We don't care who you voted for for president

如果你想帮助这些孩子

if you want to help restore the decade of life

找回失去的十年生命，

that's being stolen from these kids right now.

我们不关心你给 哪位总统候选人投了票。

And so we've got white folks and black folks,

我们需要白人和黑人，

Hispanic folks and Native American folks,

拉丁裔美国人和美国原住民，

we've got members of Congress, members of the city council,

国会成员和市议会成员，

商业领导者和宗教领导者，

business leaders, religious leaders,

Trump people and Hillary people,

支持特朗普的人和支持希拉里的人，

all joined by one common belief,

都在一个共同的信仰下 集合在一起，

and that is that a kid should have an equal shot at a good life in our city,

那就是在我们的城市，每个孩子拥有 美好生活的机会应该是均等的，

regardless of what part of town they happen to be born in.

无论他们在城市的哪个地区出生。

Now, how do we go forward with that?

那么，我们如何实现这个目标？

Is that easy to accomplish?

这是容易完成的事情吗？

Of course not!

当然不是。

If it were easy to accomplish,

如果很容易就完成，

有人就已经在我们之前做到了。

somebody would have already done it before us.

But what I love about city government

但是我认为，城市政府 最吸引人的地方在于，

is that the citizens can create

市民可以创造

whatever kind of city they're willing to build,

任何他们想要建造的城市。

and in Tulsa, we have decided to build a city

在塔尔萨，我们决定 建造这样一个城市，

where Republicans and Democrats use evidence, data and evaluation

在这个城市中，共和党和民主党 使用事实，数据和评估

to solve our greatest challenges together.

去一起解决我们最大的挑战。

And if we can do this,

如果我们可以做到，

if we can set partisanship aside

如果我们能在全国唯一一个

in the only state in the whole country where Barack Obama never carried

奥巴马从未拿下过一个县的州

a single county,

抛开党派之争，

then you can do it in your town, too.

那么你也可以在你的城镇做到。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

Your cities can be saved or squandered

你的城市在一代人的时间之内

in one generation.

就可以被拯救，或是摧毁。

So let's agree to set aside our philosophical disagreements

所以让我们共同努力， 将思想分歧放在一边，

and focus on those aspirations that unite us.

关注那些将我们 团结在一起的愿景。

Let's grasp the opportunity that is presented by innovation

让我们抓住创新带来的机遇，

to build better communities for our neighbors.

为我们的邻居建造 更好的社区。

Let's replace a focus on partisan division

让我们关注结果，

with a focus on results.

而不是党派分裂，

That is the path to a better future for us all.

这才是带领我们所有人 通向更美好未来的道路。

Thank you for your time.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（观众掌声）