Khadijah Tribble: How marijuana reform could repair, reclaim and restore communities | TED

Transcriber:

翻译人员: Yuwei Wu 校对人员: Grace Man

“你长大后想成为什么？”

我相信，这是你们在儿时 都听到过的问题。

"What did you want to be when you grow up"

但如果你的成长经历和我一样的话,

is a question that I'm sure many of you have heard in your childhood.

这个问题你会一次又一次地被问及。

直到我长大成人，我才开始明白

But if your upbringing was anything like mine,

it is a question that you heard over and over again.

我们社区的领导人和我的祖父母

And it wasn't until I became an adult that I began to understand

问我这个问题的重要性。

但直到最近两年，

the significance of the asking of the questions by our community leaders

我才真正了解到

and my grandparents.

这个问题的答案 在当时甚至在今天，

But it was only recently in the last two years

有多么重要和重要。

that I get some true understanding

你看，一个四十多年前 在南方长大的黑人女性

of just how much significance and weight there was

in the answer back then and even today.

在回答这个问题时， 她的答案是有些局限性的。

You see, growing up Black and female in the South more than 40 years ago,

无论是真实的还是感知的， 都有局限性。

there are some limitations to the answer to that question.

因此，我希望你们 此时此刻能够理解，

Whether real or perceived, there were limitations all the same.

作为一个正在成长的小女孩，

在民权运动之后发生的一切，

And so what I want you to understand at this moment,

在斗争与挣扎中取得的所有进步，

as a young girl growing up,

那些旨在推动和推进 非裔美国人社区的事情;

with all that was happening right after the civil rights movement,

all of the advancements of the struggle,

比如《投票权法案》、

things that were meant to push and advance the African-American community;

《公平住房法案》和《平权法案》，

我们这一代人应该充分利用

things like the Voting Rights Act,

所有这些机会。

The Fair Housing Act and affirmative action,

所以，当他们问:

and my generation was supposed to be taking full advantage

“你长大后想做什么?，”

of all of those opportunities.

这对他们来说意味着什么。

So, when they ask the question,

我记得有一年暑假 在圣经学校听到这个问题。

"What do you want to be when you grow up?,"

it meant something to them.

如果有人从南方来这里，

I remember hearing this question one summer at vacation Bible school.

你就会明白，假期圣经学校

不能和 BTU 培训学校

And if anybody is here from the South,

或主日聚会学校混淆。

是假期圣经学校，

you understand that vacation Bible school

我还在想是谁觉得把

is not to be confused with BTU training school

假期、圣经和学校 放在一起是个好主意……

or Sunday-go-to-meeting school.

it is vacation Bible school.

(笑声)

但是每年夏天的第一周， 在我童年的每个夏天，

I'm still trying to figure out who thought it was a good idea

to put a vacation, Bible and school all together ...

都是在假期的圣经学校度过的。

(Laughter)

就在这个夏天，有一位老师。

But the first week of every summer, of every summer during my childhood,

她比我和我的中学朋友大不了多少。

it was spent in vacation Bible school.

她想要确保我们理解经文，

And this one particular summer there was a teacher.

并能够将它与现实世界的问题 联系起来，

She wasn't too much older than me and my middle school friends.

She wanted to make sure that we understood scripture

即你长大后会成为什么样的人。

那天，当我的一群女孩 围坐在一起吃午饭的时候，

and was able to connect it to this real world question

努力想知道我们要说什么，

of what you will be when you grow up.

现在回想起来， 这是一群令人印象深刻的女孩，

And so as my gaggle of girls sat around lunch that day,

因为她们想成为民权律师、

trying to figure out what we were going to say,

thinking back now, it was a really impressive group of girls

教育工作者和医生。

我不想要那些。

because they wanted to be things like civil rights attorneys,

我打算做些不同的事。

你看，我想当……

educators and doctors.

等等……

I didn't want any of that.

一个思想家。

I was going to do something different.

（笑声）

对。

You see, I was going to be ...

（掌声）

wait for it ...

所以当我要上台

A thinker.

(Laughter)

和整个假期圣经学校的人 分享的时候，

Yes.

(Applause)

我介绍了我自己，我说，

So when it came time for me to take the stage

“等我长大了， 我要成为一个思想家。”

and share with the entire vacation Bible school,

有一些笑声，一些傻笑，

I introduced myself and I said,

但真正让我改变主意的是 老师脸上不赞成的表情。

"When I grow up, I'm going to be a thinker."

于是我很快地说,

There was some laughter, some giggles,

“等我长大了， 我要成为一名律师。”

but it was really the disapproving look on the teacher's face that made me recant.

然后我就离开了舞台。

但快进到两年前，

And so I said really quickly,

我有机会在一个以创造和培养 伟大思想家而闻名的机构

"When I grow up, I'm going to be a lawyer,"

and then I exit stage left.

待上一段时间。

But fast-forward to two years ago

当时我并不知道

and I get an opportunity to spend time at an institution

肯尼迪学院有一个仪式，

known for creating and cultivating great thinkers.

学生们有机会 站在著名的论坛舞台上，

Little did I know at the time

有 15 秒的时间说出

that there's a ritual at the Kennedy School

他们将要在肯尼迪学院做什么。

where students get an opportunity to stand on the famous forum stage

所以，你知道我在想什么，对吧?

and they're given 15 seconds to say

这是一个重复的时刻。 我要把它做对。

what they were going to do at the Kennedy School.

所以我拿起麦克风，自我介绍， 然后对我的同学，

And so, you know what I'm thinking, right?

It's a full-circle moment. I'm going to get it right.

院长和教员们说，

So I take the mic, I introduce myself and I say to my peers,

我来这里是想告诉你们，

大麻很重要。

to deans and to faculty members

没有很多笑声。

实际上，有很多的掌声。

that I'm here to tell you

但我在想，

that marijuana matters.

“哈迪贾（Khadijah）， 你刚才是不是站在政策台上

Not a lot of giggles.

Actually, it was actually a lot of applause.

告诉这些人你要谈论大麻?”

（笑声）

But in my head, I'm thinking,

"Khadijah, did you just stand on the premiere policy stage

这正是我所做的，

在接下来的 12 个月里，

and tell these folks you’re going to talk about weed?”

我让自己沉浸在 与大麻有关的一切中，

(Laughter)

日复一日，阅读，交谈， 嗅嗅，思考大麻。

That's exactly what I did,

and for the next 12 months,

I immersed myself in all things marijuana,

所以，我可爱的妻子罗宾（Robyn） 禁止在餐桌上谈论这个话题。

day in and day out, reading, talking, sniffing, thinking about marijuana.

（笑声）

但这是我对大麻的理解。

So much so, my lovely wife Robyn banned the topic from the dinner table.

如果你不记得我演讲的其他内容， 请记住这个。

(Laughter)

But here's what I came to understand about marijuana.

我们试图通过民权运动

取得的所有成果——

And if you don't remember anything else from my talk, please remember this.

公平的住房、

扩大的教育机会、

That for all of the gains that we were trying to make

就业机会、

为非裔美国人社区创造财富，

with the civil rights movement --

fair housing,

毒品战争的失败政策 单凭一己之力就毁了这一切。

expanded opportunities in education,

employment opportunities,

building the wealth of the African-American community,

（掌声）

the failed policies of the war on drugs single-handedly undid all of that.

我们是这样知道的。

我想给你们五个数字。

(Applause)

5,

7,

46,

And here's how we know that.

23,

I want to give you guys five numbers.

以及 1。

不，这不是 超级百万彩票的头奖号码。

Five.

Seven.

看，五十多年来，

46.

23

这个国家发动了一场反毒品的战争，

and one.

And no, it's not the Mega Millions jackpot numbers.

这相当于发动了一场 针对黑人和棕色人种社区的战争。

See, for more than five decades,

数百万人因持有

this country has waged a war on drugs,

与大麻有关的物品 而被捕、定罪和监禁。

which has been tantamount to waging a war on Black and brown communities.

Millions of people have been arrested,

仅过去十年，就有七百万。

convicted and incarcerated for marijuana-related possessions.

这七百万人面临着

所谓的 46000 附带后果。

In the last decade alone, 7 million.

现在，你们中的一些人可能会说， “如果你犯罪，你就得服刑。”

And those 7 million people are facing

what's known as 46,000 collateral consequences.

我只剩下五分钟了， 所以我今天不能讨论这个问题。

但我要告诉你们，此时此刻，

Now, some of you may be saying, "If you do the crime, you do the time."

当 33 个州和哥伦比亚特区

And I only have five minutes left, so I can't argue that point today.

有某种形式的

But I will say to you, at this moment,

大麻种植，销售，

when 33 states and the District of Columbia

消费和大规模分发大麻，

have some form of regulated

这仍然是犯罪吗?

growing marijuana, selling marijuana,

我之所以这样问， 是因为我在全国各地

consuming marijuana and distributing marijuana on a mass scale,

都遇到过承受这些附带后果的人。

is it still a crime?

像凯薇特（Keyvette）， 一个年轻的女人，

I ask because I've met people all across this country

对她的未来充满活力。

高中毕业时，

who are living with those collateral consequences.

她雄心勃勃，想去上大学。

People like Keyvette, a young woman, very energetic about her future.

但在她意识到自己

When she left high school,

因为常规交通违规而被拦下之前，

she was ambitious and she wanted to go off to college.

好像是一个坏了的车灯。

But before she could realize that

she was stopped for a routine traffic violation,

在拦截的过程中， 警察闻到了大麻的味道。

I think it was a broken headlight.

如果你在维吉尼亚州，

And in the course of that stop the police officers smelled marijuana.

大麻的气味可能是 搜查和扣押的理由。

车被搜查了， 里面有没用过的大麻。

And if you're in the state of Virginia,

the smell of marijuana is probable cause for search and seizure.

她被捕了，被记录在案，

直到今天，她仍然有 与大麻有关的犯罪记录。

The car was searched, there was marijuana that wasn't used.

因为这个记录，

她经常发现很难有资格获得公寓 和就业机会。

She was arrested, booked,

and to this day, she still has a criminal record related to marijuana.

Because of that record,

她也失去了利用财政援助 上学的机会。

she often finds it hard to qualify for an apartment,

employment opportunities.

你们中的一些人可能甚至不知道

有 26 个入门级工作机会的执照，

She also lost the opportunity to use financial aid to go to school.

如果你有与大麻有关的定罪，

Some of you might not even know

你可能无法获得执照，

there are about 26 licensures for entry-level employment opportunities,

比如理发师执照或美容执照。

that if you have a marijuana-related conviction,

但最让我反感的是

you may not be able to get that license,

她有两个孩子。

like a barber's license or a cosmetology license.

But the thing that I find so offensive about ??? situation

有证据表明，有大麻犯罪行为的人

所生的孩子，

is that she has two kids.

更有可能生活在贫困中。

And there's evidence to suggest children born to individuals

我问你们，这样公正吗?

who have a marijuana-related offense,

这是公平的吗?

或者以在美国空军 服役 26 年为荣的

they're more likely to live in poverty.

And I ask you guys, is that fair?

退伍军人为例。

Is that equitable?

在那次服役中， 他实际上失去了双腿的功能，

Or take the veteran who proudly and honorably served for 26 years

他瘫痪了，他用大麻来止痛。

in the United States Air Forces.

In that service, he actually lost the use of his legs,

他还用它来处理他的焦虑和抑郁，

he's paralyzed and he uses marijuana for pain management.

你可以想象，当失去独立和 行动能力时，会出现这种情况。

He also uses it to deal with his anxiety and depression

他明知自己有可能失去

作为残疾退伍军人 所获得的健康福利，

that you can imagine would come with losing independence and mobility.

And he uses marijuana knowing full well

却仍在吸食大麻。

人们总是问我，

that he is at risk of losing the very health benefits

“哈迪贾，为什么是大麻?”

that he earned as a disabled veteran.

你为什么对大麻这么感兴趣?”

事实上，我觉得这只是

You know, people ask me all the time,

"Khadijah, why marijuana?

我这辈子工作的延续。

Why are you so passionate about marijuana?”

我一直在边缘化社区工作，

The reality of it is I feel like this is just a continuation

为边缘化社区服务，

of the work I've done my entire life.

希望我能以某种方式 改善他们的生活。

I've worked alongside marginalized communities,

但说实话，这对我来说 也是非常私人的，

in service of marginalized communities

in hopes that I would be able to improve their life in some way.

大麻对我来说是个私人问题。

But if I'm being honest and frank, it's also very personal to me,

你看，那个老兵碰巧是我的父亲，

退休军士长威利·B·特里布尔 （Willie B. Tribble），

marijuana is a personal issue for me.

我将为他的权利和 其他成千上万的老兵而战，

You see, that veteran happens to be my father,

以挽救生命——

Retired Master Sergeant Willie B. Tribble,

我们还没有通过研究得知这一点，

and I will fight for his right and the thousands of other veterans

但是我认为它可能是——

to get the life saving --

对退伍军人来说符合要求 和安全的药物。

and we don't know that yet by research,

和凯薇特吗? 凯薇特是我的儿媳。

but I suggest that it could potentially be --

medicine that is quality and safe for veterans.

那两个孩子，泰坦（Titan） 和国王（King），

对我意义重大。

And Keyvette? Keyvette is my daughter in law.

就像祖父母问我的那样:

And those two kids, King and Titan,

“你长大后想做什么?”

我想听到我孙子说的话:

mean so much to me.

And just like my grandparents asked me,

任何他们想做的事。

"What do you want to be when you grow up?,"

谢谢你的聆听。

I want to be able to hear from my grandsons:

anything they want to be.

Thank you for listening.