What You Can Do to Stop Economic Crime | Hanjo Seibert | TED

翻译人员: Sammi Wang 校对人员: suya f.

Imagine any movie like "James Bond,"

想象一下像《詹姆斯·邦德》、

"Mission Impossible" or "Jack Ryan."

《碟中谍》或 《杰克·瑞安》这样的电影。

Every [one] of these movies has this one moment:

每部电影都有这样一个时刻：

the villain is planning to buy illegal weapons,

反派正计划购买非法武器、

take out a national energy grid

摧毁国家能源网

or hijack a satellite.

或劫持卫星。

And that undertaking requires an insane amount of money.

而这项工作需要大量的钱。

That always happens in either of two ways.

这总是以两种方式中的任何一种发生。

Scenario one:

场景一：

three black SUVs driving up a dusty desert road.

三辆黑色越野车在尘土飞扬 的沙漠道路上行驶。

Three other SUVs already waiting at the exchange spot,

另外三辆越野车已经 在交换点等候，

where suitcases full of cash are being exchanged for weapons

犯罪分子正在那里用装满现金的

between criminals.

手提箱兑换武器

Or scenario number two:

或者第二种情况：

abandoned old warehouse.

废弃的旧仓库。

A hacker in a hoodie asking the villain where to transfer the money,

一个穿着连帽衫的黑客问 反派将钱转移到哪里，

and within seconds, hundreds of millions are being transferred

几秒钟之内，数亿美元就

from accounts all over the world.

从世界各地的账户中转出了。

This is a very exciting movie plot.

这是一部非常精彩的电影情节。

Good versus evil.

善与恶。

Loads of money, exotic locations

大量资金，充满异国情调的地点

and a superhero who saves the world in the last second.

还有一位在最后一秒 拯救世界的超级英雄。

And now imagine this was the real life.

现在想象一下这就是现实生活。

We all know that the one superhero does not exist.

我们都知道超级英雄不存在。

But through my work in combating economic crime,

但是通过我在打击 经济犯罪方面的工作，

I can assure you that the suitcases with cash and the hackers,

我可以向你们保证， 装有现金的手提箱和黑客

they are reality.

是现实。

And they are on the loose every single day.

而且他们 每天都在逍遥法外。

For over a decade, I'm advising banks and companies

十多年来， 我一直在建议银行和公司

in how to turn off the money tap for criminals.

如何关闭犯罪分子 的资金窃取。

I get to see the underground economies created by gangsters

我可以看到黑帮成员 创造的地下经济

and how they finance their operations.

以及他们如何为自己的行动筹集资金。

But that doesn't make me the next James Bond.

但这并不能使我 成为下一个詹姆斯·邦德。

Even if you may have hoped, yeah.

即使你可能有希望，是的。

Sorry.

对不起。

Unfortunately, to master this challenge,

不幸的是，要应对这一挑战，

we all need to understand what economic crime is.

我们都需要了解 什么是经济犯罪。

And economic crime is a wide field.

而经济犯罪是一个广泛的领域。

It includes money proceeds from drug trafficking.

它包括贩毒的金钱收益。

Human trafficking and sexual exploitation.

人口贩运和性剥削。

Fraud and cyber crimes.

欺诈和网络犯罪。

Tax evasion and all those offshore tax havens.

逃税和所有这些离岸避税天堂。

Piracy, corruption, terrorism.

盗版、腐败、恐怖主义。

And what all these scenarios have in common

所有这些情景的共同点

is that they need their profits laundered.

是他们需要洗钱利润。

And money laundering is complex.

而且洗钱很复杂。

Criminals want to make it complex to hide the connection between the money

犯罪分子想让隐瞒金钱

and the underlying crime.

与潜在犯罪之间的联系变得复杂。

And that disconnection between money

而金钱

and its dirty source,

与其肮脏来源之间的脱节，

that's called money laundering.

这就是所谓的洗钱。

And money laundering is big.

而且洗钱规模很大。

According to the United Nations,

根据联合国的数据，

the amount of money laundered every year

每年的洗钱金额

can be as high as two trillion US dollars.

可能高达两万亿美元。

In stacked one-dollar notes,

在堆叠的一美元纸币中，

this is 57 percent of the way to the moon.

这是通往月球的57％。

Or in other words, that's more money than Apple,

换句话说，这比苹果、

Amazon, Google, Microsoft,

亚马逊、谷歌、微软、

Facebook, Tesla and JPMorgan generate in revenues together

Facebook、特斯拉和摩根大通

every year.

每年的总收入还要多。

So ...

所以...

What can we do?

我们能做什么？

Let me take you on a journey of scenarios

让我带你踏上我在工作中

that I've come across in my work.

遇到的场景之旅。

Through those scenarios, you can learn to identify places

通过这些场景，你可以学会识别

where criminal activity might be hiding.

犯罪活动可能藏身的地方。

Let's consider you're at a sports event, say, a soccer match.

假设你正在参加体育赛事， 比如足球比赛。

You pay the entry tickets and food in cash.

你用现金支付门票和食物。

Did you know that in the past,

你知道吗，过去，

authorities have found that criminals have had ownership stakes

当局发现过犯罪分子拥有一些

in some sports clubs?

体育俱乐部的所有权？

Remember our criminal from before, who just sold illegal weapons

还记得我们以前的罪犯吗， 他刚刚出售了非法武器

and now sits on suitcases full of cash?

现在正在坐在装满现金的手提箱里？

If he or she owned a sports club,

如果他或她拥有一家体育俱乐部，

it would be easy for him or her to bring in the money

他或她很容易筹集资金

and record unexpected ticket sales

记录着意想不到的门票销售额，

and invent any reason for it.

并为此发明任何理由。

Let's say, the good weather today.

比方说，今天的天气很好。

And I get to see similar examples when working for banks,

我在银行工作时也能看到类似的例子，

who often finance sports clubs

银行经常为体育俱乐部提供资金，

but need to make sure to not support criminals.

但需要确保不支持犯罪分子。

And fraud in sports has been investigated by Europol.

欧洲刑警组织也对 体育欺诈行为进行了调查。

However, criminal activity in sports has not gone away.

但是，体育领域的犯罪活动并未消失。

So what can you do to make it harder for criminals to abuse sports clubs?

那么，你能做些什么来让 犯罪分子更难滥用体育俱乐部呢？

As a concrete action,

作为一项具体行动， 使用借记卡或信用卡

pay with a debit or credit card to reduce cash ratios.

付款以降低现金比率。

Cash doesn't leave a trace.

现金不会留下痕迹。

A credit card does, and hence creates transparency.

信用卡确实如此，因此可以提高透明度。

And if you really want to step it up,

而且，如果你更想谨慎的话，

you request an official receipt

你现在用信用卡进行的每笔购买

for every purchase which you now made by card.

都可以要求一份正式收据。

Yes, even the single hot dog.

是的，即使是一个热狗。

The funny thing is, you don't even need to keep the receipt.

有趣的是，你甚至 不需要保留收据。

Its only purpose is to ensure that the sale is officially recorded.

其唯一目的是 确保销售得到正式记录。

And by the way, the same can happen in your favorite restaurant,

顺便说一句，在你最喜欢的餐厅附近，

just around the corner,

或者任何其他现金密集型企业，

or any other cash-intensive business.

也可能发生同样的情况。

Let's move to luxury products.

让我们转向奢侈品。

Those are often sold at a good discount, especially online.

这些通常以优惠的价格出售， 尤其是在网上。

And come on, hey, we're all excited about good bargains, aren't we?

来吧，嘿，我们都对便宜货 感到兴奋，不是吗？

It's commonly known that the fashion industry is flooded with fake products,

众所周知， 时装业充斥着假冒产品，

but did you know that counterfeits often have profit margins

但是你知道假冒产品的利润率

of up to 2,000 percent?

通常高达 2,000％ 吗？

And this even gets worse

而且情况甚至变得更糟

if the beneficiary of those 2,000 percent

如果这 2,000％ 的受益人

is a criminal organization or even a terrorist.

是犯罪组织甚至是恐怖分子。

In 2015, the Charlie Hebdo headquarters here in Paris was attacked,

2015 年，位于巴黎的 查理周刊总部遭到袭击，

leaving 12 people dead and 11 injured.

造成 12 人死亡，11 人受伤。

The attack was partially financed through the sale of fake products,

这次攻击的部分 资金来自销售假冒产品，

and I get to see similar examples when working for banks

在银行工作时，我会看到类似的例子，

who are required to monitor their clients' transactions

这些银行需要监控客户的交易

and spot irregularities, like the sale of fake products.

并发现违规行为， 例如销售假冒产品。

So what can you do to make it harder for criminals to sell fake products?

那么，你能做些什么来让犯罪分子 更难出售假冒产品呢？

First,

首先，

be conscious on where you buy your luxury goods and clothes.

要注意在哪里 购买奢侈品和衣服。

Online, look for legit websites, like “https,”

在网上，寻找合法的 网站， 例如“https”，

and safe payment methods like credit cards with additional security questions.

以及带有其他安全问题的信用卡 等安全的付款方式。

Offline, go to official retail stores.

线下，去官方零售店。

Second, if discounts sound too good to be true, well,

其次，如果折扣听起来 好得令人难以置信，

they probably are too good to be true.

那么这些折扣就可能很难是真的。

And third, if there isn't an instant return policy,

第三，如果没有即时退货政策，

it's a red flag.

那就是一个危险信号。

And by the way, the same can happen in fast fashion

顺便说一句，同样的情况 可能以快的方式发生，

or even with counterfeit medicine.

甚至假冒药品也可能发生。

And all those examples are just out of our ordinary life.

所有这些例子 都只是我们的平凡生活。

Money laundering can happen in the corporate world as well, at scale.

洗钱也可能 在企业界大规模发生。

So money laundering can happen in any industry.

因此，任何行业都 可能发生洗钱。

But let's consider seamlessly harmless household appliances

但是，让我们考虑无缝无害的家用电器，

like washing machines or refrigerators.

例如洗衣机或冰箱。

Did you know that those household appliances contain microchips

你知道这些家用电器包含 用于制造或维修武器

and other control electronics,

的微芯片

which are being used to manufacture or repair weapons?

和其他控制电子设备吗？

For example, Kazakhstan.

例如，哈萨克斯坦。

Kazakhstan's import of electric breast pumps,

哈萨克斯坦进口 电动吸奶器，

which include microchips,

其中包括微芯片，

went up by 600 percent in the second half of 2022,

2022 年下半年增长了600%，

while Kazakhstan's birth rate went down by five percent in the same period.

而哈萨克斯坦的出生率却下降了 同期增长百分之五。

And that's the kind of thing that might indicate

这种情况可能

that something fishy is going on.

表明现在在发生一些可疑的事情。

And I'm supporting clients in understanding

我还支持客户了解他们的产品在

where their products are being sold and used,

哪里销售和使用，

especially so-called dual-use goods,

尤其是所谓的两用物品，

which are products that can be used for private but also for military purposes

这些产品既可以用于私人用途， 也可以用于军事目的，

like, say, medical probes, batteries, lasers,

比如医疗探头、 电池、激光、

nuclear materials, avionics,

核材料、航空电子设备、

navigation and many, many more.

导航等等。

So...

所以...

What can any company do

任何公司都能做些什么

to make it harder for criminals to abuse their products?

来使犯罪分子更难滥用他们的产品？

Understand your supply chain.

了解你的供应链。

Who are your suppliers, and suppliers of suppliers?

谁是你的供应商， 谁是供应商的供应商？

And who are your customers, and customers of customers?

谁是你的客户， 谁是你客户的客户？

Also, introduce data-driven monitoring on key business debts

此外，引入对关键商业债务的 数据驱动监控，

and understand why, for example, sales in certain regions are skyrocketing.

并了解某些地区的 销售额猛增的原因。

For over a decade, I've been seeing companies take less action than needed

十多年来，我一直看到 各公司在打击经济犯罪方面采取的行动

to combat economic crime.

少于所需的行动。

And we have discussed how terrible the consequences of not acting can be.

我们已经讨论了不采取行动的 后果会有多么可怕。

And we know that "the company" does not exist.

而且我们知道这个“公司”不存在。

It's us as employees, as managers, as customers,

是我们作为员工、 作为经理、作为客户，

and we have the power to challenge and change the status quo,

我们有能力挑战和改变现状，

which means to stop saying, "I don't care,"

这意味着不要再说“我不在乎”

or, “What difference do I make?”

或 “我能带来什么不同？”

No, we need to scratch beneath the surface,

不，我们需要像之前的例子

like we did in the examples before,

一样在表面之下摸索

and hence demand transparency.

因此要求透明度。

We live in difficult times.

我们生活在困难时期。

The question we need to ask ourselves is,

我们需要问自己的问题是，

in what kind of world do we want to live?

我们想生活在什么样的世界里？

And how much room is there for this underground economy

而这种由罪犯、 黑帮和恐怖分子统治

which is ruled by criminals, gangsters, terrorists?

的地下经济还有 多大的空间？

So it's on us as consumers, as investors, as individuals,

因此，作为消费者， 作为投资者，作为个人，

as law-abiding citizens

作为守法的公民

to raise our voice individually and collectively,

我们有责任 单独和集体地大声疾呼，

to jointly become that superhero

共同成为

who ensures that the suitcases are empty

那个确保手提箱是空的

and the criminal bank accounts show red zeros.

犯罪银行账户显示红色零的超级英雄。

This message will hopefully not self-destruct in three, two, one.

希望这个信息不会在 三、二、一中自毁。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）