What Wikipedia Teaches Us About Balancing Truth and Beliefs | Katherine Maher | TED

130,660 views ใƒป 2022-06-28

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soo Jin Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hyeryung Kim
00:04
It is lovely to be with you here this evening.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
00:06
So as you just heard, my name is Katherine Maher
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋“ค์œผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ ๋งˆํ—ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
and I used to be, until very recently, the CEO of the Wikimedia Foundation,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ„ํ‚ค๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ CEO์˜€์–ด์š”.
00:14
which is the organization behind Wikipedia.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ด์ฃ .
00:18
And my tenure coincided with a very strange time for information.
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŠน์ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:24
A global crisis of fake news and disinformation,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“ ๋‰ด์Šค, ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
00:27
which meant that our free-knowledge movement
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์œ„ํ‚ค๋ฏธ๋””์•„์˜ ์ž์œ  ์ง€์‹ ์šด๋™์€
00:30
really sort of stood alone.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋…๋ณด์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
At the same time, too,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:35
we saw a collapse in public trust around the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตด์ง€์˜ ์œ ๋ช… ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:38
in many of our critical civic institutions.
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ณผํ•™, ๋…๋ฆฝ ์–ธ๋ก  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋… ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ
00:42
And one of the reasons for this collapse in public trust,
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00:44
in things like public science and an independent free press
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00:48
and even perhaps in the idea of democracy itself,
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๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ๋ถˆ์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:51
is that people around the globe are increasingly skeptical
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์  ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
about the ability of these institutions to respond to our future challenges
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์ด ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹ฅ์ณ์˜ฌ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜
๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:00
and changing needs.
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01:01
And yet, during this time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ
01:03
trust in Wikipedia actually went up.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Something that surprised us as much as anyone.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋†€๋ž์–ด์š”.
01:10
And so I started wondering, what is it about this organization,
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์ €๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ์ ์€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?
01:14
this radical experiment in openness,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?
01:16
self-governance and amateurism, volunteerism,
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์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ๋น„์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ , ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ •์‹ ์ผ๊นŒ?
01:20
that made it so different?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์œ ์ผ๊นŒ?
01:22
And I've come to believe that in many ways,
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ด๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:26
the things that made Wikipedia implausible are actually what prepare it
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:30
to respond to our changing world.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:33
And make it a place that people love and trust.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:36
And so one of the things about it, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํŠน์ง• ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:39
is that it is edited entirely by volunteers,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŽธ์ง‘์ด ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
01:42
ordinary people from all over the world.
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์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
All of the decisions about encyclopedic content
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๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •์€
01:48
and organizational policies
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01:50
take place in a transparent and open fashion.
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
This means that Wikipedia can continue to change
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถฐ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:57
as the world changes around it,
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01:59
integrating new ideas and new perspectives.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:02
But I think one of the most critical things
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:04
that I found really important
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02:06
is that its model pushes us to work together
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ํ˜‘์—…์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:09
into deliberation and into conversation
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02:12
so that the end result is something
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
that most of us feel is reasonable and fair.
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02:19
Now, easy enough for some things,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
02:22
like articles on animals with fraudulent diplomas ...
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐ€์งœ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์€ ์ฐธ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
02:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:29
Which is a real article on Wikipedia.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ด์—์š”.
02:31
But what about the hard things,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€,
02:33
the places where we are prone to disagreement,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
02:35
say, politics and religion?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด, ์ •์น˜๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:38
Well, as it turns out,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:40
not only does Wikipedia's model work there,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์“ธ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:42
it actually works really well.
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๊ฝค ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:44
Because in our normal lives,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ
02:46
these contentious conversations tend to erupt
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:49
over a disagreement about what the truth actually is.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:54
But the people who write these articles,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง„์‹ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
they're not focused on the truth.
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02:59
They're focused on something else,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
which is the best of what we can know right now.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:05
And after seven years of working with these brilliant folks,
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์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
03:09
I've come to believe that they are onto something.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:12
That perhaps for our most tricky disagreements,
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์˜๊ฒฌ ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”,
03:16
seeking the truth
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:18
and seeking to convince others of the truth
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ธ์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
03:21
might not be the right place to start.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:25
In fact,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
03:26
our reverence for the truth might be a distraction
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด
๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
that's getting in the way
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03:32
of finding common ground and getting things done.
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03:36
Now,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:38
that is not to say that the truth doesn't exist,
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์ง„์‹ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:42
nor is it to say that the truth isnโ€™t important.
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์ง„์‹ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
03:45
Clearly, the search for the truth has led us to do great things,
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:50
to learn great things.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:53
But ...
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ..
03:54
I think if I were to really ask you to think about this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
03:58
one of the things that we could all acknowledge
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:01
is that part of the reason
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ
04:02
we have such glorious chronicles to the human experience
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์•„์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ
04:06
and all forms of culture
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:08
is because we acknowledge there are many different truths.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:12
And so in the spirit of that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š”
04:14
I'm certain that the truth exists for you
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜† ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
04:17
and probably for the person sitting next to you.
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์ง„์‹ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
But this may not be the same truth.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:23
This is because the truth of the matter is very often, for many people,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์€
04:29
what happens when we merge facts about the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด
04:32
with our beliefs about the world.
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๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ธ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:34
So we all have different truths.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
They're based on things like where we come from,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ, ์–‘์œก๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹
04:39
how we were raised
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04:40
and how other people perceive us.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ฃ .
04:44
Now you and your neighbor, who's probably a reasonable person --
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค, ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
they look like a nice person?
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์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:50
Yeah, they're probably a reasonable person.
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๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:53
(Laughs)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:54
You two can probably get together
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์›ƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
04:56
and come to some sort of shared agreement.
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๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:59
But what happens when a third person joins the conversation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:02
or a fourth or a fifth?
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๋„ท, ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:04
What happens when we try to expand this out
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๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์„œ 78์–ต ๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
05:06
to the scale of all 7.8 billion of us?
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05:11
The reality is we are a vast and varied world.
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์‹ค์ƒ์€ ๋” ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
And so when we try to use our personal truths
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
05:17
to come to conversations
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์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ๋ฐ๋„,
05:18
around collective decision-making on important issues,
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:22
we start to run into problems.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:24
Because collective decision-making,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
05:26
the sort of thing that we want to do in democratic and open societies
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๋ฉด
05:30
requires that we get together with common understandings
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
05:33
about the root of the problem
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:35
and some assumptions about how we might get out of it.
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05:38
But if we're using our personal truths to do this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:41
we end up having conversations about our values and our identity.
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๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Because remember, our truths come from where we come from.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ
05:49
And then we're focusing on what divides us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
instead of what we can agree upon.
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05:56
And that allows us to start having conversations about the truth
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:00
in a way that focuses on what we believe
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์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๋ฟ
06:03
rather than what can be known.
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์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋’ท์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜์ฃ .
06:05
And that is a definition that is deeply divisive and harmful.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
I think about our lack of urgent action on climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:14
We've known for a very long time now
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
06:16
about the negative impacts of man-made carbon in the atmosphere.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
But ...
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ...
06:24
[the] implications of that data
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๊ทธ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š”
06:27
challenge our identities, our industries, our communities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์‚ฐ์—…, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:33
in ways that have led and created resistance and even disinformation,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
and the resulting public debates about the truth of climate change
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๋Œ€์ค‘์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์—๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋…์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ
06:44
have prevented us from taking specific and concrete actions
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
06:48
that could mitigate the harms to us around rising seas,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์ด๋‚˜ ์ ์  ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ•œํŒŒ์™€ ํญ์—ผ,
06:52
increasingly deadly waves of heat and cold
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06:55
and powerful storm systems.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํญํ’ ์ „์„ ์— ์†์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:58
With such urgent threats ahead of us,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ชฉ์ „์— ๋‘” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:00
we need better ways to get to a shared understanding.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Fortunately, I've seen how, at Wikipedia,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ €๋Š” ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์—์„œ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
07:08
we can come to cooperative and productive conversations
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ํ˜‘๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:12
around disagreement and decision making
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ง„์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋„
07:14
without using one shared truth as our baseline.
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์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:18
Its generous and accommodating approach
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
07:21
offers us a practical way to take it down a notch,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„
07:25
focusing on something a little less stressful:
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
the best of what can be known right now.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ฃ .
07:30
And the good news is we can know a lot of things.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
We have high-quality information,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
07:36
facts and data that allow us to do things
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋™์ด๋‚˜
07:39
like track the migration of endangered species
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07:42
or the spread of a pandemic around the world.
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ํŒ๋ฐ๋ฏน์˜ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
These are useful tools in our toolbox,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
07:47
but they don't necessarily alone change minds
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:50
or unite disparate views.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
07:53
So how do we do that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:55
We shift from focusing on one key truth
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง„์‹ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
07:58
to instead finding minimum viable truth.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Minimum viable truth means getting it right enough
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ž€
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
08:05
enough of the time
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08:06
to be useful enough to enough people.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
08:09
It means setting aside our bigger belief systems
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฐ ์‹ ๋… ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:13
and not being quite so fussy about perfection.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ฝ๋งค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And this idea of minimum viable truth
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค
08:19
is actually a tremendously forgiving idea,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:24
which is one of the things I love about it the most.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:27
It recognizes our messy humanity.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›€์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
08:30
It acknowledges space for uncertainty,
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ
08:34
for bias and for disagreement
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ, ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:37
on our way to the search for the answers.
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08:40
So ...
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์ž...
08:43
one thing you may not know about Wikipedia
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
08:45
is that it actually assumes that we are all biased.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:48
It is the reason that you are not supposed to write articles about yourselves.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์€ ์“ฐ์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:54
Because can any of you truly be neutral
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹ค๊นŒ์š”?
08:58
about how brilliant and remarkable you are?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•˜์‹ ๋ฐ๋„์š”?
09:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:02
I didn't think so.
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์•ˆ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฑธ์š”.
09:04
But when we are forced to defend our biases,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์„ ๋•Œ,
09:08
when we are forced to go into the data and the citations
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์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ 
09:11
and really engage,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:13
grapple with the intellectual struggle
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ๋งž์„œ์„œ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•…์ „๊ณ ํˆฌํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:16
that comes from meeting up against other people's biases,
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09:20
our horizons can expand
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ๋Š” ๋” ๋„“์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:22
and we can get to new and better understandings about the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
How does this work?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:28
Well, in 2019,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2019๋…„์—
09:30
a group of researchers released a study
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋“ค์ด
09:32
looking at how Wikipedia writers take on the most contentious
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๋งค์šฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:35
and difficult topics.
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09:37
And what they found
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
09:39
was that the system actually works really well.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…๋์ฃ .
09:42
These are some of the best articles on Wikipedia.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์—์„œ ์†๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
And many of them are written by people
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:47
who fundamentally disagree with one another.
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09:50
They also found something interesting,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์€
09:52
which is that the more that these polarized contributors
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์–‘ ๊ทน๋‹จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
09:56
engaged in conversation,
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09:58
the more balanced and productive their contributions became.
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์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:03
Which means that Wikipedia may be one of the only places on the internet
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์—์„œ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š”
10:07
where disagreement actually makes you more agreeable.
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์˜๊ฒฌ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์˜๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:13
Now, I knew instinctively this is true
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:16
because Iโ€™ve seen how productive friction can really get us places,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ
10:20
how mistakes and debate actually brings people into the conversation.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜์™€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:26
You donโ€™t sit back when you disagree with someone,
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๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ทธ์ € ์ž ์ž์ฝ” ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์ง„ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ์ฃ .
10:28
because engaging offers you the chance
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณต์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:31
to shape the public record.
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10:33
Through that process,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
10:35
ideas become sharper, better and more understandable
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์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
In this way, the seeds of our disagreement
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์”จ์•—์€
10:43
can actually become the roots of our common purpose.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:48
All of this is very well and good,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:50
but what does it mean and how do we actually apply it
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10:53
to other organizations and institutions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด,
10:55
and systems that we are a part of,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ,
10:57
in order to increase trust and reduce polarization
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ,
11:00
and perhaps get some important things done?
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:04
Well, I've already talked a little bit about productive friction,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
11:07
the good kind that makes our ideas better.
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์ข€ ์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:09
That is possible because of a few things:
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€
11:12
notably, clear rules
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ
11:14
and strong community norms.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Clear rules help us engage on the substance of the issue
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์›๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
11:21
rather than debating the identity of the author.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:26
Those rules are not upheld by any one individual on high.
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
11:30
They're actually maintained and uplifted by the entire community.
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์ „์ฒด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So we all have a shared sense of responsibility for success.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:40
The other piece of this is
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๋˜ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
11:42
that it is essential that decisions are not just made
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๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
by those who show up in the room.
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11:48
You have to be intentional about bringing all the voices in.
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:52
When Wikipedia first started,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:54
the majority of its authors were Western white men,
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์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:57
which led to some really significant biases and gaps
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์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธ€์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ด€์  ๋ฉด์—์„œ
12:01
in the types of articles that were written
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:03
and the slant of those articles.
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12:06
Recognizing this by being intentional about undoing some of these systems
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
12:12
that were actively excluding people
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๊ณ„ํš์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜๊ณ 
12:15
and doing the hard work of actually rebuilding them
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ํ™˜์˜๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
12:18
so that more people would feel welcome in the conversation,
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๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
we are now able to have a better reflection of the known world.
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์ด์  , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋์ฃ .
12:26
The next piece of this is really about interdependence.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
12:29
The way that the system works is that you cannot go it alone.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์š”.
12:33
In order for your contributions to stick,
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๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
12:36
they have to earn the agreement of your fellow contributors,
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๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
12:40
which is a powerful forcing mechanism for people to work together.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋™๋ ฅ ์žฅ์น˜์ฃ .
12:45
Next is the idea of shared power.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
All of those debates result in 350 edits a minute to Wikipedia,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์—์„œ๋Š” 1๋ถ„๋‹น 350๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ํŽธ์ง‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
which means that no one person can be in charge of the whole thing.
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋กฏ์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ .
12:59
You have to let go of power.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
You have to give it to other people.
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13:03
You have to trust in their ability
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์ „๋ฌธ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ
13:06
to manage the areas of their own expertise and interests.
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
13:10
And by doing so,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
13:11
you earn their commitment and agency to make this project work.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:17
It also requires humility
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๊ฒธ์†๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
13:19
because you're going to get it wrong some of the times.
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๊ฐ€๋” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
But getting it wrong some of the time
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋” ์ž˜๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
13:23
is worth it for getting it right most of the time.
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๋Š˜ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:27
And speaking of time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
13:29
you have to have a very different relationship to urgency.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ โ€˜๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•จโ€™์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
So much in the world is about moving fast.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋Š˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™ธ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:38
But moving fast has actually broken a lot of things.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ ค์™”์ฃ .
13:42
It's broken our trust.
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์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„,
13:44
It has undermined our confidence in many of our systems of governance,
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๋งŽ์€ ํ†ต์น˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ๋„,
13:49
perhaps even our faith in democracy itself.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋…๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์†์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
13:52
By slowing down a little bit
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:53
and bringing the conversation in,
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13:56
by listening with sincerity,
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:58
debating with respect,
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์กด์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ 
14:01
consulting widely
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๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:03
and weighing difficult decisions with candor,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:06
you can actually build systems that endure.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
But most importantly, you can build trust,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์Œ“๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
14:12
that quality that is in such short supply right now.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
And trust in one another is what we need
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:17
in order to weather uncertainty and take brave action.
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:22
So what I'm asking all of you today
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
14:25
is to set aside your own personal truth for just a minute,
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์ž ์‹œ ์˜†์— ๋†“์•„๋‘๊ณ 
14:28
for the opportunity to sit in someone else's.
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:32
It's to endure the productive friction
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๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€
14:34
of coming to common agreement
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ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
14:36
with someone who you may not agree with or perhaps even like.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:41
And with just enough rules and a little bit of time,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:45
I believe that you can do it.
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14:47
And you just might find,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€,
14:48
we all just might find,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:50
that the most important things that we do
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๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
14:53
are the ones that we do together.
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14:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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