How we can use light to see deep inside our bodies and brains | Mary Lou Jepsen

294,555 views ใƒป 2018-08-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hanwool Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
People don't realize
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:14
that red light and benign near-infrared light
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์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘๊ณผ ๊ทผ์ ์™ธ์„ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:18
go right through your hand, just like this.
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์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:23
This fact could enable better, faster and cheaper health care.
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์ด๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ณ , ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Our translucence is key here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์ด ๋ฐ˜ํˆฌ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I'm going to show you how we use this key and a couple of other keys
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์‹ ์ฒด์™€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
00:35
to see deep inside our bodies and brains.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
OK, so first up ...
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์š”.
00:42
You see this laser pointer and the spot it makes on my hand?
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์ด ๋ ˆ์ด์ €ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์†์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์ž‘์€ ์ ๋„์š”?
00:47
The light goes right through my hand --
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๋น›์€ ์ œ ์†์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
if we could bring the lights down, please --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์ ธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”, ๋ถˆ ์ข€ ๊บผ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
00:51
as I've already shown.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:52
But you can no longer see that laser spot.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์•„๊นŒ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ ์€ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
00:55
You see my hand glow.
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์ œ ์†์ด ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
That's because the light spreads out, it scatters.
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๋น›์ด ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ๋น›์€ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I need you to understand what scattering is,
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์‚ฐ๋ž€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:05
so I can show you how we get rid of it
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
01:08
and see deep inside our bodies and brains.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น›์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ ์†์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:12
So, I've got a piece of chicken back here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ญ์„ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:17
It's raw.
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์ƒ๋‹ญ์ด์—์š”.
01:20
Putting on some gloves.
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์žฅ๊ฐ‘ ์ข€ ๋‚„๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:21
It's got the same optical properties as human flesh.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด‘ํ•™์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
So, here's the chicken ... putting it on the light.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ญ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”. ๊ด‘์› ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Can you see, the light goes right through?
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๋น›์ด ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:38
I also implanted a tumor in that chicken.
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๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์•ˆ์— ํ˜น์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์–ด๋†จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Can you see it?
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๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:43
Audience: Yes.
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์ฒญ์ค‘: ๋„ค
01:44
Mary Lou Jepsen: So this means, using red light and infrared light,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘๊ณผ ์ ์™ธ์„ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
01:49
we can see tumors in human flesh.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์•ˆ์˜ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:53
But there's a catch.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:55
When I throw another piece of chicken on it,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ญ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋ฎ์œผ๋ฉด
01:59
the light still goes through,
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๋น›์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:02
but you can no longer see the tumor.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
That's because the light scatters.
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๋น›์ด ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
02:08
So we have to do something about the scatter
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
02:10
so we can see the tumor.
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์‚ฐ๋ž€์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
We have to de-scatter the light.
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๋น›์ด ์ง์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผํ•ด์š”.
02:17
So ...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:19
A technology I spent the early part of my career on
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
02:22
enables de-scattering.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:24
It's called holography.
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
And it won the Nobel Prize in physics in the 70s,
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70๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋…ธ๋ฒจ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ƒ์„ ํƒ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
02:29
because of the fantastic things it enables you to do with light.
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๋น›์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
02:34
This is a hologram.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
It captures all of the light, all of the rays, all of the photons
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น›์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์ฃ . ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด‘์„ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด‘์ž๋ฅผ
02:41
at all of the positions and all of the angles, simultaneously.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ, ๋™์‹œ์—์š”.
02:47
It's amazing.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
To see what we can do with holography ...
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:53
You see these marbles?
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๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
02:54
Look at these marbles bouncing off of the barriers,
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์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:57
as an analogy to light being scattered by our bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์†์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
As the marbles get to the bottom of the scattering maze,
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์ด ์‚ฐ๋ž€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋กœ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด
03:06
they're chaotic, they're scattering and bouncing everywhere.
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ํ˜ผ๋ˆ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŠ•๊ฒจ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
If we record a hologram at the bottom inside of the screen,
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ํ™”๋ฉด์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
03:15
we can record the position and angle of each marble exiting the maze.
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๋ฏธ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์Šฌ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
And then we can bring in marbles from below
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:26
and have the hologram direct each marble to exactly the right position and angle,
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
such as they emerge in a line at the top of the scatter matrix.
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๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ค„๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:39
We're going to do that with this.
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์ด ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•ด๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:41
This is optically similar to human brain.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ด‘ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
I'm going to switch to green light now,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ด‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:49
because green light is brighter to your eyes than red or infrared,
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๋…น์ƒ‰๊ด‘์€ ์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋” ๋ฐ์•„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:53
and I really need you to see this.
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๊ผญ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉดํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:55
So we're going to put a hologram in front of this brain
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋‡Œ ์•ž ์ชฝ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
and make a stream of light come out of it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋น›์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:04
Seems impossible but it isn't.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
This is the setup you're going to see.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Green light.
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๋…น์ƒ‰๊ด‘์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
04:12
Hologram here, green light going in,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ด‘์„ ์ชผ์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
that's our brain.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
And a stream of light comes out of it.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น›์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์ฃ .
04:22
We just made a brain lase of densely scattering tissue.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๊ด‘์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Seems impossible, no one's done this before,
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด๋ณด์ด์ฃ , ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
you're the first public audience to ever see this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:38
What this means is that we can focus deep into tissue.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง ์•ˆ์„ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Our translucency is the first key.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์†์„ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
04:45
Holography enabling de-scattering is the second key
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์ด ๋ฐ˜ํˆฌ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
to enable us to see deep inside of our bodies and brains.
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๋น›์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ด์‡ ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
04:54
You're probably thinking,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:57
"Sounds good, but what about skull and bones?
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ผˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฑด๋ฐ?
05:00
How are you going to see through the brain without seeing through bone?"
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๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?"
05:04
Well, this is real human skull.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
We ordered it at skullsunlimited.com.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌด์ œํ•œํ•ด๊ณจ๋‹ท์ปด์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:12
No kidding.
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์ง„์งœ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:13
But we treat this skull with great respect at our lab and here at TED.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ•ด๊ณจ์„ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED์—์„œ๋„์š”.
05:18
And as you can see,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
05:20
the red light goes right through it.
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์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ฃ .
05:23
Goes through our bones.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
So we can go through skull and bones and flesh with just red light.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ผˆ์™€ ์‚ด์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
Gamma rays and X-rays do that, too, but they cause tumors.
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๊ฐ๋งˆ์„ ๊ณผ ์—‘์Šค์„ ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Red light is all around us.
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์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:39
So, using that, I'm going to come back here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
05:42
and show you something more useful than making a brain lase.
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๋‘๋‡Œ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข€ ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:46
We challenged ourselves to see how fine we could focus through brain tissue.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Focusing through this brain,
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์ด ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์„œ,
05:53
it was such a fine focus, we put a bare camera die in front of it.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋ฉด ๊ฝค ์„ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฎ๊ฐœ์—†๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And the bare camera die ...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์—๋Š”..
06:03
Could you turn down the spotlight?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ช… ์ข€ ๊บผ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”?
06:05
OK, there it is.
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๋„ค, ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Do you see that?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:08
Each pixel is two-thousandths of a millimeter wide.
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๊ฐ ํ”ฝ์…€์€ 2์ฒœ๋ถ„์˜ 1mm ๋„ˆ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Two microns.
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2 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก ์ด์ฃ .
06:15
That means that spot focus -- full width half max --
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์ฆ‰ ์ € ์ ์ด, ๋ฐ˜์น˜์ „ํญ์ด
06:18
is six to eight microns.
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6~8 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก ์ •๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:21
To give you an idea of what that means:
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๊ฐ์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
06:24
that's the diameter of the smallest neuron in the human brain.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
So that means we can focus through skull and brain to a neuron.
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์ฆ‰ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:34
No one has seen this before, we're doing this for the first time here.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
It's not impossible.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:41
We made it work with our system, so we've made a breakthrough.
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์ €ํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:46
Just to give an idea -- like, that's not just 50 marbles.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 50๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:49
That's billions, trillion of photons,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ, ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด‘์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
all falling in line as directed by the hologram,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ •๋˜์–ด ์ „๋ถ€ ์ผ๋ ฌ๋„ ์Ÿ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
to ricochet through densely scattering brain,
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๊ด‘์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ํŠ•๊ฒจ ๋‚˜์™€
07:01
and emerge as a focus.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
It's pretty cool.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ ?
07:06
We're excited about it.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
This is an MRI machine.
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์ด๊ฑด MRI ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
It's a few million dollars, it fills a room,
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋Œ€๋žต ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ , ํžŒ ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์šธ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
many people have probably been in one.
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๋งŽ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:14
I've spent a lot of time in one.
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์ €๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์Ÿ์•˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:15
It has a focus of about a millimeter --
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๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ ๋ช…๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
kind of chunky, compared to what I just showed you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์„ ๋ช…๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
07:21
A system based on our technology could enable dramatically lower cost,
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์ €ํฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋” ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„
07:26
higher resolution
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์˜์ƒ์„
07:28
and smaller medical imaging.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
So that's what we've started to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
My team and I have built a rig, a lab rig
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
to scan out tissue.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:40
And here it is in action.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž‘๋™์ค‘์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
We wanted to see how good we could do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
We've built this over the last year.
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์ž‘๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And the result is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”,
07:51
we're able to find tumors
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์ข…์–‘์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
in this sample --
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์ด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ
07:57
70 millimeters deep, the light going in here,
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70mm ๊นŠ์ด์—, ๋น›์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ ,
08:00
half a millimeter resolution,
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0.5mm ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์ด๊ณ ,
08:02
and that's the tumor it found.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ข…์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
You're probably looking at this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:08
like, "Sounds good, but that's kind of a big system.
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"๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฐ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ
08:13
It's smaller than a honking-big MRI machine,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ MRI๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ,
08:17
monster MRI machine,
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MRI๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฌผ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ์ž–์•„.
08:18
but can you do something to shrink it down?"
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๋” ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‚˜?"
08:22
And the answer is:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
08:23
of course.
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"๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
We can replace each big element in that system
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค๋กœ
08:28
with a smaller component --
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๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
a little integrated circuit,
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์ž‘์€ ์ง‘์ ํšŒ๋กœ์™€
08:32
a display chip the size of a child's fingernail.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์˜ ์†ํ†ฑ๋งŒํ•œ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์นฉ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
08:37
A bit about my background:
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์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:39
I've spent the last two decades inventing, prototype-developing
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„์„ ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:45
and then shipping billions of dollars of consumer electronics --
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๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์นฉ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
with full custom chips --
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08:52
on the hairy edge of optical physics.
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๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ์š”.
08:55
So my team and I built the big lab rig
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
to perfect our architecture and test the corner cases
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์ €ํฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์ž‘๋™๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:05
and really fine-tune our chip designs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์นฉ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋ถ“๊ธฐ ์ „์—
09:08
before spending the millions of dollars to fabricate each chip.
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์นฉ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:12
Our new chip inventions slim down the system, speed it up
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋” ์–‡๊ณ , ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
and enable rapid scanning and de-scattering of light
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์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์Šค์บ”์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:21
to see deep into our bodies.
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๋น›์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
This is the third key to enable better, faster and cheaper health care.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ด์‡ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
This is a mock-up of something that can replace the functionality
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์ด๊ฑด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” MRI๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„
09:40
of a multimillion-dollar MRI machine
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—
09:43
into a consumer electronics price point,
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์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
that you could wear as a bandage, line a ski hat, put inside a pillow.
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๋ถ•๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ์•ˆ์— ๋ง๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
That's what we're building.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:54
Oh, thanks!
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์•„, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:59
So you're probably thinking,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:01
"I get the light going through our bodies.
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"๋น›์ด ๋ชธ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด.
10:04
I even get the holography de-scattering the light.
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ๊ณ .
10:08
But how do we use these new chip inventions, exactly,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นฉ์„ ์Šค์บ”์—
10:11
to do the scanning?"
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?"
10:13
Well, we have a sound approach.
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์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
No, literally -- we use sound.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Here, these three discs represent the integrated circuits
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์„ธ ๋””์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ์ง‘์ ํšŒ๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
that we've designed,
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10:24
that massively reduce the size of our current bulky system.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์˜€์ฃ .
10:30
One of the spots, one of the chips, emits a sonic ping,
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์  ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ฆ‰ ์นฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
and it focuses down,
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์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ 
10:36
and then we turn red light on.
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋กœ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋น„์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
And the red light that goes through that sonic spot
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์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘์€ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
changes color slightly,
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์ƒ‰์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์˜…์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
10:45
much like the pitch of the police car siren changes
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
10:48
as it speeds past you.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜…์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
10:52
So.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ.
10:53
There's this other thing about holography I haven't told you yet,
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ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์ œ๊ฐ€
10:56
that you need to know.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Only two beams of exactly the same color can make a hologram.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ๋‘ ๋น›๋งŒ์ด ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
So, that's the orange light that's coming off of the sonic spot,
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์ €๊ฑด ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ฃผํ™ฉ๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
that's changed color slightly,
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์ƒ‰์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:11
and we create a glowing disc of orange light
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์นฉ๋“ค ์•„๋ž˜์—
11:15
underneath a neighboring chip
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์ฃผํ™ฉ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
and then record a hologram on the camera chip.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์นฉ์—์„œ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:21
Like so.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:22
From that hologram, we can extract information just about that sonic spot,
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๊ทธ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ ์ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
because we filter out all of the red light.
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์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:32
Then, we can optionally focus the light back down into the brain
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜น์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
11:35
to stimulate a neuron or part of the brain.
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์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋น›์„ ๋น„์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
And then we move on to shift the sonic focus to another spot.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ŒํŒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:44
And that way, spot by spot, we scan out the brain.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์—์„œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์Šค์บ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
Our chips decode holograms
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์ €ํฌ ์นฉ์€ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
a bit like Rosalind Franklin decoded this iconic image of X-ray diffraction
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๋กœ์ž˜๋ฆฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ด ์—‘์Šค๋ ˆ์ด ํšŒ์ ˆ ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
11:57
to reveal the structure of DNA for the first time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ DNA๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
12:01
We're doing that electronically with our chips,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์นฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ „์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
recording the image and decoding the information,
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:08
in a millionth of a second.
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๋ฐฑ ๋งŒ ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ ์•ˆ์—์š”.
12:10
We scan fast.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Our system may be extraordinary at finding blood.
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์ €ํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ํŠน์ถœํ•œ ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
And that's because blood absorbs red light and infrared light.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์€ ์ ์ƒ‰๊ด‘๊ณผ ์ ์™ธ์„ ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:21
Blood is red.
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ํ”ผ๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:23
Here's a beaker of blood.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋น„์ปค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
I'm going to show you.
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
12:27
And here's our laser, going right through it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
It really is a laser, you can see it on the -- there it is.
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์ง„์งœ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์˜ˆ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
12:34
In comparison to my pound of flesh,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์ด ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:38
where you can see the light goes everywhere.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  ๋น›์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๋Š”๊ฑธ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:41
So let's see that again, blood.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
12:44
This is really key: blood absorbs light,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ง„์งœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์€ ๋น›์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:47
flesh scatters light.
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์‚ด์€ ๋น›์„ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
This is significant,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
because every tumor bigger than a cubic millimeter or two
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 1~2 ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ mm ์ด์ƒ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…์–‘์€
12:56
has five times the amount of blood as normal flesh.
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
So with our system, you can imagine detecting cancers early,
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๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์‰ฌ์šธ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ
13:05
when intervention is easy,
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์•”์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
13:07
or tracking the size of your tumor as it grows or shrinks.
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์ข…์–‘์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š”์ง€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Our system also should be extraordinary at finding out where blood isn't,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ง‰ํžŒ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:17
like a clogged artery,
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
or the color change in blood
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ์•ก์˜ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
13:21
as it carries oxygen versus not carrying oxygen,
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์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋จธ๊ธˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
which is a way to measure neural activity.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
13:28
There's a saying that "sunlight" is the best disinfectant.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ด๊ท ์ œ๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
It's literally true.
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Researchers are killing pneumonia in lungs by shining light deep inside of lungs.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋น›์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ํ๋ ด์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Our system could enable this noninvasively.
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์ €ํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Let me give you three more examples of what this technology can do.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
13:50
One: stroke.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜. ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
There's two major kinds of stroke:
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:54
the one caused by clogs
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ๋ง‰ํ˜€์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
13:57
and another caused by rupture.
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
If you can determine the type of stroke within an hour or two,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ธ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์•ˆ์— ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:03
you can give medication to massively reduce the damage to the brain.
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๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
Get the drug wrong,
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์•ฝ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์“ฐ๋ฉด
14:10
and the patient dies.
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ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
Today, that means access to an MRI scanner within an hour or two of a stroke.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ MRI์Šค์บ๋„ˆ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:18
Tomorrow, with compact, portable, inexpensive imaging,
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๋‚ด์ผ์€ ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ  ํœด๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์˜์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
14:22
every ambulance and every clinic can decode the type of stroke
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ์™€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:26
and get the right therapy on time.
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์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:34
Thanks.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Two:
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๋‘˜์งธ.
14:38
two-thirds of humanity lacks access to medical imaging.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
Compact, portable, inexpensive medical imaging can save countless lives.
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๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ํœด๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์˜์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
And three:
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์…‹์งธ.
14:50
brain-computer communication.
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๋‡Œ์™€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
I've shown here onstage our system focusing through skull and brain
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ผˆ์™€ ๋‡Œ์†์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
to the diameter of the smallest neuron.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
15:01
Using light and sound, you can activate or inhibit neurons,
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๋น›๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด, ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
and simultaneously, we can match spec by spec
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์—, fMRI์Šค์บ๋„ˆ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋กœ
15:09
the resolution of an fMRI scanner,
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด
15:11
which measures oxygen use in the brain.
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์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
We do that by looking at the color change in the blood,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
rather than using a two-ton magnet.
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2ํ†ค ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ž์„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ์ฃ .
15:21
So you can imagine that with fMRI scanners today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ fMRI์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:28
we can decode the imagined words, images and dreams of those being scanned.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์บ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๊ฟˆ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
We're working on a system that puts all three of these capabilities
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:37
into the same system --
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
neural read and write with light and sound,
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๋น›๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ
15:41
while simultaneously mapping oxygen use in the brain --
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋‡Œ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ด์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •, ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
15:45
all together in a noninvasive portable
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๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์ธ ํœด๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ
15:48
that can enable brain-computer communication,
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๋‡Œ์™€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
no implants, no surgery, no optional brain surgery required.
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์ด์‹์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ฃ .
15:56
This can do enormous good
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‡Œ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:58
for the two billion people that suffer globally with brain disease.
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20์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:09
People ask me how deep we can go.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
And the answer is: the whole body's in reach.
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์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
But here's another way to look at it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:22
My whole head just lit up, you want to see it again?
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
16:24
Audience: Yes!
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(์ฒญ์ค‘:๋„ค!)
16:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:28
MLJ: This looks scary, but it's not.
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๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
16:31
What's truly scary is not knowing about our bodies,
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
our brains and our diseases
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1992
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
so we can effectively treat them.
292
996069
1945
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
This technology can help.
293
998038
1658
์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:39
Thank you.
294
999720
1151
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
(Applause)
295
1000895
5454
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:46
Thank you.
296
1006373
1151
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
(Applause)
297
1007548
1150
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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