Hongqiao Liu: Can China achieve its ambitious climate pledges? | TED Countdown

39,419 views ใƒป 2022-01-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dahyeon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ju-young Moon
์ง€๋‚œํ•ด, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃผ์„ ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์„œ์•ฝ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
2030๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ์ •์ ์„ ์ฐ๊ณ 
00:17
Last year, China's leader Xi Jinping made a historic pledge
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2060๋…„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
00:20
to fight global warming.
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00:22
China will strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์„ ์–ธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:26
and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.
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์šฐ์„ , ์ด ์„œ์•ฝ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
00:31
But what do those commitments actually mean?
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์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:35
First, let's consider the magnitude of these pledges.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
They call for domestic climate actions at an unprecedented speed and scale.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋งŒํผ ํฌ๊ณ 
00:45
Due to the size of China, they will also matter globally.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 4๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 40๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
00:50
China is as large as the US,
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2010๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:53
with four times the population.
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00:56
With double-digit annual economic growth in the past 40 years,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ตญ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:59
China has become the world's second-largest economy in 2010.
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๊ฝค ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ œ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
01:03
And the story of China being the world's largest emitter
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:07
is a fairly recent one.
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์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ตญ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:09
When I was born,
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01:10
and you can see I'm not that old,
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๋Œ€๋žต 15๋…„ ์ „์ฏค์ด์ฃ .
01:11
the emissions in China were only half those of the US.
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2019๋…„์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ 28%๋ฅผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
It only became the largest about 15 years ago.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:19
In 2019, China represents 28 percent of global CO2 emissions.
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2060๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ 0.2-0.3๋„ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:25
Its emissions are so significant today
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 40๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„
01:28
that going net-zero before 2060
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01:30
could prevent 0.2 to 0.3-degrees of global warming
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2150์–ต ํ†ค๋งŒํผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์ด ์–‘์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
and bring down 215 billion tons of CO2 emissions in the next 40 years.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:41
And that is equivalent to its cumulative emissions
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01:45
in the past half century.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
01:47
So why does China emit so much?
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€
์ฃผ๋กœ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2020๋…„์—๋Š”
01:53
The phenomenal economic growth in China, like in many developed countries,
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ 84%๋ฅผ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
was primarily driven by fossil fuels.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ์ฆ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ํƒ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ด์ž
02:00
In 2020,
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02:01
84 percent of Chinaโ€™s primary energy consumption came from fossil fuels.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ์„์œ  ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆ˜์š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:05
The thirst for energy has made it the world's largest coal consumer,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
the second-largest oil consumer
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02:12
and the single largest contributor to the growth in demand for gas.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜
02:16
But there's another side to the story.
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ฒญ์ •, ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
In the past decade,
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02:21
China has also seen the world's fastest and the largest deployment
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„ํ™”์„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€
์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ตํ†ต, ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ
02:25
of almost anything clean, green and low-carbon.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And that includes a long list of number ones
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2021๋…„ 7์›”
02:32
in the field of non-fossil energy,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:34
low-carbon transportation, green buildings and you just name it.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 12%์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
In July 2021, China launched the world's largest emissions-trading scheme.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
02:43
The single act has now put a carbon price to 12 percent of global CO2 emissions.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
China is also the largest producer and the processor
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๊ณผ
ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์ฃ .
02:54
of a few critical minerals used for clean-energy technologies.
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ '์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค'์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:57
It also manufactures the world's most wind turbines and solar panels.
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2060๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š”
03:03
According to Cambridge Econometrics, a UK-based consultancy,
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ํƒ€๊ตญ์— '๊ธ์ •์  ์—ฐ์‡„ ์ž‘์šฉ'์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:07
the huge scale of investment required for a net-zero China before 2060
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์ด๋กœ์จ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
could create a โ€œpositive spillover effectโ€ on other countries,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”
์ด๋ฏธ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋์ฃ .
03:16
bringing down the cost of clean energy all around the world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
And such an effect has already been observed
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03:24
in the cost of solar panels.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์ธ ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘์€
03:27
But the road to net-zero will not be an easy one.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ โ€˜์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅโ€™์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋ถ€์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:33
As China's leader Xi Jinping said himself,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:36
China must make "extraordinarily hard efforts."
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ 9๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ •์ ์„ ์ฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:41
One of the reasons is the โ€œmuch shorter time span,โ€ as Xi put it.
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ '๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•จ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:47
China has pledged to peak its emissions in the next nine years.
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3๋„์—์„œ 4๋„ ๋” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
It's worth noting, however,
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03:53
this is consideredโ€œhighly insufficientโ€ by Climate Action Tracker,
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03:57
an independent scientific analysis,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ 100์–ต์—์„œ 110์–ต ํ†ค์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ
03:59
for the consistency of a three- to four- degree warmer [planet].
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30๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
China should also bring down 10 to 11 billion tons
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์ œ ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
04:08
of annual CO2 emissions at its peak level
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ 60-70๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
04:11
to net-zero in about 30 years.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:14
That's my age, by the way.
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04:16
That would take the nations of the EU about 60, 70 years.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
2020๋…„
04:21
However, unlike the EU,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์›” ์†Œ๋“์ด 140๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•˜์ธ 6์–ต ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
China faces a dual challenge.
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04:27
In 2020, there were 600 million people living in China
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€˜์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€โ€™๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์›ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:31
with a monthly income of about 140 US dollars or less.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œํ™”์™€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
China wants to become a "great socialist modern country,"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋„
ํ‰๊ท  ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š”
04:40
which translates to continuous urbanization and modernization.
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14์–ต์„ ๊ณฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:45
Any tiny improvement
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์ด๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
that lifts up the living standard of an average Chinese person
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์ „์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:51
must be multiplied by 1.4 billion.
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04:54
And that could mean a lot more emissions.
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2020๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ GDP 38%๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
Another challenge is transforming the economic structure.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ โ€˜๋ฆฌ์•™ ๊ฐ€์˜คโ€™ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋ฉฐ
05:02
In 2020, 38 percent of China's GDP came from the secondary industry.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ๊ณ ์ ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Many of them are considered as "liang gao" industries in China,
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์ € ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์€
05:12
which means โ€œdual high.โ€
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์„ํƒ„ ๋ฐœ์ „, ๊ธˆ์†, ์ฒ , ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ, ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„, ํ™”ํ•™์•ฝํ’ˆ,
05:14
That's high energy consumption and high emissions.
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์„์œ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:18
These industries include coal power
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์„ํƒ„ ์˜์กด์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:21
and the manufacturing of iron and steel,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
05:23
cement, aluminium, chemicals, petrochemicals,
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์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:26
you know, the hard-to-abate industries you've heard of.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ 84%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And according to the International Energy Agency,
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๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ โ€˜์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณต์žฅโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ ค ์™”์ง€๋งŒ
05:32
the power and industry combined
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05:35
add up to 84 percent of the nation's total CO2 emissions.
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์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€
์ฆ‰, '๋‚ดํฌ ํƒ„์†Œ'๋Š”
05:39
For decades, China has been the so-called โ€œfactory of the world.โ€
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ 
์ค‘๊ตญ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
The emissions generated from such production,
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05:45
known as "embedded carbon,"
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05:47
are calculated as domestic emissions in China
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋‚œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„œ์•ฝํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:50
rather than being ascribed to countries that import Chinese-made products.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:55
But regardless of all those challenges, China has made its pledge.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํƒ€๊ตญ์— ์„ํƒ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ํƒ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์ œ15์ฐจ 5๊ฐœ๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:00
So how can China get there?
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06:03
China has pledged that it will not build any [more] coal power plants abroad,
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2026๋…„ ์ดํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
and it will start to phase out coal consumption
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ƒ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:09
starting from the 15th Five-Year period.
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โ€˜์นญํ™”๋Œ€โ€™์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:12
That's 2026 and onwards.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š”
06:14
Its greening up the energy structure
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06:16
and ramping up electrification.
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2060๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์˜ 79%๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
According to experts from Tsinghua University,
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06:21
electricity can meet 79 percent of China's final energy consumption by 2060,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„๊นŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋“ค๋„
๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ฐœํ˜, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ „ํ™˜,
06:27
if net-zero is achieved.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:29
And that's almost triple today's level.
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์ˆ˜์†Œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ œ๊ฐ•, ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์˜
06:32
The industry sectors we just talked about
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06:34
are also going through structural reform,
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์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
fuel switching and technology upgrades,
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06:38
including starting pilots such as hydrogen-fueled steelmaking
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โ€˜ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ €์žฅโ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํ’๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘๋ ฅ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ท„์ง€๋งŒ
06:42
and the so-called negative emissions technologies,
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06:44
you're familiar with that, you know,
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06:46
carbon capture or storage, that type of thing.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 9๋…„๊ฐ„ 2๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And while China already has
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2๋„, 1.5๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:51
the world's largest installed capacity for wind and solar,
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06:54
it has committed to double it over the next nine years.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๊ฒ€ํ† ์—์„œ
06:58
A high-level review compiled by Energy Foundation China
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”
07:02
on China's pathway to two-degree and 1.5-degree
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2030๋…„ ๊ณต์•ฝ์‹œํ•œ ์ „์— ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:05
concludes that most of the scenarios project China to peak its emissions
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2025๋…„ ์ „์—๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 10๋…„ ์ „์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:10
before the pledge deadline of 2030.
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๋†’์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘”ํ™”์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
It could be even before 2025.
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07:16
The city of Beijing has already done that about 10 years ago.
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์ฃผ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
07:20
And many high-emission provinces have also shown a sign of a slowdown.
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์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ
07:25
Experts such as Zou Ji, a veteran environmental economist,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ 1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ณต์•ฝ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:31
believe that, compared to โ€œWestern countries,โ€
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ •์ ์—์„œ ์งง์€ ์ •์ฒด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:33
China can achieve its climate pledges at a lower per-capita income
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์ง€๋„๋ถ€๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด
07:38
and more crucially,
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์˜ค์—ผ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์Šตํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜GDP ์ค‘์‹ฌโ€™ ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
07:39
a shorter plateau to its emissions peak once it is achieved.
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07:44
Chinaโ€™s leadership holds a clear view
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€˜์ƒํƒœ ๋ฌธ๋ช…โ€™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
that the country must move away from the โ€œGDP-orientedโ€ pattern
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2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ 1์ธ๋‹น GDP๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ
07:51
that โ€œpollutes, then treats,โ€
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07:52
to what it calls an โ€œecological civilization.โ€
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1์ธ๋‹น ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Since 2010, China almost doubled its GDP per capita
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
์ด ๋น„์ „์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
while largely maintaining a steady level of emissions per capita.
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08:03
And finally,
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2021๋…„ 6์›”
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ ์ฑ„๊ตด์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
let me give you just one example of how this vision is implemented.
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08:10
In June 2021,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:12
China decided to clamp down hard
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08:13
on the power-hungry mining of cryptocurrencies.
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2030๋…„ ์ „์— ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ •์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
08:17
Half of the world's capacity disappeared almost overnight.
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'๋ฆฌ์•™๊ฐ€์˜ค' ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ œํ•œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Of course, to peak emissions before 2030 at a lower level,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€
08:25
China must limit the unconstrained development of the "liang gao" industries.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘์ง€๋์ฃ .
08:31
Recently, hundreds of such new projects have been put on pause,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ ฌ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:35
waiting for new assessments on their impact on carbon emissions.
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
And the hope is that this type of change will not be linear
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์ฃผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋”๋”˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:47
but instead follow a more exponential path.
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08:50
As Zou Ji noted,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฑƒ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:52
transformation might seem slow in the beginning,
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ํ–‰๋™์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
like turning around a giant ship.
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08:59
But once the head is turned,
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
actions can accelerate in the right direction
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:05
at an unprecedented speed.
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09:08
Thank you.
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09:09
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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