The Marvels and Mysteries Revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope | Heidi Hammel and Nadia Drake

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2022-11-10 ใƒป TED


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The Marvels and Mysteries Revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope | Heidi Hammel and Nadia Drake

46,246 views ใƒป 2022-11-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Inho Baek ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hyeryung Kim
00:03
Nadia Drake: Well, I do want to ask you
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๋‚˜๋””์•„ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ: ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
about the sharpest new shiny space telescope in the shed
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:10
which happens to be here,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
00:13
the James Webb Space Telescope,
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ, JWST ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
or JWST.
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00:17
Heidi Hammel: We already knew back then in the late 80s, 1990s,
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ํ•˜์ด๋”” ํ•จ๋ฉœ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
80, 90๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
that the universe was expanding.
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00:24
And we knew that to see the very first galaxies
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:29
and maybe even the first stars that ever formed in the universe --
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ณ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:33
Because of the expansion of the universe,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:36
the light from those galaxies is likewise expanded,
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๊ทธ ์€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋น›๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
and it's shifted from blue wavelengths to longer wavelengths, red wavelengths.
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์ ์ƒ‰ ํŽธ์ด๋กœ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ‰์€ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
00:45
And so the concept then for the next generation space telescope
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€
00:50
was to build an advanced telescope
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์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํŠนํ™”๋œ
00:52
that really focused on the infrared part of the spectrum,
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
because that's where we could see the first stars and the first galaxies.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ณ„์ด๋‚˜ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ์ ์™ธ์„  ์˜์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:02
I knew that this telescope that was being built to find it,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
to probe the light from the first galaxies,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:09
would also be a fabulous tool to study Neptune and Uranus.
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์ฒœ์™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:15
I mean, I just knew that because I knew it would be big enough.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:18
I knew that because it was a space telescope,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ๋‹ค
01:21
the images would be stable and pristine.
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01:24
And I knew that these wavelengths of light in the infrared
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์ ์™ธ์„  ์˜์—ญ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋น›์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋„ ๋‹ค ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
01:27
had all sorts of interesting molecular signatures
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01:31
so that we could learn
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ƒ์ธต๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:32
about the upper atmospheres of these planets.
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01:35
And so Iโ€™m like, โ€œIโ€™m in. Iโ€™ll do this.โ€
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๋งˆ์น˜ โ€œ์ €๋„ ๋‚„๊ฒŒ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.โ€ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
01:38
So in 2002, I wrote a proposal saying
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2002๋…„์— ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I would like to be an interdisciplinary scientist for this program
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
01:45
to ensure that this telescope will be able to do solar system observations
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:50
when it is launched.
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01:52
And in 2003, my proposal was accepted,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2003๋…„, ์ œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
and that was how I formally became involved in this telescope.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ ..
02:00
So Webb --
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›น...
02:03
It's different than Hubble.
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
It's a different kind of telescope for a number of reasons.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
One is it's a lot bigger than Hubble.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Itโ€™s a six-and-a-half-meter mirror -- the golden mirror, the collecting area --
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๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ ์ง‘๊ด‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 6.5๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
versus Hubble's two point four.
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ 2.4๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ฃ .
02:18
ND: Itโ€™s so big that it couldnโ€™t be launched looking like that.
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ND: ์ด๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค์„œ
02:22
It had to be all folded up.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ‘์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:23
HH: Thatโ€™s right. It had to be folded up.
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HH: ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:26
And that's why the mirror is segments.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ
02:29
ND: Yeah. HH: So that it could be folded up.
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ND: ๋งž์•„์š”. HH: ์ ‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:31
ND: Like a honeycomb. HH: Like a honeycomb, exactly.
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ND: ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ? HH: ๋งž์•„์š”, ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:33
ND: But then it had to unfold in space.
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ND: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŽด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
02:35
And I remember how nervous people were about this process
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋“ค ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธด์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:38
because it really was something
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:40
that everything, every single step had to go right.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:43
HH: Not only did the telescope have to fold up,
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HH: ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์ ‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:46
but we -- if you look at Webb,
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์›น ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
02:47
it's got this huge contraption underneath it,
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ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:50
which we call a sunshield.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์–‘๋ง‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
And that's crucial for this telescope.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์— ์—†์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด์ฃ .
02:55
ND: How did you feel as you were witnessing the deployment sequence?
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ND: ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
03:00
HH: I sure was nervous, just like everybody else.
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HH: ์†”์งํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธด์žฅ๋˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:03
There were several single point failures
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์žฅ์• ์ ์ด ๋ณด์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:05
where if that thing didn't unbolt or unfold,
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์ฒด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋Š์Šจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ‘ํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:09
we didn't have a working telescope anymore.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
So it was extremely nerve-racking.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธด์žฅํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:15
But we had many years of testing
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
because we knew that there was no fixing this telescope.
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
This telescope's not in low earth orbit like Hubble.
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ €๊ถค๋„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:25
The James Webb Space Telescope is a million miles away
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ ์•ฝ 161๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
at a point called the L2 Point,
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๋ผ๊ทธ๋ž‘์ฃผ ์ œ2์ง€์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:32
and it was put out there deliberately because it needed to be cold.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์ƒํƒœ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:36
It needed to have the sunshield to protect the telescope
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ณผ์—ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฐจ์–‘๋ง‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
from the warmth of the Sun, the warmth of the Earth
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:44
and even the warmth of our Moon.
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๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:46
So the sunshield is designed to be like an umbrella that protects it,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ์–‘๋ง‰์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
a sun umbrella that keeps that telescope super cold.
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ณผ์—ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–‘์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:54
So we couldn't put it in low earth orbit
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ €๊ถค๋„์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
because it's just too warm in that environment.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ €๊ถค๋„๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:58
You can't sense infrared light when it's hot.
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์™ธ์„ ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
You have to have it cold.
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์ถ”์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
04:03
By the way, that's also why this telescope
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€
04:05
is completely exposed to the elements of space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Most other telescopes have tubes that enclose them,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:13
and this one doesn't.
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
The mirrors are just sitting out there. ND: They're just out there.
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๊ฑฐ์šธ์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ND: ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
04:18
HH: They're just sitting out there.
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HH: ๋„ค, ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:20
ND: So the first deep field from JWST,
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ND: JWST์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ฌ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
04:23
I think the analogy I heard was that the image itself
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์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์Œ€์•Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๋์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:26
covers about the amount of space
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ํŒ”์„ ๋ป—์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:28
as a grain of rice on a fingertip held at arm's length.
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04:33
Is that right?
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๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
04:35
HH: I heard a grain of sand, not a grain of rice.
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HH: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์Œ€ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
But it's the same concept, you know, that -- yeah.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
If you -- the piece of sky you see in that picture,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด,
04:45
if you were like standing in your backyard and looking up in the sky,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์„œ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:48
that piece of sky is about the same size as a tiny grain of sand.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
If you moved your grain of sand over to the left,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•Œ์„ ์‚ด์ง ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:57
you would see more galaxies,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
and over to the left again, more galaxies.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ ์˜ฎ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
And anywhere you looked in the sky, it is filled with galaxies.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋“  ์€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
ND: Just thousands and thousands in that one image alone.
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ND: ์ € ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ•œ ์žฅ์—๋งŒ ์€ํ•˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
05:10
HH: Exactly. What I'm waiting for
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HH: ๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฑด
05:13
is the James Webb Space Telescope Deep Field,
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‹ฌ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
where we stare for days at a dark spot that we don't know where anything is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ด๋„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
์–ด๋‘์šด ์ง€์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹ฌ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
What are we going to see?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:26
And then, think about that, going to be all over the whole sky.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์ „ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Our universe is going to mentally expand
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
05:35
at that moment when we get that deep field from James Webb Space Telescope.
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์‹ฌ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
It's going to be mind-blowing.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:44
ND: I just think about it.
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ND: ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
05:45
Peering so far back in time
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ํƒœ๊ณ ์˜ ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•”ํ‘์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
05:49
to the beginning of the primordial cosmic murk.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
05:53
HH: Yeah.
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HH: ๋„ค.
05:55
ND: When stars and galaxies are just starting to turn on
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ND: ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๋“ค์ด ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€
05:57
and how different the universe was
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€,
06:00
and the fact that we humans on this one little planet Earth
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
06:05
can craft an instrument that has the capability
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
06:09
to let us see that, 13.5 billion years ago,
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135์–ต ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
06:13
or whatever it ends up being,
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
is really phenomenal.
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06:17
HH: Yeah.
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HH: ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
I view it as an example of what humanity can do
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ์„ (ๅ–„)์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
06:23
when we work for the greater good,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ
06:25
when we work as teams and we have a goal.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
This project required thousands of people in multiple countries,
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
multiple states,
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06:36
to take this vision and turn it into a concrete thing,
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๋น„์ „์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
06:42
this telescope.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
And then launch it on a rocket,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋กœ์ผ“์— ์‹ค์–ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
06:46
and then have the ability to use it, to probe
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํƒ์‚ฌํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:49
from right in our local neighborhood
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:53
all the way to the edge of the known universe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:55
and everything in between.
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06:57
ND: Yeah. HH: It's amazing to me.
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ND: ๋„ค. HH: ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ ?
06:59
And everybody had a role to play.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ž ๋งก์€ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:01
The beryllium miners
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๋ฒ ๋ฆด๋ฅจ ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋Š”
07:03
who mined the beryllium we used to make the mirrors
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๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋ฆด๋ฅจ์„ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
and the cable wrappers who wrapped the cables
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์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํฌ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํฌ์žฅํ•ด
07:10
to allow this thing to move,
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์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:12
and the people who built the different instruments.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
We have a suite of four different instruments,
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
cameras and spectrographs.
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Both here, in Europe.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:23
You know, we all worked -- in Canada.
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Canada made the fine guidance sensor that allows us to point this thing.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์œ ๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
I mean, it's a truly international effort
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:33
and it all comes together to create this revolution
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
07:38
in how we see the cosmos.
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ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
ND: Do you have a favorite
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ND: ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ค‘์—
07:43
among the images that have been released so far?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:47
HH: Well, they all have special aspects about them
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HH: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ œ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
that make me go, โ€œWow!โ€
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๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
07:54
In the case of the โ€œCosmic Cliffsโ€ image,
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โ€œ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝโ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ ,
07:58
itโ€™s beautiful, itโ€™s blue in the dark and orange in the bottom.
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์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ณณ์€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์€ ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
08:02
And, you know, I get excited about images like that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ถ„๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
because not only are they tremendously beautiful
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ 
08:09
and evocative in a poetic way,
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์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:11
but those are places where stars are being born.
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๋ณ„์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And some of the little pokey things that stick out,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š”
08:20
that give it some of its dramatic structure,
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๋งˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
you know, those are -- thatโ€™s star birth in the making.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ณ„์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
And I think that's just so cool.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
And particularly when we use our infrared cameras,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ ์™ธ์„  ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
08:32
we can look inside some of those knobs and see the stars that are being born.
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
And in some places, like the Orion Nebula --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์˜จ ์„ฑ์šด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š”,
08:42
there was just an image released of the Orion Nebula --
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ์˜จ ์„ฑ์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:44
thatโ€™s places where planetary systems are forming.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
We aren't seeing the planets,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
08:49
but we're seeing the swirling disks of dust and gas
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์„ฑ๊ฐ„ ๋จผ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด์น˜๋Š” ์›๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
where those planets are being born.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ .
08:55
And even some of these galaxy images, while they may be static,
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์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ผ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์€ํ•˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
08:59
like the "Stephan's Quintet" image,
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โ€œ์Šˆํ…ŒํŒก์˜ 5์ค‘์ฃผโ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๊ฐ™์ด
๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜ ์ค‘
09:02
which is five galaxies --
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09:03
one of which is an interloper, itโ€™s a foreground galaxy.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฒฝ ์€ํ•˜๋ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Itโ€™s not part of the other crew.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
ND: Just wanted to be in the shot.
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ND: ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
09:10
HH: It's just photobombing the other ones.
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HH: ์€ํ•˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
But the four that are part of a cluster,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
what you learn from James Webb Space Telescope
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:20
is that in the regions where they are interacting and overlapping,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์ฒฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
those regions light up in the infrared.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ ์™ธ์„ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ
09:28
Those are places where the dust and the gas
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ์„ฑ๊ฐ„ ๋จผ์ง€, ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€
09:32
and the existing stars of those other galaxies,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
when they are interacting, they are forming new stars.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
They are creating new realms of star formation,
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๋ณ„์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
09:44
and they just light up in the infrared in that image.
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๋ณ„์—์„œ ์ ์™ธ์„ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
ND: Yeah. And I just wonder, like, what's missing from that picture?
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ND: ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฑด, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฑด ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
09:52
What can JWST fill in?
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JWST๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
09:55
I mean, how much more color can it add?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋” ์ž…ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
HH: What JWST adds to our ongoing story
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HH: JWST์ด ๋” ์ฑ„์›Œ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด
10:02
is it adds new wavelengths of light
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
10:06
that we haven't had the sensitivity to study,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
and different wavelengths of light tell you different parts of this story.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And we also use tools in astronomy called spectrographs,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:20
and that is where we don't just take pictures,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋งŒ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:23
but we actually take the light
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๋น›์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น›์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
10:25
and we spread it out into its rainbow of colors.
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10:30
And what we do is we look for what we call fingerprints in that light, if you will.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ์œ„ โ€˜๋น›์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธโ€™์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Certain atoms and molecules tend to absorb specific colors of light,
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์–ด๋–ค ์›์ž์™€ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:43
just by the very nature of their construction,
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์ž…์ž ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์šด๋™์„ฑ, ์ง„๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:46
and their motion and vibration.
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10:47
They absorb certain colors of light.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋น›์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
So by spreading the light out into a rainbow
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น›์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผœ
10:53
and looking for patterns in what light is missing,
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ํก์ˆ˜๋œ ํŒŒ์žฅ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:57
that tells you what molecules are there.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:00
And not only does it tell you [which] are there,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„
11:02
it tells you their temperature.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์••๋ ฅ๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
It can tell you their pressures.
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11:06
By tracking carefully these lines in the spectrum,
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์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์„  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:11
you can determine the motions of this material.
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์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ์šด๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And so we don't just have a static picture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋งŒ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
We can actually do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
11:19
three-dimensional tomography of astrophysical objects
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๋น›์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
11:24
by using this spectral light information.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒœ์ฒด๋“ค์„ 3์ฐจ์› ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
But as an astronomer, it's not just the pictures.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
It is spreading that light out and looking into its constituents,
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๋น›์„ ํŒŒ์žฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๊ด‘์‹œ์ผœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:35
thatโ€™s where the real, deep science takes place.
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Thatโ€™s where you get what stars are actually made of.
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์ด ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:44
Like, helium, and the helium and hydrogen,
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ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ๋ฆด๋ฅจ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:49
and beryllium and even iron and nickel.
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์ฒ , ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
11:52
How do you know that? You can't go there and weigh it.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊นŒ์š”?
๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์žด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ์š”?
11:56
You learn it from the light.
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๋น›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:58
ND: Can you tell us about that instrument
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ND: ์ฒœ์™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ,
12:01
and what it might be able to show us about Uranus and Neptune
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„
12:05
and some of the other giant planets that we haven't been able to see before?
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
12:09
How is this telescope going to help us understand these worlds?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
12:12
HH: Let's say you wanted to study Jupiter's rings, right?
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HH: ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
12:15
We know Jupiter has rings. Voyager saw them.
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์— ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์ด์ €๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
But we know most planetary rings change with time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
12:23
Trying to image the faint ring of Jupiter
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋น›์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:27
next to the incredibly bright planet of Jupiter
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ž€
12:31
is extraordinarily difficult.
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์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
The rings are a million times fainter than the planet,
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๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:36
and they're right next to it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
But James Webb Space Telescope, the sensitivity is so good
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:43
and the imaging capability is so good
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
12:47
that the scattered light from Jupiter
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋น›์ด
12:50
does not spread even out to the local place where the rings are.
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๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์„ญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
So in our first images, engineering images of Jupiter,
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
12:59
that were taken just to test the scattered light on the camera --
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๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋น›์„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
they took a couple of sharp, short images of Jupiter
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์„ ์ฐ๊ณ 
13:08
and moved Jupiter closer and closer to the fine guidance sensor
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๋ฏธ์„ธ ์œ ๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์— ๋” ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
to see if it would screw up our guiding --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
13:14
even in those short engineering images, the rings are right there.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋„ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Beautiful.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์ฃ .
13:20
Just totally resolved right next to the planet a million times brighter.
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐ์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
ND: Well, can we talk about planets outside the solar system, too?
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ND: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:30
HH: Sure. Yeah. What's your favorite?
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HH: ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
13:32
ND: What's your favorite?
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ND: ๋‹น์‹ ์€์š”?
13:33
HH: Oh, I don't know. I've got a couple of favorites.
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HH: ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:37
ND: Yeah?
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ND : ๋„ค?
13:38
HH: I think a lot of astronomersโ€™ ... favorite system right now
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HH: ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„๋Š”
13:42
is the TRAPPIST-1 system.
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ํŠธ๋ผํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ-1 ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:43
ND: Yeah. Tell me about it.
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ND: ๋„ค, ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:44
HH: TRAPPIST-1 is -- that's the name of the star.
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HH: ํŠธ๋ผํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ-1์€ ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
TRAPPIST is the name of the survey, right?
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ํŠธ๋ผํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์—์š”, ๋งž์ฃ ?
13:50
But it looked at this star and it discovered
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์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
13:54
that there are at least seven planets orbiting this star.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์ด ๋ณ„์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
13:59
And most of those planets seem to be Earth-sized.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒ ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
In the TRAPPIST-1 system,
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ํŠธ๋ผํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ-1 ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
14:07
several of the planets are the right distance from the host star
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ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
that water could be liquid on the surface of them.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ฃ .
14:16
We call that the habitable zone.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง€๋Œ€๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
14:18
And you and I could have a long talk about what habitability actually means.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋œป์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
But in our solar system, at least on our Earth,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋งŒ
14:26
the only place that we know life exists, there's a lot of water.
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And so when we're talking about looking for habitable planets,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ธ์ง€ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:34
we look at planets that are at the right distance from their host star
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๊ทธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ชจํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:37
that they could have water on them.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
So that TRAPPIST system that we know that there are planets
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ผํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„๋Š”
14:43
in potentially habitable region,
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
and that those planets are roughly Earth-sized,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
14:48
they are everybody's favorite right now
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋กœ
14:51
for JWST to take a look at with our spectrographs.
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์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
ND: Yeah.
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ND: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
14:56
Do you think there is life beyond Earth somewhere?
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—๋„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
15:00
And if so, where?
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์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:02
HH: OK, so let me answer the second question first.
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HH: ๋„ค, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋จผ์ € ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
This question of, โ€œis there alien life out there?โ€
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โ€œ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด ์กด์žฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?โ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
15:08
I usually break it up into two things.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
One is a thought experiment about the size of the universe,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
the scale of the universe,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
15:19
just how many stars there are in our galaxy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:22
And then how many galaxies?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:24
There's billions of stars just in our local galaxy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
And there's billions of galaxies out there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:30
And we talk about whether or not life could have formed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
15:34
over the billions of years that our universe has existed
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜, ๊ฐ ์€ํ•˜์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
15:38
with these billions of galaxies, each of which has billions of stars.
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์ƒ๋ช…์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
I say life has to exist somewhere out there.
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Somewhere. [It] has to be out there.
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
Does that mean that aliens have come to Earth and visited us?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:51
No, that's a totally separate question.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
I just -- it's not a related question.
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
15:57
That's a more psychological question.
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์ข€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
16:00
I'm more interested in the science aspect of the question.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
I think we need to start with terrestrial-sized planets
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์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
16:07
that are the right distance to have water on them,
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์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
16:10
because those are the conditions required to create life as we know it on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
And the only kind of life that we'll initially recognize
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„
16:18
is going to be life like ours, I think.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ข…์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
ND: So JWST is one tool that we can use in the search for life beyond Earth.
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ND: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ JWST๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
16:26
But there are others, including within our own solar system:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
some of the rovers that are on Mars,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด
16:32
currently looking for signs of ancient biosignatures
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ”์  ๋˜๋Š” ์•”๋ฒฝ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜
16:37
or ancient signs of alien life in the rocks there,
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์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ํ”์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:39
but also some of the missions that are being planned
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
16:42
to the outer solar system,
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์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:43
and specifically some of the moons there.
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16:46
I'm curious about whether you think it's possible that life exists here
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ, ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์—์„œ๋„
16:51
in our local neighborhood,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
16:53
but beyond Earth.
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16:55
HH: Hey, anything is possible.
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HH: ๋„ค, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
I've learned in my career never to deal in absolutes
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‹จ์ •์ง€์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
because the universe is great at throwing curveballs at you.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
You know, when we have our rovers on Mars
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๋„ค, ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:08
and our orbiters that are doing really exquisite orbital imaging,
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๊ถค๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ถค๋„ ์„ ํšŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:13
it's clear that there's evidence that at one time there was liquid water
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
on the surface of Mars.
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17:19
Thereโ€™s sedimentation,
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ํ‡ด์ ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
thereโ€™s a chemical evidence,
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17:24
there's, you know, actually water trapped
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
17:26
in the ices in the poles of Mars right now.
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๋ฌผ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
And so it could very well be that at some time in the past
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฝค ์ปค์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
17:35
that planet had liquid water
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17:38
and may have had the conditions for life to form.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์š”.
17:41
We don't know.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
It could be that life formed there first
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
17:45
and transmitted itself inward to us. We could be Martians.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ์ธ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
17:48
ND: We could be Martians.
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ND: ํ™”์„ฑ์ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
17:50
HH: I don't know. We don't know the answer to that.
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HH: ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
17:53
Using our definition of looking at places where there's liquid water,
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๋ฌผ์ด ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:58
you know, people sort of initially confined it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ
18:02
to a certain distance from the host star --
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์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญํ•œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
sort of from the Earth just barely out to Mars
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ด์ง ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ํ™”์„ฑ
18:08
and maybe inward a little bit,
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๊ธˆ์„ฑ์€ ์‚ด์ง ์•ˆ์ชฝ
18:10
not quite as inward as Venus,
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๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
but they kind of limited it to that region,
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๊ธˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™”์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํ•œ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
saying, โ€œWell, Earth is the Goldilocks zone.
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โ€œ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šค ์กด์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
That's why it's not too hot, not too cold.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฅ์ง€๋„ ์ถฅ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:18
Thatโ€™s why life is here.โ€
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18:20
But we've learned more about our solar system
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๋•๋ถ„์—
18:23
with the spacecraft and telescopes.
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
And one of the things that we have learned with our missions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
18:30
to the Jupiter system and the Saturn system
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18:33
is that some of the larger moons in those systems
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ๊ณ„์™€ ํ† ์„ฑ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:37
do have evidence of liquid water in their interiors.
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์œ„์„ฑ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
More water on Jupiter's moon,
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์ธ
18:45
more water inside Jupiter's moon, Europa,
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์œ ๋กœํŒŒ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:48
that we have on the surface of the Earth, which is kind of crazy. Think about it.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด์š”. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
18:51
ND: Itโ€™s mind-boggling to think about.
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ND: ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋„ค์š”.
18:54
HH: The question is, could life form in that water?
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HH: ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
18:56
And it gets back to what are the ingredients you need for life?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ช… ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
19:00
You need water, but you also need some kind of an energy source.
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๋ฌผ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์› ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
19:05
You need some kind of a surface
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์ƒ๋ช…์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
19:07
on which life can do its chemical thing to form.
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ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ณ ์š”.
19:12
I'm not an astrobiologist, so I don't know what the right lingo is,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
but you need to have a surface for stuff to happen.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
And does Europa have those things?
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ์— ์กด์žฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
19:22
Well, it doesn't have them on its surface.
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์•„๋งˆ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
Its surface is just ice.
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์œ ๋กœํŒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ์ฃ .
19:27
But we know from our various flybys of this --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด ๊ทผ์ ‘ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
19:31
we were able to map out its structure, its internal structure,
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์œ ๋กœํŒŒ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
by looking at the magnetic field and how it interacts with it,
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์ค‘๋ ฅ ํŽธํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
19:38
by looking at gravitational deflection --
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
19:41
we know that it probably has a solid core,
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ํ•ต์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
19:44
and we also know that Europa is warm.
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๋˜ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
Now, why would this moon out there at Jupiter's distance,
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์ด ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ๋งŒํผ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
19:52
why would it be warm, right?
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์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
19:54
Why would Jupiterโ€™s other moon, Io, have active volcanoes?
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์™œ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์„ฑ์ธ ์ด์˜ค์—๋Š” ํ™œํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ์กด์žฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
19:57
That's really warm. That's crazy warm.
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์ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์š”.
20:01
And the answer is these moons actually interact with one another.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:05
They do like a little resonant dance with each other as they orbit Jupiter.
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์ด ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ช…์˜ ์ถค์„ ์ถ˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
And as they orbit one another and interact with one another,
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์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
20:14
the gravity of these moons makes very tiny flexes
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์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ์ž ์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€
20:18
in the shape of the moons,
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๊ตฝํž˜์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:20
but the flexes repeat over time
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฝํž˜์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ 
20:23
and that repeating warms the planet.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
I used to illustrate this for kids with old credit cards.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
20:31
If you take an old credit card
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ 
20:32
and you bend it, bend it, bend it, bend it,
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ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
20:34
and you feel where you're bending, it's warm.
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๊ตฝํ˜€์ง„ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
It's really the same process.
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
It's that flexing is what warms these.
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๊ตฝํ˜€์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
So for Europa in orbit around Jupiter,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:44
we have the water, we have the rocky surface deep inside.
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๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์•”์„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:48
We have warmth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
We've got this energy source thing.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:53
So is it possible that life has formed there?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
20:57
Sure.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:58
Who am I to say no?
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:00
I mean, what do I know?
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
21:02
I mean, the universe is much more complex than I can imagine.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:07
So we are building a spacecraft called the Clipper spacecraft,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ „ํ• 
21:10
which is going to go to the Jupiter system
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์œ ๋กœํŒŒ ํด๋ฆฌํผ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
and it's going to orbit Jupiter,
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21:14
but it's going to do multiple flybys of the moon Europa.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ ํด๋ฆฌํผ๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ช‡ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ทผ์ฒฉ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
ND: So, Heidi, word on the street is that you have a favorite moon.
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ND: ํ•˜์ด๋”” ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
21:24
What is it?
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
21:25
And there's only one right answer to this question.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
HH: My favorite moon is Triton.
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HH: ๋‹ต์€ ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
ND: It's a pretty good one. HH: It's not the right one, though?
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ND: ์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
HH: ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ?
21:35
ND: I was going to say Iapetus.
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ND: ์ œ ๋‹ต์€ ์ด์•„ํŽ˜ํˆฌ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:36
HH: No, no, no, no.
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HH: ์•„, ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”.
21:38
We're going to have a long conversation about that.
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์ด์•„ํŽ˜ํˆฌ์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•  ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
ND: Tell me why Triton is better.
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ND: ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
21:43
HH: Triton is such a cool moon.
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HH: ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์œ„์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:47
It goes in a retrograde orbit backwards around the planet.
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ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์€ ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ญํ–‰ ๊ณต์ „์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
We think it was actually a Kuiper Belt object
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์ด ์นด์ดํผ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
21:53
that got too close to Neptune and was captured by Neptune.
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ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ์„œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋ถ™์žกํ˜”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
And it's a big moon.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:00
I mean, if you want Pluto to be a planet,
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์ด ๋ง์€, ๋ช…์™•์„ฑ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
22:02
I don't know where you stand on that issue,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
22:05
but Triton is twin to Pluto.
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ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์€ ๋ช…์™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
So it's like a planet in orbit around another planet.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
ND: But itโ€™s going backwards.
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ND: ๊ถค๋„๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
22:12
HH: But it's going backwards around the planet.
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HH: ๋„ค, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
22:15
And when Voyager flew by in 1989,
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๋ณด์ด์ € ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 1989๋…„์— ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ๋•Œ
22:19
it actually flew kind of close,
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๊ฝค ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•ด์„œ
22:22
so we got a good view of one half of it.
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์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
And it's got remarkable terrain and it has active cryovolcanoes on it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:32
There are volcanoes, ice volcanoes, erupting on Triton, like, in real time.
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ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ํ™”์‚ฐ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
22:39
So that's pretty amazing.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์ฃ ?
22:41
I mean, it's got an atmosphere, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
22:44
And it could have a liquid water ocean inside it.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
22:47
So it may be an ocean world.
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:50
And since we know it's active, because we saw it with Voyager,
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ํ™œํ™”์‚ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด์ด์ € ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
22:54
that may be another abode for life.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์š”๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
ND: So, Heidi, how did you become interested in astronomy?
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ND: ํ•˜์ด๋”” ์”จ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
23:00
What was it that lit that fire for you?
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๋ถˆ์„ ์ง€ํ•€ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
23:03
HH: It's kind of a goofy story, but I think in one sense,
425
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HH: ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฉ€๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
23:08
I became an astronomer because I used to get carsick.
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23:11
ND: Seriously?
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ND: ์ •๋ง์š”? (์›ƒ์Œ)
23:13
HH: My family would go on road trips
428
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HH: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋…”๋Š”๋ฐ
23:16
and, you know,
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์ „ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋’ท์ขŒ์„์— ์•‰์•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ€๋ฏธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ญ˜ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
23:17
I would be in the back of the car and I'd be so sick and I couldn't read.
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23:21
I couldn't do anything except stare out the window.
431
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
23:23
And at night, staring out the window,
432
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๋ฐค์—, ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
23:26
I started to recognize star patterns like the Big Dipper and Orion.
433
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์ €๋Š” ๋ถ๋‘์น ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์˜จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:31
And I became more familiar with them
434
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ์นœํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
23:34
because that's all I could do is to stare out at the sky.
435
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
23:38
And so, you know, I think that sort of kindled an interest for me.
436
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
But I had a math teacher who one day took her class of four students aside
437
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋„ค ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
23:46
and said, "Where are you young people planning to go to college?"
438
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
23:51
And when it came to my turn, I said, "Penn State."
439
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์ œ ์ฐจ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
She said, "Why?"
440
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹œ๊ธธ๋ž˜
23:56
And I said, โ€œWell, my dad went to Penn State and I live in Pennsylvania.โ€
441
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด์•„์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
23:59
She said, "I think you should apply to MIT."
442
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ MIT๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
24:02
ND: Wow.
443
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ND: ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ตฐ์š”.
24:04
HH: And I said, "I don't even know what that is."
444
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HH: ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ MIT๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
24:06
So she encouraged me and I applied.
445
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๋กœ ์ €๋Š” MIT์— ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:10
When it came time for letters of recommendation,
446
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์ถ”์ฒœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
24:13
I asked my chemistry teacher to write me a letter, and he said no.
447
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4254
ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:18
And I said, "Why not?"
448
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์™œ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ƒ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ญค๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ
24:19
He said, "You'll never get into MIT."
449
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ MIT์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
24:23
So I asked my history teacher instead,
450
1463083
3587
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
24:26
and she did write a letter and I did get into MIT.
451
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ถ”์ฒœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์จ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ MIT๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:30
And when I brought back my acceptance letter
452
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ ํ†ต์ง€์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
24:32
and showed it to my chemistry teacher -- โ€œLook, I got into MIT.โ€ --
453
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, MIT์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
24:35
he said, "It's only because you're a woman.
454
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ . โ€œ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์—ฌ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
24:38
They have quotas to fill."
455
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์ผ์ • ์ธ์›์„ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ .โ€
24:41
This is in 1978 when people said things like that to your face.
456
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1978๋…„์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋Œ€๋†“๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
24:47
That made me angry more than anything.
457
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์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:50
So I was determined to go to MIT and --
458
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ MIT์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
24:54
graduate, you know.
459
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
ND: What are some of the most nagging unanswered questions in your mind
460
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ND: ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์† ์˜๋ฌธ ์ค‘
25:01
that exist in astronomy?
461
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ดด๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด ๋ญ์ฃ ?
25:03
Any field in astronomy, could be anywhere in the universe,
462
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ , ํ˜น์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜
25:06
close to home, far away.
463
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์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ์š”.
25:07
What bugs you? What keeps you up at night?
464
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2002
๊ดด๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
25:10
HH: How did the first stars and galaxies form in the universe?
465
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5297
HH: ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
25:16
We have lots of models and theories,
466
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3253
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
25:19
but to be able to make actual observations as early as we can,
467
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6173
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ด€์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
25:25
to tie together some of the disparate observations we have
468
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์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ
25:29
with a coherent story.
469
1529649
2169
๋ฌถ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์š”,
25:31
I think that is an area that is very, very interesting right now.
470
1531818
6507
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:38
And of course, that's why James Webb Space Telescope was built,
471
1538325
3295
๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
25:41
to add a piece to that story.
472
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:45
ND: Uh-huh.
473
1545665
1252
ND: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
25:46
HH: I think I'm also interested
474
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3170
HH: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
25:50
in how our planetary system that we live in,
475
1550170
4546
์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
25:54
how did it in particular come to be and how did it come to be habitable?
476
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:00
We know this is the only one ...
477
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
26:02
the only system that we know is inhabited, right,
478
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ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
26:05
is our solar system. ND: Right.
479
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ . ND: ๋งž์•„์š”.
26:07
HH: Is it required that you have giant planets in the outer system
480
1567854
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HH: ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์™ธํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ํฐ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
26:11
and small planets in the inner solar system
481
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๋‚ดํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
26:13
to make habitability?
482
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1668
26:15
Or is it just by happenstance?
483
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์šฐ์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
26:17
Did you have to have a Jupiter to make it habitable?
484
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
26:21
Did you have to have a Neptune to sweep out through the Kuiper Belt
485
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์นด์ดํผ ๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
๋‚ดํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
26:26
and deliver volatiles to the inner solar system,
486
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ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
26:29
water and stuff?
487
1589376
1543
26:30
I mean, that's so interesting. And ...
488
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3170
์ œ ๋ง์€, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
And it touches us as humans.
489
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์ฃ .
26:38
Like, how did we come to be?
490
1598176
1418
์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
26:39
It's part of our story, it's part of our life story.
491
1599636
4004
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด์ž ์ƒ๋ช… ํƒ„์ƒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:43
So I'm very interested in that question as well.
492
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ € ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:46
And we still have so many observations left to make,
493
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์•„์ง ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ด€์ธก ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
both within our solar system and in the greater universe.
494
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์™€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
26:55
I think astronomers will be busy for a long time to come.
495
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”์  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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