Emma Marris: Are wild animals really "wild"? | TED

56,896 views ใƒป 2021-09-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Miji Ahn ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hyeryung Kim
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋…ํŠนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
So, human relationships with animals can be pretty weird.
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๋จผ์ € ๋ฐ˜๋ ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ถ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
00:17
We put them in categories based on how we see them.
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๋ฐ˜๋ ค ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
So there's pets and they're, like, members of the family.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€์ถ•์€ ์žก์•„๋จน์ฃ .
00:24
And then there's farm animals
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
and they're often very similar to pets in terms of their cognitive abilities
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์ €๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
and their emotional abilities.
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00:31
But of course, we eat them.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:33
And then there's wild animals.
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00:35
And I've been wondering what wild animals even are anymore.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•ผ์ƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:40
Like, you can get a degree in wildlife management,
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๋Š‘๋Œ€ ์žฌ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
00:43
but if you're managing them, are they really wild?
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๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œ๋ถ€์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์ž…๋๋˜ 1990๋…„๋Œ€์—,
๋Š‘๋Œ€๋“ค์€ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
I started thinking about this in the context of wolf reintroduction.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , GPS ์ถ”์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ ,
00:52
So when wolves were first brought back to the American West in the 1990s,
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DNA ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
00:55
they were pretty heavily managed and they still are today.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
00:58
A lot of them wear collars,
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๊ณ ๋ฌดํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ ,
00:59
they have GPS trackers,
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01:01
they have their DNA on file, they have names and numbers.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ค‘๊ณ ์ฐจ ๋งค์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์ธํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์ฃ .
01:04
And if they get a taste for livestock,
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01:06
then we haze them with rubber bullets or air horns,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ ๋จนํžˆ๋ฉด, ์ด์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
or sometimes those, like, floaty guys that you see in used-car lots.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์ง„์งœ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:15
And of course, if they don't get the message, they can be shot.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋Š‘๋Œ€๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋•…๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ์™€ ๋„์‹ฌ ์† ๊ฐœ๋˜ฅ์ง€๋น ๊ท€๊ฐ€
01:18
So how wild are they really
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์•ผ์ƒ์ด๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
if they're being this carefully managed?
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๋„,
01:23
It's occurred to me that a ground squirrel or a city robin
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์ผ์ƒ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:27
is in some ways wilder than these wolves,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃ .
01:30
because although they might live in a city,
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01:33
no one is managing their day-to-day life.
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๋†์—…์šฉ ํ† ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜, ๋ฉธ์ข…, ๊ฐ€์ถ•ํ™”, ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๊ฐ„ ์ข… ์ด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด์š”.
01:36
But of course, they are living in a human world.
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01:38
A world that's been shaped by massive influences
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01:41
like conversion of land to agriculture,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์ฃ .
01:43
extinctions, domestications, movement of species across continent.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ์–ด๋„,
01:49
And we've rerouted rivers.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ .
01:51
And of course, there's climate change, which means that every animal,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:55
no matter how distant from a human settlement,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํฐ ๋นš์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:57
has some influence of the human world.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
02:01
So if every animal lives in a human world,
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๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:03
does that mean that we somehow owe them more than we used to?
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ฉด ํ•ด๋น™ ์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
I think it does.
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์ฃผ์š” ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜
02:09
So take polar bears, for instance.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:12
Some populations of polar bears are struggling to live on the sea ice
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
in the summer.
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02:17
There's just not enough sea ice for them to go hunting for seals,
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์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
which is what they'd normally eat.
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02:22
So I think we should consider feeding them for at least part of the year.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด,
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ๊ณผ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•œ ์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ๋“ค์ด
02:26
Now, there'd be a lot of logistical challenges with this
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:29
we'd have to work out.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And certainly we would want to make sure
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02:32
that the Inuit who have lived with these bears
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ณฐ์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์ธ๋ฐ,
02:35
and hunted them for millennia
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๊ณฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ตฌํ• ์ง€,
02:36
would be on board with any plan.
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02:38
There might be other ethical obligations
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์–‘์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
02:40
that supersede our obligation to care for the bears,
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๊ณฐ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:44
like, we'd have to think pretty hard about where we get the meat
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:47
that we feed them,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
02:48
or if it'd be possible to feed them some kind of plant-based polar bear chow
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋ก , ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:52
that would meet all their requirements.
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02:54
So these are not easy questions,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ์ง€, ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ง„์งœ ์ž˜ ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€
02:56
but I think we should be thinking about them.
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์ž๋ฌธํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
On the other hand, if we really want to see animals happy,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž˜ ๋จน๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด,
03:02
we need to start asking what that full happiness looks like,
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์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:05
what does it mean for an animal to really flourish?
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์  ์„ ํƒ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
So this would go beyond just being well-fed and healthy
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ฃผ์—์„œ,
03:12
and it might include something like freedom
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๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋Š‘๋Œ€ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
03:14
or at least the ability to make your own choices day-to-day.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ๋ คํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:18
A few years back in Washington State,
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03:20
there was this dog that ran away from his home
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๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
03:23
and joined up with two wolves
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์žก์ข…์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
and they formed a little pack.
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03:26
And wildlife managers were very nervous about this
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์žก์ข…์€ ๊ฐ€์ถ•๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
because they didn't want the dog impregnating either of the wolves
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—๋„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
์žก์ข… ๋‹จ์†์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•…๋ชฝ์ด์ฃ .
03:31
because any puppies would be hybrids.
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03:34
They would be neither domestic nor wild.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Š‘๋Œ€ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ 
03:37
They wouldn't fit into either category.
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03:39
Regulating them or figuring out what to do with them would be a nightmare.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚™ํƒœ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋Š‘๋Œ€์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ๋Š‘๋Œ€์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์•ผ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด
03:43
So they tracked the pack down
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03:44
and when they found that one of the wolves was indeed pregnant by the dog,
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์ž์œจ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
they ended her pregnancy.
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03:50
So in that case, the sort of purity of the wolf,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ
03:52
or the genetic wildness of the wolf,
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03:55
was deemed to be more important than its actual autonomy.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
I'd like to say that there's some sort of algorithm
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๋‹ด์ปจ๋Œ€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
04:02
that I could give you
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ฌ์šด ๋‹ต์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
that would always help you decide what to do in any given case
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04:07
with wild animals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ
04:09
But I bet you saw this coming
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:12
when I tell you that there aren't really any easy answers to this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด,
04:16
The tricky thing is that sometimes we're having to compare things
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณต์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ
04:20
that are not in the same currency, so to speak, right?
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์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
So what I really struggle with
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
are situations where biodiversity trades off against animal welfare
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”,
04:28
or the well-being of individual animals.
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ํ‚ค์œ„์ƒˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ์ง•์  ๋™๋ฌผ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜จ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ์กฑ์ œ๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€
04:32
So there's actually a lot more of these conundrums than you might think.
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ํฌ์‹์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Like in New Zealand, for example,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ž… ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:37
tons of iconic animals like the Kiwi are threatened by introduced predators,
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04:41
including stoats, which are, like, this cute furry little weasel.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— โ€œ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธโ€ ๋‹ต์€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So do you kill the introduced predators to save the endangered species?
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ข…๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•
04:49
In questions like these,
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
04:51
I don't think there really are "right" answers.
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:53
I think we just have to do the best when we're comparing apples and oranges,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒธํ—ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
a species versus the welfare of many individuals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
All we can do is our best,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋ก  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:03
working together and trying to act with humility.
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
We've really changed the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•œ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ,
05:09
and all of the animals that live in it now are basically living in our world.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์งˆ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
I think this gives us new responsibilities.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋น„์—˜๋กœ: ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
In this world we've created,
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05:18
it's time for us to take those responsibilities
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ์งง์•˜๊ธฐ์—,
05:20
to other species seriously.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ด์š”.
05:22
Thanks so much.
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05:23
David Biello: That was excellent.
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์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋…ผํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:25
Thank you.
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05:26
And I know it was a short talk,
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05:28
so I want you to expand upon it a little bit.
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์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ €์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋“ค์€
05:32
You talked about our ethical obligations to these wild animals.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
์— ๋งˆ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
05:38
What do you think those specifically are,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
05:41
after the journey of writing this book?
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Emma Marris: Well, I do think that because we have created this world,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:48
that because there's so much human influence,
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
05:50
that we do bear some kind of collective responsibility,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
especially in situations where we can clearly see that animals are suffering
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ์†์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:57
or not doing well because of our influence.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:59
So there's a sort of a very intuitive ethical relationship there.
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๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์„ญ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ๊นŒ์ง€
06:03
If you actually knock someone over in a crowd,
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06:06
you feel like you have the responsibility to pick them back up.
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:09
So I think there's a kind of a parallel there.
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
But I also think that if we have obligations to wild animals
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06:15
that go beyond just letting nature take its course,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:18
then I think we have to learn more about them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ โ€˜๋ฒˆ์˜โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:22
to figure out how to best serve them.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ โ€˜์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜โ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:24
And I think that includes figuring out what really makes them flourish.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
And I do think that that kind of flourishing --
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06:30
And this is the word that you see in discussions about Aristotle, right,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค,
ํŠนํžˆ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด
06:34
like, the flourishing of a human --
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06:36
But to think about a flourishing of an animal is a little more complicated.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”,
06:39
But I do think that for many animals,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋„ ๋ฒˆ์˜์— ๋„์›€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
especially animals that are close to us on the taxonomic tree of life,
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ
06:44
like chimpanzees and other large mammals,
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ค„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
that being able to make your own choices is part of that flourishing.
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์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
DB: ์ด์ œ ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋‹ค๋ค„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
So that means we want to balance our intervention
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๋จผ์ € ํ‚ด์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
with our respect for their autonomy.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— โ€˜๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šคโ€™์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋‹˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์„ค
06:57
And I think that's really tricky sometimes.
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07:00
DB: So let's turn to some audience questions.
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โ€˜๋™๋ฌผ์›๊ณผ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?โ€™๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Starting with Kim,
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07:04
who I feel may have read your recent op-ed in "The New York Times."
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๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
๋˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:08
"How do you feel about zoos or sanctuaries for wild animals?"
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์š”.
07:13
Is there a better way to protect them?
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07:15
And is there a better way to spend time with animals,
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07:17
which is what zoos offer, and have them accessible to humans,
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EM: ๋„ค, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์„ค์„ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:20
but also be sure that the animals' kind of flourishing comes first?
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์ œ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:25
EM: Right. Thanks, Kim.
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07:26
I did write a piece about this recently,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
07:28
and the piece is sort of drawn from the book.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
07:31
So if you enjoyed that piece, there's more goodness in the book.
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๋™๋ฌผ์› ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
But I do think --
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07:36
After researching zoos and the sort of happiness level of animals in zoos,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€๋žŒํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด,
๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ ํ–‰๋ณต ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
I came to realize that there's a sort of a problem with the business model of zoos,
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์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์ฃ .
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
07:45
which is that the very animals
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07:47
that are most likely to get people in the door,
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
07:49
are the ones that do the worst in captivity.
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07:51
So there's a real problem there,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์„œ์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชธ์„ ํ”๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์ด์š”.
07:53
which is that if zoos got rid of all of the animals
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07:55
that tend to show kind of behaviors that show they're unhappy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:59
like pacing or rocking or repetitive behaviors
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์ฃ .
08:03
or other kinds of behavioral problems,
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
08:05
they'd be left with animals that aren't as much of a draw.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ณด์กด ๋ฒˆ์‹ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด
08:08
So I think that puts them in an awkward position.
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08:11
I do think that zoos should stop breeding animals
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๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
that aren't a part of a sort of a legitimate conservation breeding program
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์‚ฌ์œก ์ค‘์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์†์„ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ’€์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:20
that has a real chance of going back out into the wild someday.
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด ์‚ฌ์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด์™€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:24
So I think it's a lot easier to ethically justify breeding animals in captivity
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑด,
08:28
if they or their grandchildren are someday going to taste freedom again.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์•„๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
08:32
But if you're just breeding tigers and elephants over and over again
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08:35
just for display in captivity,
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์ „ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ข€ ์•„ํ”•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:38
I don't think that's great.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
08:40
Every time I see the birth announcement of some new adorable gorilla baby,
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์•„๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
์ •๊ธ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ผ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ผ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:44
my heart breaks a little bit
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08:45
because I know this gorilla baby is never getting out.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
That's not like, you know,
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08:49
this gorilla is going to spend its formative years at the such-and-such zoo
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์•ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
08:53
and then it's going to return to the jungle.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
That's not happening.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„  ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
08:56
Sanctuaries are a different proposition.
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08:58
So sanctuaries don't breed their animals.
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์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
09:00
They just take care of animals that can't return to the wild
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์–ด๋””์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:03
for one reason or another.
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09:04
So I think that they're at a much better place ethically.
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09:07
Oh, but let me address the question of how you then see animals, right,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:10
if we remove these breeding populations of fun animals from zoos,
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์ž์—ฐ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
how do you have that experience?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ์ฃ .
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Well, first of all, there is an amazing ability
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๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„  ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋ ˆ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:20
for us to virtually interact with animals through nature documentaries,
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๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
which are better than ever.
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09:25
I actually wrote about them recently, too,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์†์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:27
but their filming can get you closer to a wild animal
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
than you would ever be wise to do in the real world.
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๋„์‹ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋„ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
09:34
But I also think that we need to sort of reshift our thinking a little bit
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒˆ์™€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ๊ณค์ถฉ, ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ
09:38
around the animals that exist in our own ecosystems,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
even in our city ecosystems, right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
09:43
You can see a surprising diversity of bird life, insect life in some case,
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๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
09:47
and mammal life inside even very busy cities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์žŠ๊ณ  ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And realizing that those animals are really awesome, too,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
and just because they aren't elephants,
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DB: ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋“ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
we've forgotten to take pleasure in encountering them.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
10:00
I think a perspective shift there can be really helpful.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์œก์ง€ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:03
DB: Now, Catherine and Gordon want us to take this to the sea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์ฃ ?
10:07
How does this all apply to sea creatures,
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EM: ๋„ค, ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
which are obviously in a far different position than the land animals?
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๋จผ์ €, ๋™๋ฌผ์›๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ €์˜ ๋…ผํ‰์€
์ˆ˜์กฑ๊ด€์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ
10:14
But there are more of them, right?
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10:16
EM: Yes, great question.
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10:17
First of all, I think that many of my critiques of zoos
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
apply to aquaria as well.
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10:22
And, you know, certainly there has been a real public discussion
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
์ฑ…์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:27
about the captivity of whales and other marine mammals.
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์–ด๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์‚ถ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ ๋ฐœ์ฝค์˜ ์ฑ…์„
10:31
So I think the tide is turning on that.
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์ถ”์ฒœ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
์–ด๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
I did read, while I was researching this book,
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10:36
I read a book that I recommend by Jonathan Balcombe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:40
about the secret lives of fish,
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10:42
which really did blow my mind
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โ€˜๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์œก์ง€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋“ ์ง€
10:43
in terms of the cognitive abilities of fish.
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โ€˜์–ด๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹คโ€™๋“ ์ง€.
10:48
And I think that many of us have grown up with this idea
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ”ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
10:51
that fish are somehow dumber than land animals
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
or that they don't, you know, that they don't feel pain,
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10:58
is a common thing that people have said about fish.
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์ฑ…์—์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋“ฏ, ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:00
This is not true.
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11:01
So I think that much of this applies to, you know,
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์†”์งํžˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
to the marine world as well.
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11:07
And in the book, I talk about, you know, what can we do for wild animals?
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ทธ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‚œ์ œ์—
11:10
And honestly,
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11:11
one of the biggest things we can do is try to address climate change
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๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
11:15
and habitat destruction.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:16
That's really the biggie,
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ์•ˆ์ •์  ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง€๋ฉด,
11:17
because then we'd have fewer of these confusing conundrums
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๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
where we have to decide whether or not to intervene
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋„๋•์  ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
11:23
in these complicated ways.
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11:24
If they have more space and they have a more stable climate,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์†”์งํžˆ, ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:28
they can do a lot of flourishing on their own
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๊ทธ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
11:30
and we don't have to get into as many moral dilemmas.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
So honestly, if you find these ethical pickles uncomfortable,
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11:36
the best way to avoid the ethical pickle
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DB: ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋‹˜์€ ์•ž์„œ ์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ์กฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ
๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:39
is to create a lot of stable habitat for non-humans.
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์•ผ์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
11:43
DB: So you mentioned the Inuit earlier
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11:47
and their special relationship with the polar bear.
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๋ฆฐ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ
11:51
Is there a way that we could better, kind of, steward wild areas,
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์•ผ์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:56
Lynn wants to know,
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11:57
and perhaps the folks who have been living alongside those wild animals the longest
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์ง€์›๊ธˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„์š”.
EM: ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™์˜ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
12:03
could be paid or hired in some way
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์†”์งํžˆ, ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด
12:06
to be caretakers of that wild environment?
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™”๋‘๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
12:09
EM: Yeah, I think that is kind of how the conservation movement is trending,
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์ด ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
honestly, I think indigenous protected areas
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12:16
are the sort of hot new topic in conservation.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:19
They're getting set up in different parts around the world.
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12:22
Canada has just announced quite a few of them over the last five years.
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๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€
์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
There was a paper that came out recently that got a lot of attention,
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฆ‰,
12:29
showing that in Australia, Brazil and Canada,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
12:33
indigenous protected areas have higher levels of biodiversity than parks,
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๋‹ค์ข… ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
12:37
suggesting that, yes,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด
12:40
those management approaches that are millennia-old
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
12:43
are really effective in keeping a kind of a multi-species-community going.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฑ…์— ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์— ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:47
So I think there's a lot of interest in that,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” โ€˜๋งˆ๋ˆ„โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ณต์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
a lot of hope that could be a way forward.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:53
In the book, I talk about going to the Peruvian Amazon,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณต์› ๋‚ด์—๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒก๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:56
where there's a big park called Manu,
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๊ธฐ์„ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ก ์ž ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€
12:58
which is one of the highest biodiversity parks probably on Earth,
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๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒก๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ
13:03
and they have people living inside of it,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
the Machiguenga,
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13:06
and some more sort of old-fashioned conservationists feel
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋‚˜
๊ทธ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๊ฒช์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
13:10
that the presence of the Machiguenga in the park is a problem
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์ด์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
because they hunt there.
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13:14
But it seems pretty clear from the research I read
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13:17
and from my time that I spent in the park
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:19
that they're actually acting as de facto biodiversity managers and guards.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Š” ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ
13:26
And yes, they're hunting, but they're hunting in a sustainable way.
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13:29
So, yeah, I think that this is honestly the best way forward, right,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
์‹ค์šฉ์  ๋Œ€์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:33
because it marries the sort of justice cause of indigenous sovereignty
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฆฐ ์”จ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
with the pragmatic cause of getting the people
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DB: ๋†€๋ž๋„ค์š”.
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
who are best qualified to manage landscapes on the job.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
So, yes, I agree with Lynn completely.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
DB: Amazing.
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EM: ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
Well, thank you again for this wonderful talk and conversation.
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DB: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[๋†“์น˜๊ธฐ ์•„๊นŒ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—]
13:50
And it truly is a great book.
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13:52
Best of luck with with everything.
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[ted.com/membership์—์„œ TED ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”]
13:54
EM: Great. Thanks so much.
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DB: Goodbye and thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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