The artificial muscles that will power robots of the future | Christoph Keplinger

165,422 views

2019-05-07 ・ TED


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The artificial muscles that will power robots of the future | Christoph Keplinger

165,422 views ・ 2019-05-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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λ²ˆμ—­: Min Chung κ²€ν† : Sojeong KIM
00:13
In 2015, 25 teams from around the world
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2015λ…„, μ „ 세계 25개 νŒ€μ΄
μž¬λ‚œλŒ€μ‘ λ‘œλ΄‡ κ²½μ—°λŒ€νšŒμ— μ°Έκ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
competed to build robots for disaster response
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00:19
that could perform a number of tasks,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μœΌλ‘œ
00:21
such as using a power tool,
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전동 곡ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:23
working on uneven terrain
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κ³ λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ•…μ—μ„œ μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 이동할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κ²¨λ€˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
and driving a car.
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00:27
That all sounds impressive, and it is,
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ 듀리죠? μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
but look at the body of the winning robot, HUBO.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μš°μŠΉμ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•œ λ‘œλ΄‡ HUBOλ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:34
Here, HUBO is trying to get out of a car,
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μ°¨μ—μ„œ 내리렀고 ν•˜λŠ” HUBOμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
and keep in mind,
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참고둜 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
00:38
the video is sped up three times.
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이 μ˜μƒμ€ 3λ°°μ†μœΌλ‘œ μž¬μƒλœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:44
HUBO, from team KAIST out of Korea, is a state-of-the-art robot
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ν•œκ΅­ KAISTκ°€ λ§Œλ“  HUBOλŠ” μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨ λ‘œλ΄‡μœΌλ‘œ
00:47
with impressive capabilities,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°–μΆ”κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
but this body doesn't look all that different
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ™Έν˜•μ€ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„° 봐온 λ‘œλ΄‡λ“€κ³Ό 그리 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
from robots we've seen a few decades ago.
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00:54
If you look at the other robots in the competition,
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κ²½μ§„λŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œ 선보인 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‘œλ΄‡λ“€λ„
00:58
their movements also still look, well, very robotic.
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λΆ€μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Their bodies are complex mechanical structures
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λ‘œλ΄‡ λ³Έμ²΄λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 기계 ꡬ쑰둜
01:03
using rigid materials
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λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•œ 재료둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λŠ”λ°
01:05
such as metal and traditional rigid electric motors.
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철제, κ°•μ„± μ „μžλͺ¨ν„° 등을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
They certainly weren't designed
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μ €λΉ„μš©λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
01:10
to be low-cost, safe near people
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μ‚¬λžŒ κ·Όμ²˜μ—μ„œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°
01:13
and adaptable to unpredictable challenges.
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예기치 λͺ»ν•œ 상황에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘λŠ₯λ ₯도 떨어지죠.
01:16
We've made good progress with the brains of robots,
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λ‘œλ΄‡ 지λŠ₯에 μžˆμ–΄ λ§Žμ€ μ„±κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:19
but their bodies are still primitive.
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μ›€μ§μž„μ€ μ˜ˆμ „κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Ό λ°” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
This is my daughter Nadia.
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제 λ”Έ λ‚˜λ””μ•„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
She's only five years old
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아직 λ‹€μ„― μ‚΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:26
and she can get out of the car way faster than HUBO.
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HUBO보닀 훨씬 빨리 μ°¨μ—μ„œ 내릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:30
She can also swing around on monkey bars with ease,
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μ΅œμ‹ μ˜ κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ μΈκ°„ν˜• λ‘œλ΄‡λ³΄λ‹€ 정글짐을 훨씬 잘 νƒˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
much better than any current human-like robot could do.
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01:36
In contrast to HUBO,
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HUBOμ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
01:37
the human body makes extensive use of soft and deformable materials
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인간은 λ³€ν˜•μ΄ 쉽고 μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ 신체 λΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό 자유자재둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
such as muscle and skin.
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근윑과 ν”ΌλΆ€ 같은 것듀이죠.
01:43
We need a new generation of robot bodies
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ λͺΈμ²΄λ„ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
that is inspired by the elegance, efficiency and by the soft materials
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μžμ—°μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•„ μ •λ°€ν•˜κ³  효율적이며
λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ μ†Œμž¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λ‘œλ΄‡ 말이죠.
01:49
of the designs found in nature.
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01:52
And indeed, this has become the key idea of a new field of research
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사싀, 이 κ°œλ…μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 연ꡬ 뢄야인
μ†Œν”„νŠΈ λ‘œλ΄‡κ³΅ν•™μ˜ 핡심 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
called soft robotics.
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01:58
My research group and collaborators around the world
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우리 연ꡬ진과 μ „ 세계 곡동 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€
02:01
are using soft components inspired by muscle and skin
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λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ 자재λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ 근윑과 피뢀와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ
02:05
to build robots with agility and dexterity
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민첩성과 μœ μ—°μ„±μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ λ‘œλ΄‡μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
that comes closer and closer
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯은 점점 더
02:09
to the astonishing capabilities of the organisms found in nature.
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인체가 κ°–λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ λŠ₯λ ₯에 κ·Όμ ‘ν•΄ κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
I've always been particularly inspired by biological muscle.
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μ €λŠ” 생물학적 κ·Όμœ‘μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Now, that's not surprising.
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이미 λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨κ² μ§€λ§Œ
02:20
I'm also Austrian, and I know that I sound a bit like Arnie, the Terminator.
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μ €λŠ” μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„μΈμ΄κ³  μ˜ν™” 터미넀이터 주인곡 같은 말투죠.
02:23
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:27
Biological muscle is a true masterpiece of evolution.
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생물학적 κ·Όμœ‘μ€ μ§„ν™”μ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ κ±Έμž‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
It can heal after damage
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 손상 후에도 치유되고
02:31
and it's tightly integrated with sensory neurons
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감각 신경세포와 λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬
02:34
for feedback on motion and the environment.
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λ™μž‘κ³Ό μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½μ— λ°˜μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
It can contract fast enough to power the high-speed wings
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λ²Œμƒˆμ˜ μ΄ˆκ³ μ† λ‚ κ°―μ§“λ§ŒνΌ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μˆ˜μΆ•ν•˜κ³ 
02:40
of a hummingbird;
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02:41
it can grow strong enough to move an elephant;
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코끼리λ₯Ό 움직일 μ •λ„λ‘œ νŠΌνŠΌν•˜κ²Œ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
and it's adaptable enough to be used in the extremely versatile arms
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적응λ ₯도 맀우 λ›°μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ¬Έμ–΄κ°€ 자유자재둜 닀리λ₯Ό 쓰듯이 말이죠.
02:47
of an octopus,
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02:48
an animal that can squeeze its entire body through tiny holes.
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λ¬Έμ–΄λΌλŠ” 동물은 μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍 μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ 온λͺΈμ„ λ°€μ–΄ 넣을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Actuators are for robots what muscles are for animals:
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ μž‘λ™κΈ°λŠ” λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 근윑과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ μ£Όμš” ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œλ‘œμ„œ
02:57
key components of the body
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02:59
that enable movement and interaction with the world.
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λͺΈμ„ 움직여 외뢀와 μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£Όμ£ .
03:02
So if we could build soft actuators,
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λ§Œμ•½ μœ μ—°ν•œ μž‘λ™κΈ° λ˜λŠ” μΈκ³΅κ·Όμœ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
03:05
or artificial muscles,
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03:06
that are as versatile, adaptable
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ— λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ μ‘ν•˜λ©°
03:08
and could have the same performance as the real thing,
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μ‹€μ œ λ™λ¬Όμ²˜λŸΌ 움직일 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
03:10
we could build almost any type of robot
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ©μ μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
for almost any type of use.
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03:15
Not surprisingly, people have tried for many decades
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λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°μ§€λ§Œ
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ μˆ˜μ‹­ 년을
03:18
to replicate the astonishing capabilities of muscle,
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근윑 λ³Έμ—°μ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λͺ¨μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
but it's been really hard.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ꡉμž₯히 μ–΄λ €μ› μ£ .
03:24
About 10 years ago,
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μ•½ 10λ…„ 전에
03:26
when I did my PhD back in Austria,
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μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„μ—μ„œ 박사과정을 밟던 쀑
03:28
my colleagues and I rediscovered
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λ™λ£Œ 연ꡬ진과 μ €λŠ”
03:30
what is likely one of the very first publications on artificial muscle,
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인곡 κ·Όμœ‘μ— κ΄€ν•œ 세계 졜초의 논문을 μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
1880년에 μΆœκ°„λœ λ…Όλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:35
published in 1880.
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03:37
"On the shape and volume changes of dielectric bodies
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"전기에 μ˜ν•œ μœ μ „μ²΄μ˜ ν˜•μƒκ³Ό λΆ€ν”Ό 변화에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ"λΌλŠ” 제λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ
03:40
caused by electricity,"
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03:41
published by German physicist Wilhelm RΓΆntgen.
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독일 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μž λΉŒν—¬λ¦„ 뒴트겐이 λ°œν‘œν•œ λ…Όλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Most of you know him as the discoverer of the X-ray.
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Xμ„  발견으둜 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ κ³Όν•™μžμ£ .
03:49
Following his instructions, we used a pair of needles.
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κ·Έκ°€ μ œμ•ˆν•œ λ°©λ²•λŒ€λ‘œ λ°”λŠ˜ ν•œ μŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
We connected it to a high-voltage source,
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λ°”λŠ˜μ„ κ³ μ•• 전원에 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³ 
03:53
and we placed it near a transparent piece of rubber
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± ν”„λ ˆμž„μ— 미리 κ±Έμ–΄λ‘” 투λͺ… 고무 μ˜†μ— 그것을 λ°°μΉ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
that was prestretched onto a plastic frame.
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03:59
When we switched on the voltage,
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전원을 켜자
04:01
the rubber deformed,
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고무가 λ³€ν˜•λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
04:02
and just like our biceps flexes our arm,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ‘λ°•κ·ΌμœΌλ‘œ νŒ”μ„ 움직이듯이
04:05
the rubber flexed the plastic frame.
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고무가 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 틀을 μ›€μ§μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
마치 λ§ˆλ²• κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
It looks like magic.
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04:09
The needles don't even touch the rubber.
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λ°”λŠ˜μ΄ 고무에 닿지도 μ•Šμ•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
04:11
Now, having two such needles is not a practical way
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ°”λŠ˜μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이
인곡 κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” μ‹€μš©μ μΈ 방법은 아닐지라도
04:14
of operating artificial muscles,
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04:16
but this amazing experiment got me hooked on the topic.
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이 μ‹€ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ μ €λŠ” μΈκ³΅κ·Όμœ‘μ— 큰 관심을 λ‘κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
I wanted to create new ways to build artificial muscles
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μ‹€μƒν™œμ— μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μΈκ³΅κ·Όμœ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
04:22
that would work well for real-world applications.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
For the next years, I worked on a number of different technologies
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κ·Έ ν›„ λͺ‡ λ…„κ°„ μ—¬λŸ¬ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
that all showed promise,
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ„±κ³΅μ˜ 쑰짐을 λ³΄μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
04:30
but they all had remaining challenges that are hard to overcome.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ³Όμ œλ“€μ΄ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:34
In 2015,
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2015년에 μ½œλ‘œλΌλ„ 볼더 λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ싀을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
when I started my own lab at CU Boulder,
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04:38
I wanted to try an entirely new idea.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 아이디어λ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μ‘Œμ£ .
04:41
I wanted to combine the high speed and efficiency
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μ „κΈ° ꡬ동식 μž‘λ™κΈ°μ˜ λΉ λ₯Έ 속도와 νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„
04:44
of electrically driven actuators
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μœ μ—°ν•œ μœ μ•• μž‘λ™κΈ°μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό κ²°ν•©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ£ .
04:46
with the versatility of soft, fluidic actuators.
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04:49
Therefore, I thought,
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이런 생각을 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:50
maybe I can try using really old science in a new way.
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이미 μ•Œκ³  있던 과학을 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•΄λ³΄μž.
04:54
The diagram you see here
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보고 계신 그림은
04:55
shows an effect called Maxwell stress.
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λ§₯μŠ€μ›°μ˜ 응λ ₯ 효과λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
04:58
When you take two metal plates
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κΈˆμ†νŒ 두 개λ₯Ό
05:00
and place them in a container filled with oil,
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기름을 가득 μ±„μš΄ μš©κΈ°μ— λ„£κ³ 
05:02
and then switch on a voltage,
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전압을 켜면
05:03
the Maxwell stress forces the oil up in between the two plates,
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λ§₯μŠ€μ›° 응λ ₯이 기름을 두 κΈˆμ†νŒ μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ λ°€μ–΄ λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
and that's what you see here.
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이 κ·Έλ¦Όμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
05:09
So the key idea was,
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핡심 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”
05:10
can we use this effect to push around oil
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이 효과λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ ꡬ쑰물에도 μœ μ••μ„ 넣을 수 μžˆλŠλƒλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
contained in soft stretchy structures?
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05:16
And indeed, this worked surprisingly well,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:18
quite honestly, much better than I expected.
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μ˜ˆμƒμ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μ€ 쒋은 κ²°κ³Όμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
Together with my outstanding team of students,
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λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 연ꡬ생듀과 ν•¨κ»˜
05:23
we used this idea as a starting point
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μ €λŠ” 이 아이디어λ₯Ό 좜발점으둜 μ‚Όμ•„
05:25
to develop a new technology called HASEL artificial muscles.
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HASEL 인곡 κ·Όμœ‘μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‹ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
HASELs are gentle enough to pick up a raspberry
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HASEL은 맀우 μ„¬μ„Έν•˜μ—¬ μ‚°λ”ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ²˜ 없이 주울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
without damaging it.
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05:36
They can expand and contract like real muscle.
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μ‹€μ œ 근윑처럼 νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μΆ•ν•  수 있고
05:41
And they can be operated faster than the real thing.
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μ‹€μ œ κ·Όμœ‘λ³΄λ‹€ 더 빨리 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
They can also be scaled up to deliver large forces.
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큰 νž˜μ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 크기λ₯Ό 늘릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”.
05:47
Here you see them lifting a gallon filled with water.
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4.5λ¦¬ν„°μ˜ 물톡을 λ“œλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
They can be used to drive a robotic arm,
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λ‘œλ΄‡ νŒ”μ„ 움직이기도 ν•˜κ³ 
05:52
and they can even self-sense their position.
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심지어 자기 μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 슀슀둜 감지할 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
05:57
HASELs can be used for very precise movement,
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HASEL은 정밀함을 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λ™μž‘μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
but they can also deliver very fluidic, muscle-like movement
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μ‹€μ œ κ·Όμœ‘κ°™μ΄ μœ λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 움직이고
06:04
and bursts of power to shoot up a ball into the air.
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κ³΅μ€‘μœΌλ‘œ 곡을 μ˜μ•„ 올릴 μ •λ„μ˜ νž˜λ„ 가지고 있죠.
06:09
When submerged in oil,
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기름에 잠기면
06:12
HASEL artificial muscles can be made invisible.
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HASEL은 보이지 μ•Šλ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
So how do HASEL artificial muscles work?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ HASEL은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
06:22
You might be surprised.
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놀라싀지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λŠ”λ°μš”.
06:24
They're based on very inexpensive, easily available materials.
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μ‰½κ²Œ ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ €λ ΄ν•œ μž¬λ£Œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
You can even try, and I recommend it,
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μ§‘μ—μ„œλ„ 각자 ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκΈΈ μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
the main principle at home.
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06:31
Take a few Ziploc bags and fill them with olive oil.
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지퍼백 λͺ‡ 개λ₯Ό κΊΌλ‚΄ κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— 올리브유λ₯Ό 가득 μ±„μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Try to push out air bubbles as much as you can.
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λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ κ³΅κΈ°λŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ μ—†μ• κ³ μš”.
06:37
Now take a glass plate and place it on one side of the bag.
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이제 유리판 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 지퍼백 ν•œμͺ½ μœ„μ— μ˜¬λ €λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
When you press down, you see the bag contract.
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λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄ 지퍼백이 μˆ˜μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
Now the amount of contraction is easy to control.
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νž˜μ€ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜κΈ° μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
When you take a small weight, you get a small contraction.
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μ•„μ£Ό 쑰금 νž˜μ„ 쀘 λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄ 쑰금 μˆ˜μΆ•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
With a medium weight, we get a medium contraction.
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쀑간 정도 νž˜μ„ μ£Όλ©΄ νž˜μ„ μ€€ 만큼 μˆ˜μΆ•ν•˜κ³ μš”.
06:54
And with a large weight, you get a large contraction.
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무거운 무게둜 λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄ 많이 μˆ˜μΆ•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
Now for HASELs, the only change is to replace the force of your hand
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HASEL은 μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ†μ΄λ‚˜ 무게λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ λˆ„λ₯΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
07:00
or the weight with an electrical force.
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μ „κΈ°λ ₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
HASEL stands for "hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators."
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HASEL은 "μœ μ•• 증폭식 μžκ°€ 회볡 정전식 μž‘λ™κΈ°"의 μ•½μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
Here you see a geometry called Peano-HASEL actuators,
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이 그림은 'νŽ˜μ•„λ…Έ HASEL μž‘λ™κΈ°'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
one of many possible designs.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆμƒ 섀계도 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
Again, you take a flexible polymer such as our Ziploc bag,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ 지퍼백과 같은 μœ μ—°ν•œ 쀑합체λ₯Ό
07:18
you fill it with an insulating liquid, such as olive oil,
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올리브유 같은 μ ˆμ—°μ•‘μ²΄λ‘œ μ±„μš°κ³ 
07:21
and now, instead of the glass plate,
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μ•„κΉŒ λ†“μ•˜λ˜ 유리판 λŒ€μ‹ 
07:23
you place an electrical conductor on one side of the pouch.
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μ „κΈ° 도체λ₯Ό μ§€νΌλ°±μ˜ ν•œμͺ½ μœ„μ— μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
To create something that looks more like a muscle fiber,
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μ‹€μ œ 근윑처럼 보이게 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
07:29
you can connect a few pouches together
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지퍼백 μ—¬λŸ¬ 개λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
07:31
and attached a weight on one side.
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무거운 것을 ν•œμͺ½ μœ„μ— 올리면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
Next, we apply voltage.
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이제 전압을 μΌ­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
Now, the electric field starts acting on the liquid.
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μ „κΈ°κ°€ 앑체에 μž‘μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
It displaces the liquid,
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그러면 앑체λ₯Ό μ΄λ™μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
07:41
and it forces the muscle to contract.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μˆ˜μΆ•μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
Here you see a completed Peano-HASEL actuator
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νŽ˜μ•„λ…Έ HASEL μž‘λ™κΈ°μ— μ „λ ₯을 κ°€ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
07:47
and how it expands and contracts when voltage is applied.
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νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
Viewed from the side,
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μ˜†μ—μ„œ 보면
07:52
you can really see those pouches take a more cylindrical shape,
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μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ 거의 μ›ν†΅ν˜•μ„ λ„λŠ” κ±Έ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
such as we saw with the Ziploc bags.
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μ§€νΌλ°±μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
07:58
We can also place a few such muscle fibers next to each other
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μ €λŸ° 근윑 λͺ¨λΈ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개λ₯Ό λ†“μœΌλ©΄
08:01
to create something that looks even more like a muscle
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μ‹€μ œ 근윑과 λ”μš± μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‹¨λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ μˆ˜μΆ•κ³Ό νŒ½μ°½μ„ 확인할 수 있죠.
08:04
that also contracts and expands in cross section.
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08:06
These HASELs here are lifting a weight that's about 200 times heavier
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이 HASEL μž‘λ™κΈ°λ“€μ€
자기 λ¬΄κ²Œλ³΄λ‹€ 200λ°°λ‚˜ 더 무거운 μΆ”λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
than their own weight.
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08:12
Here you see one of our newest designs, called quadrant donut HASELs
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ””μžμΈ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ 사뢄면 도넛 HASELμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
and how they expand and contract.
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μˆ˜μΆ•κ³Ό νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 보고 κ³„μ‹ λ°μš”.
08:17
They can be operated incredibly fast, reaching superhuman speeds.
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초인적인 μ†λ„λ‘œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μž‘λ™λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
They are even powerful enough to jump off the ground.
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μ•„λž˜μœ„λ‘œ 튈 μ •λ„λ‘œ 힘이 μ„Έμ§€μš”.
08:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:28
Overall, HASELs show promise to become the first technology
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HASEL은 생물학적 κ·Όμœ‘μ— λΉ„κ²¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ·Έ μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ
08:32
that matches or exceeds the performance of biological muscle
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λ°œμ „ν•  수 있고 λ™μ‹œμ— λŒ€λŸ‰ μ œμ‘°κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
08:36
while being compatible with large-scale manufacturing.
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졜초의 기술이 될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
This is also a very young technology. We are just getting started.
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이제 막 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•œ μ‹ μƒλ‹¨κ³„μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
We have many ideas how to drastically improve performance,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ„±λŠ₯을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 아이디어가 λ¬΄κΆλ¬΄μ§„ν•˜μ£ .
08:45
using new materials and new designs to reach a level of performance
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 도ꡬ듀과 λ””μžμΈμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
생물학적 근윑과 전톡적 전동 λͺ¨ν„°λ₯Ό λŠ₯κ°€ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
beyond biological muscle and also beyond traditional rigid electric motors.
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08:54
Moving towards more complex designs of HASEL for bio-inspired robotics,
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μžμ—°μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•„ μ„€κ³„λœ λ”μš± λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ‘œλ΄‡λ“€μ„ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:57
here you see our artificial scorpion
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이것은 인곡 μ „κ°ˆμΈλ°μš”
08:59
that can use its tail to hunt prey,
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꼬리둜 λ¨Ήμž‡κ°μ„ 사λƒ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
in this case, a rubber balloon.
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여기에선 λ¨Ήμž‡κ°μ΄ κ³ λ¬΄ν’μ„ μ΄κ΅°μš”.
09:02
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:04
Going back to our initial inspiration,
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처음으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:06
the versatility of octopus arms and elephant trunks,
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λ¬Έμ–΄ 닀리와 코끼리 μ½”μ˜ λ‹€μš©λ„μ„±μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:09
we are now able to build soft continuum actuators
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 체내 근윑과 λ”μš± μœ μ‚¬ν•œ
09:12
that come closer and closer to the capabilities of the real thing.
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μ—°μ†μ²΄ν˜• μž‘λ™κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 있게 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
I am most excited about the practical applications
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HASEL 인곡 κ·Όμœ‘μ— κ°€μž₯ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄은
09:20
of HASEL artificial muscles.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ‹€μƒν™œ μ‘μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
They'll enable soft robotic devices
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이 인곡 근윑 κΈ°μˆ μ€
09:25
that can improve the quality of life.
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μƒν™œμ˜ μ§ˆμ„ 높일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
Soft robotics will enable a new generation of more lifelike prosthetics
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μ†Œν”„νŠΈ λ‘œλ΄‡κ³΅ν•™μ€
신체 일뢀λ₯Ό μžƒμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 신체와 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 인곡μž₯치λ₯Ό
09:31
for people who have lost parts of their bodies.
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
Here you see some HASELs in my lab,
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제 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ— μžˆλŠ” HASELμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
early testing, driving a prosthetic finger.
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μ‘°κΈ° ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ 쀑인 보철 μ†κ°€λ½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
One day, we may even merge our bodies with robotic parts.
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λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ 신체에 κ²°ν•©ν•˜κ²Œ 될지도 λͺ°λΌμš”.
09:45
I know that sounds very scary at first.
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μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œμ„  정말 λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ 듀리죠.
09:48
But when I think about my grandparents
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 μ‘°λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ„ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
09:50
and the way they become more dependent on others
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슀슀둜 ν™”μž₯싀을 κ°€λŠ” 일상적인 행동쑰차
09:53
to perform simple everyday tasks such as using the restroom alone,
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λ‚¨μ˜ 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 상황 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:57
they often feel like they're becoming a burden.
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그듀은 μ’…μ’… μžμ‹ μ„ 짐이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
With soft robotics, we will be able to enhance and restore
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μ†Œν”„νŠΈ λ‘œλ΄‡κ³΅ν•™μ„ 톡해
민첩성과 μœ μ—°μ„±μ„ 되찾고 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
agility and dexterity,
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10:05
and thereby help older people maintain autonomy
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 노년측은 μžμœ¨μ„±μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©°
10:08
for longer parts of their lives.
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λ…Έλ…„κΈ°λ₯Ό 보낼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
Maybe we can call that "robotics for antiaging"
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"λ…Έν™” 방지λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ‘œλ΄‡κ³΅ν•™"이라고 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ ν…Œκ³ 
10:15
or even a next stage of human evolution.
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인λ₯˜ μ§„ν™”μ˜ λ‹€μŒ 단계라고도 ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
Unlike their traditional rigid counterparts,
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기쑴의 λ”±λ”±ν•œ λ‘œλ΄‡λ“€κ³ΌλŠ” 달리
10:21
soft life-like robots will safely operate near people and help us at home.
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μ‹€μ œ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ²˜λŸΌ λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ 이 λ‘œλ΄‡μ€
μƒν™œ κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ—μ„œ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:27
Soft robotics is a very young field. We're just getting started.
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μ†Œν”„νŠΈ λ‘œλ΄‡κ³΅ν•™μ€ 이제 막 μ‹œμž‘ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
I hope that many young people from many different backgrounds
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 배경을 가진 λ§Žμ€ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄
10:34
join us on this exciting journey
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이 ν₯미둜운 여정을 μš°λ¦¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 걸으며
10:36
and help shape the future of robotics
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 아이디어λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜κ³ 
10:38
by introducing new concepts inspired by nature.
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λ‘œλ΄‡κ³΅ν•™μ˜ 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
If we do this right,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•΄λ‚Έλ‹€λ©΄
10:44
we can improve the quality of life
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λͺ¨λ“  이의 μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ„ 높일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
for all of us.
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10:47
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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