Emergency medicine for our climate fever | Kelly Wanser

43,705 views ใƒป 2019-09-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yunjung Nam ๊ฒ€ํ† : Minji Kim
00:12
I'm here to talk to you about something important that may be new to you.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
The governments of the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
00:18
are about to conduct an unintentional experiment
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜
00:20
on our climate.
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
In 2020, new rules will require ships to lower their sulfur emissions
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2020๋…„, ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์œ ํ™ฉ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
by scrubbing their dirty exhaust
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๋จผ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:30
or switching to cleaner fuels.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:32
For human health, this is really good,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:35
but sulfur particles in the emission of ships
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์œ ํ™ฉ ์ž…์ž๋Š”
00:37
also have an effect on clouds.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
This is a satellite image of marine clouds
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์„œํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€
00:43
off the Pacific West Coast of the United States.
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ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์œ„์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
The streaks in the clouds are created by the exhaust from ships.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:50
Ships' emissions include both greenhouse gases,
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์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์™€
00:53
which trap heat over long periods of time,
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:55
and particulates like sulfates that mix with clouds
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๋ฐ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋„
00:59
and temporarily make them brighter.
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ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Brighter clouds reflect more sunlight back to space,
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๋” ๋ฐ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
01:04
cooling the climate.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์„œ๋Š˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:07
So in fact,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
01:08
humans are currently running two unintentional experiments
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ
01:11
on our climate.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
In the first one, we're increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”, ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:17
and gradually warming the earth system.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:19
This works something like a fever in the human body.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์—์„œ ์—ด์ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
If the fever remains low, its effects are mild,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ, ์—ด์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:26
but as the fever rises, damage grows more severe
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์—ด์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ณ ,
01:29
and eventually devastating.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
01:31
We're seeing a little of this now.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
In our other experiment,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”,
01:35
we're planning to remove a layer of particles
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”
01:38
that brighten clouds and shield us from some of this warming.
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์ž…์ž ์ธต์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
The effect is strongest in ocean clouds like these,
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ ,
01:45
and scientists expect the reduction of sulfur emissions from ships next year
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๋…„ ์„ ๋ฐ•์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํ™ฉ์˜ ์–‘ ๊ฐ์ถ•์ด
01:51
to produce a measurable increase in global warming.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Bit of a shocker?
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์ข€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:57
In fact, most emissions contain sulfates that brighten clouds:
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ํ™ฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:01
coal, diesel exhaust, forest fires.
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์„ํƒ„, ๋””์ ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ, ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Scientists estimate that the total cooling effect from emission particles,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:09
which they call aerosols when they're in the climate,
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
02:13
may be as much as all of the warming we've experienced up until now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์–‘ ๋งŒํผ์ผ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
There's a lot of uncertainty around this effect,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ,
02:20
and it's one of the major reasons why we have difficulty predicting climate,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
but this is cooling that we'll lose as emissions fall.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
So to be clear, humans are currently cooling the planet
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์ข€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ, ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
02:34
by dispersing particles into the atmosphere at massive scale.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
We just don't know how much, and we're doing it accidentally.
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๋ƒ‰๊ฐํ™”์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:42
That's worrying,
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๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:44
but it could mean that we have a fast-acting way to reduce warming,
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:47
emergency medicine for our climate fever if we needed it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:51
and it's a medicine with origins in nature.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
This is a NASA simulation of earth's atmosphere,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
02:59
showing clouds and particles moving over the planet.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
The brightness is the Sun's light reflecting from particles in clouds,
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๋ฐ์Œ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ,
03:06
and this reflective shield is one of the primary ways
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์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฒฝ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋œจ๊ฒ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ
03:10
that nature keeps the planet cool enough for humans
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
and all of the life that we know.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:15
In 2015, scientists assessed possibilities for rapidly cooling climate.
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2015๋…„, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
They discounted things like mirrors in space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€, ํ•ด์–‘๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒ๊ตฌ๊ณต์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€
03:24
ping-pong balls in the ocean, plastic sheets on the Arctic,
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‹œํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:29
and they found that the most viable approaches
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:31
involved slightly increasing this atmospheric reflectivity.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์ฃ .
03:36
In fact, it's possible that reflecting just one or two percent more sunlight
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, 1%, ํ˜น์€ 2% ์ •๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:40
from the atmosphere
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:42
could offset two degrees Celsius or more of warming.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ญ์”จ 2๋„์”จ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:47
Now, I'm a technology executive, not a scientist.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ด์ง€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
About a decade ago, concerned about climate,
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10์—ฌ๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ,
03:54
I started to talk with scientists about potential countermeasures to warming.
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์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:58
These conversations grew into collaborations
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณง ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์™€
04:02
that became the Marine Cloud Brightening Project,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฒ„๋ผ์ด๋‹์ด๋ผ๋Š”
04:04
which I'll talk about momentarily,
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04:06
and the nonprofit policy organization SilverLining, where I am today.
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๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
I work with politicians, researchers,
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์ €๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž,
04:15
members of the tech industry and others
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—…๊ณ„ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ
04:17
to talk about some of these ideas.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ฃ .
04:20
Early on, I met British atmospheric scientist John Latham,
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์ผ์ „์—๋Š”, ์˜๊ตญ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž์ธ ์กด ๋ž˜๋ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:23
who proposed cooling the climate the way that the ships do,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:26
but with a natural source of particles:
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๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์œ„์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ
04:28
sea-salt mist from seawater
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ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์—ผ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
04:31
sprayed from ships into areas of susceptible clouds over the ocean.
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
The approach became known by the name I gave it then,
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์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:38
"marine cloud brightening."
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"ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ"
04:39
Early modeling studies suggested that by deploying marine cloud brightening
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์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ 10-20ํผ์„ผํŠธ์—
04:44
in just 10 to 20 percent of susceptible ocean clouds,
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ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:47
it might be possible to offset as much as two degrees Celsius's warming.
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์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ญ์”จ 2๋„ ์ •๋„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
It might even be possible to brighten clouds in local regions
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ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์œผ๋กœ
04:56
to reduce the impacts caused by warming ocean surface temperatures.
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์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
For example, regions such as the Gulf Atlantic
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ๊ฑธํ”„๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€
05:03
might be cooled in the months before a hurricane season
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ํญํ’์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์‹œ์ฆŒ ์ „์—
05:06
to reduce the force of storms.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›” ์ •๋„ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:08
Or, it might be possible to cool waters flowing onto coral reefs
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ํ˜น์€, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณด์ดˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
05:12
overwhelmed by heat stress,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์„
05:14
like Australia's Great Barrier Reef.
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๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
05:16
But these ideas are only theoretical,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
and brightening marine clouds is not the only way
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ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š”
05:22
to increase the reflection of the sunlight from the atmosphere.
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ํ–‡๋น›์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Another occurs when large volcanoes release material with enough force
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฐ ํ™”์‚ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ ์œ„์˜ ์ธต์—
05:31
to reach the upper layer of the atmosphere, the stratosphere.
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๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991,
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1991๋…„ ํ”ผ๋‚˜ํˆฌ๋ณด ํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:38
it released material into the stratosphere,
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ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์„ž์ผ
05:40
including sulfates that mix with the atmosphere to reflect sunlight.
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์œ ํ™ฉ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
This material remained and circulated around the planet.
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๊ทธ ํ™”์‚ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋‚จ์•„์„œ ๋งด๋Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
It was enough to cool the climate by over half a degree Celsius
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๊ทธ ์–‘์€ ์•ฝ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ญ์”จ 0.5๋„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:52
for about two years.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
This cooling led to a striking increase in Arctic ice cover in 1992,
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์ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 1992๋…„ ๋ถ๊ทน ์–ผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:02
which dropped in subsequent years as the particles fell back to earth.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์–ผ์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
But the volcanic phenomenon led Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen
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ํ™”์‚ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž์ธ ํด ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฒธ์ด, ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด๋กœ
06:10
to propose the idea that dispersing particles into the stratosphere
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์— ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
06:13
in a controlled way might be a way to counter global warming.
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๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Now, this has risks that we don't understand,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์ด ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์˜ค์กด์ธต์— ์†์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋“ฑ
06:20
including things like heating up the stratosphere
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
or damage to the ozone layer.
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06:25
Scientists think that there could be safe approaches to this,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:30
but is this really where we are?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„ ์œ„์น˜์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:31
Is this really worth considering?
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:35
This is a simulation
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:36
from the US National Center for Atmospheric Research
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ์ƒ์—ฐ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ธ๋ฐ,
06:39
global climate model showing, earth surface temperatures through 2100.
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2100๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
The globe on the left visualizes our current trajectory,
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์™ผ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ถค์ ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:47
and on the right, a world where particles are introduced into the stratosphere
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, 2020๋…„์— ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ
06:51
gradually in 2020,
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ,
06:53
and maintained through 2100.
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2100๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Intervention keeps surface temperatures near those of today,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž… ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:59
while without it, temperatures rise well over three degrees.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜ ์—†์ด๋Š” 3๋„ ์ด์ƒ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
This could be the difference between a safe and an unsafe world.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So, if there's even a chance that this could be close to reality,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:13
is this something we should consider seriously?
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:18
Today, there are no capabilities,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:19
and scientific knowledge is extremely limited.
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
We don't know whether these types of interventions are even feasible,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž… ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
07:27
or how to characterize their risks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
Researchers hope to explore some basic questions
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
07:33
that might help us know whether or not these might be real options
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐฐ์ œ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
07:38
or whether we should rule them out.
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ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
It requires multiple ways of studying the climate system,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง,
07:44
including computer models to forecast changes,
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๋จธ์‹  ๋Ÿฌ๋‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
07:47
analytic techniques like machine learning,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜
07:49
and many types of observations.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:52
And though it's controversial,
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๋น„๋ก ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„,
07:54
it's also critical that researchers develop core technologies
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
07:58
and perform small-scale, real-world experiments.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
There are two research programs proposing experiments like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
At Harvard, the SCoPEx experiment would release very small amounts
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ SCoPEx ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:11
of sulfates, calcium carbonate and water into the stratosphere with a balloon,
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๊ทน์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ ํ™ฉ, ํƒ„์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜, ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ’์„ ์— ๋‹ด์•„
08:17
to study chemistry and physics effects.
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
How much material?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ์–‘์ด๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
08:22
Less than the amount released in one minute of flight
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1๋ถ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”
08:25
from a commercial aircraft.
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์–‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ ์€ ์–‘์ด์š”.
08:27
So this is definitely not dangerous,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
08:30
and it may not even be scary.
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๋ฌด์„ญ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:33
At the University of Washington,
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”,
08:35
scientists hope to spray a fine mist of salt water into clouds
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ
08:39
in a series of land and ocean tests.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
If those are successful, this would culminate in experiments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
08:44
to measurably brighten an area of clouds over the ocean.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
The marine cloud brightening effort is the first to develop any technology
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ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ–‡๋น› ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ์„
08:52
for generating aerosols for atmospheric sunlight reflection in this way.
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹œ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
It requires producing very tiny particles --
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์ด ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
think about the mist that comes out of an asthma inhaler --
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์ฒœ์‹ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํก์ž…๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฌด๋ฅผ, ์—„์ฒญ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:04
at massive scale -- so think of looking up at a cloud.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:08
It's a tricky engineering problem.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
So this one nozzle they developed
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋…ธ์ฆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
09:13
generates three trillion particles per second,
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๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:15
80 nanometers in size,
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80 ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ
09:17
from very corrosive saltwater.
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1์ดˆ์— 3์กฐ๊ฐœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:20
It was developed by a team of retired engineers in Silicon Valley --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์€ํ‡ดํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ž ํŒ€์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
here they are --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
09:25
working full-time for six years, without pay, for their grandchildren.
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์†์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 6๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
09:31
It will take a few million dollars and another year or two
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฌด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—๋Š”
09:34
to develop the full spray system they need to do these experiments.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ 1๋…„ ํ˜น์€ 2๋…„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
In other parts of the world, research efforts are emerging,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
including small modeling programs at Beijing Normal University in China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ,
09:46
the Indian Institute of Science,
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์ธ๋„๊ณผํ•™์›,
09:49
a proposed center for climate repair at Cambridge University in the UK
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์˜๊ตญ ์บ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ผํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:53
and the DECIMALS Fund,
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DEIMALS ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์€
09:56
which sponsors researchers in global South countries
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๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:58
to study the potential impacts of these sunlight interventions
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๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:01
in their part of the world.
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์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํ›„์›์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
But all of these programs, including the experimental ones,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์€,
10:08
lack significant funding.
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์ž๊ธˆ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And understanding these interventions is a hard problem.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
The earth is a vast, complex system
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๊ณ 
10:15
and we need major investments in climate models, observations
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:18
and basic science
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์šฐ์—ฐ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์˜๋„์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์„
10:20
to be able to predict climate much better than we can today
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์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ธ, ๊ด€์ธก, ๋ฐ
10:24
and manage both our accidental and any intentional interventions.
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๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
And it could be urgent.
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๊ธด๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:32
Recent scientific reports predict that in the next few decades,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡์‹ญ๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
10:36
earth's fever is on a path to devastation:
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
extreme heat and fires,
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฌด๋”์œ„์™€ ํ™”์žฌ,
10:41
major loss of ocean life,
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ƒ์‹ค,
10:44
collapse of Arctic ice,
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๋ถ๊ทน ๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ์œ ์‹ค,
10:47
displacement and suffering for hundreds of millions of people.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์ฃผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
The fever could even reach tipping points where warming takes over
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์ด ์—ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™” ๋˜๋Š”
10:56
and human efforts are no longer enough
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ
10:58
to counter accelerating changes in natural systems.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
To prevent this circumstance,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
11:04
the UN's International Panel on Climate Change predicts
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์œ ์—”์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด๋Š” 2050๋…„ ๊นŒ์ง€
11:06
that we need to stop and even reverse emissions by 2050.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ค„์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
How? We have to quickly and radically transform major economic sectors,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
including energy, construction, agriculture, transportation and others.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๊ฑด์„ค, ๋†์—…, ๊ตํ†ต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋„ ๋‹ค ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:20
And it is imperative that we do this as fast as we can.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
But our fever is now so high
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ํ–์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ด์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์„œ
11:27
that climate experts say we also have to remove
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์—์„œ
11:29
massive quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์„
11:32
possibly 10 times all of the world's annual emissions,
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์•„์ง์€ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
11:36
in ways that aren't proven yet.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Right now, we have slow-moving solutions to a fast-moving problem.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
Even with the most optimistic assumptions,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„,
11:46
our exposure to risk in the next 10 to 30 years
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ 10๋…„์—์„œ 30๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์€,
11:49
is unacceptably high, in my opinion.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Could interventions like these provide fast-acting medicine if we need it
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ํžˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ €์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:56
to reduce the earth's fever while we address its underlying causes?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์‘๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:00
There are real concerns about this idea.
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์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Some people are very worried that even researching these interventions
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:06
could provide an excuse to delay efforts to reduce emissions.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:10
This is also known as a moral hazard.
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๋„๋•์  ํ•ด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:14
But, like most medicines,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:15
interventions are more dangerous the more that you do,
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๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
so research actually tends to draw out the fact
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
12:21
that we absolutely, positively cannot continue
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์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
12:24
to fill up the atmosphere with greenhouse gases,
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
that these kinds of alternatives are risky
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
12:30
and if we were to use them,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
12:32
we would need to use as little as possible.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
12:36
But even so,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
12:38
could we ever learn enough about these interventions
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:41
to manage the risk?
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:43
Who would make decisions about when and how to intervene?
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ• ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:47
What if some people are worse off,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
12:50
or they just think they are?
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
12:52
These are really hard problems.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
But what really worries me is that as climate impacts worsen,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
13:00
leaders will be called on to respond by any means available.
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์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์•„๋ฌด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
I for one don't want them to act without real information
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜ต์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
13:08
and much better options.
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
13:10
Scientists think it will take a decade of research
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „
13:13
just to assess these interventions,
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๊ฐœ์ž… ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋งŒ
13:15
before we ever were to develop or use them.
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10๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Yet today, the global level of investment in these interventions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€
13:22
is effectively zero.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
So, we need to move quickly
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
13:28
if we want policymakers to have real information
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
13:32
on this kind of emergency medicine.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
13:36
There is hope!
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ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ !
13:38
The world has solved these kinds of problems before.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:41
In the 1970s, we identified an existential threat
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1970๋…„๋Œ€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ค์กด์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์œ„ํ˜‘์„
13:44
to our protective ozone layer.
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ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:47
In the 1980s, scientists, politicians and industry
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1980๋…„๋Œ€, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค, ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
13:50
came together in a solution to replace the chemicals causing the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์˜€์ฃ .
13:54
They achieved this with the only legally binding environmental agreement
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ ์˜์ •์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ
13:58
signed by all countries in the world,
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๋ฒ•์  ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ˜‘์•ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
14:00
the Montreal Protocol.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:02
Still in force today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”,
14:04
it has resulted in a recovery of the ozone layer
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๊ทธ ํ˜‘์•ฝ์€ ์˜ค์กด์ธต์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
14:07
and is the most successful environmental protection effort
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
in human history.
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14:13
We have a far greater threat now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๋” ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
but we do have the ability to develop and agree on solutions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋กœ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:19
to protect people
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜‘์˜ํ• 
14:21
and restore our climate to health.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
This could mean that to remain safe,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
14:27
we reflect sunlight for a few decades,
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์‚ฐ์—…์„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
14:29
while we green our industries and remove CO2.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
It definitely means we must work now
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
14:36
to understand our options for this kind of emergency medicine.
265
876941
4261
์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
Thank you,
266
881901
1151
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
(Applause)
267
883076
4701
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7