Jenna C. Lester: Why skin disease is often misdiagnosed in darker skin tones | TED

30,745 views ・ 2021-12-17

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Woojung Jang κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
The skin is the human body's largest organ
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ν”ΌλΆ€λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‹ μ²΄μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€μœ„μ΄λ©°
00:17
and one of the most powerful predictors of our health.
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우리 건강에 μžˆμ–΄ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ§€ν‘œκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ£ΌκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
This is erythema migrans, a hallmark feature of Lyme disease,
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이것은 λΌμž„λ³‘μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μΈ ν™λ°˜μΈλ°μš”.
00:25
a tick-borne illness present in over 80 countries
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μ΄λŠ” 80개ꡭ 이상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ§„λ“œκΈ°λ₯Ό 맀개둜 ν•˜λŠ” λ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
and estimated to affect 476,000 people in the United States each year.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” 맀년 476,000λͺ…이 κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€κ³  μΆ”μ‚°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
Dermatologists like me are doctors of the skin
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저와 같은 ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 주둜 피뢀에 μƒκΈ°λŠ” 병을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ”λ°μš”.
00:38
trained to diagnose and treat skin disease.
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피뢀병을 μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λ„λ‘ ꡐ윑 λ°›μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
And this is how we're trained to see erythema migrans,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” ν™λ°˜μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•  λ•Œ
00:45
as a bullseye-shaped rash that ranges from red to pink.
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빨간색 ν˜Ήμ€ λΆ„ν™λΉ›μ˜ ν™©μ†Œ λͺ¨μ–‘을 보라고 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:50
But this is not at all what it looks like in dark skin.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 피뢀색이 μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 경우 μ „ν˜€ 그래 보이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:53
As you can see here,
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μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
00:55
there are hues of violet, of magenta, and even dark brown.
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보라색, μžμ£Όμƒ‰ μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” μ–΄λ‘μš΄ κ°ˆμƒ‰λΉ›μ„ λ„μ§€μš”.
01:00
If we were to rely only on dermatology textbooks
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이런 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  λ•Œ
01:03
to teach us how to identify skin disease,
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ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Όν•™ κ΅κ³Όμ„œμ—λ§Œ μ˜μ‘΄ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
01:06
we would frequently misdiagnose it in patients of color.
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μœ μƒ‰ 인쒅 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ˜€μ§„ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
And this is a huge problem because Lyme disease needs to be treated.
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λΌμž„λ³‘μ€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ μ΄λŠ” 큰 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
Left untreated, Lyme disease has significant health ramifications
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μΉ˜λ£Œλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ λΌμž„λ³‘μ€ 건강에 큰 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
including arthritis and even nerve damage.
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κ΄€μ ˆμ—Όμ΄λ‚˜ μ‹ κ²½μ†μƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
01:22
And what's more,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€
01:23
as we've seen an increase in the incidence of Lyme disease,
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λΌμž„λ³‘ λ°œλ³‘μ΄ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
a phenomenon attributed in part to climate change,
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ‘œ 인해 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:30
as we continue to see and experience the effects of climate change,
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯이 μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” ν•œ
01:34
we may see more people infected with Lyme disease,
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λΌμž„λ³‘μ— κ°μ—Όλ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
making it even more important that we're able to accurately diagnose it.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Now, this story of erythema migrans is emblematic of a larger issue.
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이 ν™λ°˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 더 큰 문제λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
In the United States, 47 percent of graduating dermatology residents
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Ό λ ˆμ§€λ˜νŠΈμ˜ 47%λŠ”
01:52
report feeling uncomfortable diagnosing skin disease in patients with dark skin.
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피뢀색이 μ–΄λ‘μš΄ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό 진단할 λ•Œ 어렀움이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
47 percent. I just want that to sink in for a second.
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47%λΌλ‹ˆ 잠깐 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:03
This is a staggering statistic,
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λ―ΏκΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ μˆ˜μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
and this means that the people who have just undergone
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μ΄λŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Ό μ „λ¬Έμ˜κ°€ λ˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
02:07
their most intensive training to become doctors of the skin
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강도 높은 ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
02:11
don't feel comfortable diagnosing and treating all patients.
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ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 게 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
And even so, they graduate from residency,
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심지어 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ ˆμ§€λ˜νŠΈ 과정을 마치고
02:18
and they're eligible to become board-certified dermatologists,
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ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Ό μ „λ¬Έμ˜ μžκ²©μ„ λ°›μ•„
02:21
qualified to care for all people.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•  자격이 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œλ°λ„ 말이죠.
02:25
Now, I wonder, could this be why we still see and experience
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λͺ©κ²©ν•˜κ³  κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
health care disparities in all aspects of medicine,
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λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 건강 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ„μš”.
02:32
including dermatology?
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피뢀과학도 ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
02:34
I believe there's a connection between the fact
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μ €λŠ” 두 가지 사싀이 μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
that almost half of dermatology residents
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과반수 μ΄μƒμ˜ ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Ό λ ˆμ§€λ˜νŠΈκ°€
02:39
feel uncomfortable diagnosing and treating certain patients
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일뢀 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ”λ° 어렀움을 λŠλ‚€λ‹€λŠ” 것과
02:43
and the poorer health outcomes of those same patients.
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κ·Έ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μœ 건강 κ²°κ³Όμ‚¬μ΄μ—μš”.
02:48
I speak to patients of color all the time
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μ €λŠ” 항상 μœ μƒ‰μΈμ’… ν™˜μžλ“€κ³Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
who express an awareness of the fact
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그듀은 λ‹€ μ•Œκ³ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:52
that their dermatologist is unfamiliar
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ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Ό μ „λ¬Έμ˜λ“€μ΄ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것 κ°™λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
02:55
with diagnosing skin disease in their skin tone
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μœ μƒ‰ μΈμ’…μ˜ ν”ΌλΆ€ μ§ˆν™˜μ„ 진단할 λ•Œμš”.
02:58
or uncomfortable teaching them how to care for their hair or scalp.
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λ¨Έλ¦¬μΉ΄λ½μ΄λ‚˜ 두피 관리법을 μ„€λͺ…ν• λ•Œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ .
03:04
And I wonder, what does this awareness that your doctor is uncomfortable with you
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μ™œ μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λΆˆνŽΈν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
due to the physician-patient relationship;
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μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ ν™˜μž κ΄€κ³„λΌμ„œμš”?
03:11
to trust in the medical establishment;
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μ˜λ£ŒκΈ°κ΄€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ λ’°λ•Œλ¬Έμ—μš”?
03:14
or to the likelihood that someone returns for additional care?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μΆ”κ°€ μ§„λ£Œ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ—μš”?
03:18
A problem in dermatology is
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  ν”ΌλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λŠ”μ§€
03:19
that we're not taught how skin disease appears in all skin tones.
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λ°°μš°μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
As a medical student, my classmates and I quickly realized
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저와 제 동기가 μ˜λŒ€μƒμΌ λ•Œ
03:26
that we only saw dark skin when we were learning about syphilis.
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μ €ν¬λ§Œ μ–΄λ‘μš΄ ν”ΌλΆ€λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  맀독에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 λ•Œμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
03:30
And this observation is supported by research that I published
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μ œκ°€ λ°œν‘œν•œ 연ꡬ가 이 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
in the British Journal of Dermatology in 2019
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2019λ…„ 영ꡭ ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Όν•™ 저널에 λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
03:36
that shows an overrepresentation of dark skin in chapters
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μœ μƒ‰ 인쒅에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ³Όμž₯된 ν‘œν˜„μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
focused on sexually transmitted infections,
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μ„±λ§€κ°œ 감염병 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ”μš”.
03:42
even while those same skin tones are underrepresented elsewhere
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 같은 ν™˜μžμž„μ—λ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όμž₯되게 ν‘œν˜„λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
in the same textbook.
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같은 κ΅κ³Όμ„œμΈλ° 말이죠.
03:48
What does this do to impressionable learners?
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μ΄λŠ” κ°μˆ˜μ„±μ΄ μ˜ˆλ―Όν•œ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 μ€„κΉŒμš”?
03:50
Does it make them think that someone with dark skin
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μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 피뢀색을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:53
is more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection?
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μ„±λ§€κ°œ 감염병에 더 μ‰½κ²Œ κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:56
Now, I know some of you may be thinking,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 이미 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ
03:59
I know an algorithm that can solve this or machine learning to the rescue.
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이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄λ‚˜ κΈ°κ³„ν•™μŠ΅μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And I'm here to gently disagree.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” λ°˜λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
And that's because the data from which these algorithms learn
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄ ν•™μŠ΅ν•  λ•Œ
04:09
are the same photos that overrepresent dark skin
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μ–΄λ–€ ν”ΌλΆ€ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ‘μš΄ ν”ΌλΆ€λ₯Ό κ³Όμž₯되게 ν‘œν˜„ν•œ 사진을
04:12
in certain skin conditions,
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반면 λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όμ†Œν‰κ°€ ν•œ 사진을
04:13
even while underrepresenting them in others.
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μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
In other words, these algorithms will be as biased as we are
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즉, 이 μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜λ„ 우리 λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ 편ν–₯적이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
unless we make significant change.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 큰 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ 말이죠.
04:23
I started the Skin of Color program
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μ €λŠ” μŠ€ν‚¨ 컬러 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μš΄μ˜ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
at the University of California, San Francisco,
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ λŒ€ν•™ μƒŒν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ½” μΊ νΌμŠ€μ—μ„œμš”.
04:28
where I work with medical students and residents
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κ·Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ˜λŒ€μƒ, λ ˆμ§€λ˜νŠΈμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
in an effort to begin to help them unlearn some of these harmful patterns
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이 μœ ν•΄ν•œ 방법을 λ°°μš°μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯의 μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œμš”.
04:34
that make it easier to see some things,
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μœ ν•΄ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄λž€ 맀독에 κ±Έλ¦° μœ μƒ‰μΈμ’…μ²˜λŸΌ
04:36
like dark skin with syphilis,
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무언가λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° 더 μ‰½κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ 
04:38
and harder to see others, like dark skin with erythema migrans.
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ν™λ°˜μ΄ 생긴 μ–΄λ‘μš΄ ν”ΌλΆ€μ²˜λŸΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±Έ 보기 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 방법 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
I teach everything from how to identify inflammation in dark skin
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μ €λŠ” 피뢀색이 μ–΄λ‘μš΄ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ 염증을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ”μ§€λΆ€ν„°
04:46
to how to talk to a Black woman about her hair care practices.
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흑인 μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 머리카락 κ΄€λ¦¬λ²•κΉŒμ§€ λͺ¨λ“  것을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
And one important fact that I always make sure to mention
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μ œκ°€ 항상 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν•œ 가지 사싀은
04:53
is that it's neither good nor common
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쒋지도 μ•Šκ³  ν”ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
for Black women to wash their hair every day.
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흑인 여성듀이 맀일 머리λ₯Ό κ°λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μš”.
04:58
And any treatment regimen
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λ¨Έλ¦¬μΉ΄λ½μ΄λ‚˜ 두피λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ”
04:59
focused on taking care of the hair and scalp
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μ–΄λ–€ 치료 μš”λ²•μ΄κ±΄
05:01
should reflect this important understanding.
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이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사싀을 λ°˜μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
My work at the Skin of Color program,
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μŠ€ν‚¨ 컬러 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:07
as well as the work of similar programs across the country,
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μ „κ΅­μ˜ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ 제 μ—…λ¬΄λŠ”
05:10
demonstrate the importance of creating a dedicated educational environment
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ λͺ©μ μ˜ ꡐ윑 ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€ μž…μ¦ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
for residents and medical students to learn the full spectrum of skin disease
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λ ˆμ§€λ˜νŠΈμ™€ μ˜λŒ€μƒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ˜μ—­μ˜ ν”ΌλΆ€μ§ˆν™˜μ„ λ°°μš°λŠ” 데 말이죠.
05:20
as they appear in all patients, regardless of skin tone.
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ν”ΌλΆ€μ§ˆν™˜μ€ 피뢀색에 상관없이 λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”
05:24
This is an important first step
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μ΄λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
on a long road towards eliminating health care disparities in dermatology.
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ν”ΌλΆ€κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œ 건강 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜λ €λŠ” κΈ΄ μ—¬μ •μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ΄μ§€μš”.
05:30
But let's commit to taking this journey together.
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이 여정을 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
05:33
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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