How to Live With Fire | Oral McGuire | TED

34,820 views ใƒป 2024-04-28

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: aknv tso ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:08
I'd like to acknowledge and pay my respect
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื™
00:12
to the Anishinaabe Nation
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ืœืื•ืžืช ื”ืื ื™ืฉื™ื ืื‘ื”
00:14
and its Council of Three Fires,
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ื•ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื, ืขืžื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื•ื”, ื”ืฆโ€™ื™ืคืื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื•ืื˜ื•ืžื™.
00:18
the Ottawa, the Chippewa,
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00:20
and the Potawatomi peoples.
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00:23
I am grateful to be here on your sacred ancestral lands.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืขืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื•ืช.
00:28
Do you see fire as friend or foe?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืื•ื™ื‘ืช?
00:33
In Australia, we have a growing issue around fire that challenges us
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ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืืฉ
ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ืช ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช.
00:39
every fire season.
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00:41
And because of our changing climate,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
00:43
there are now other places in the world
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ื™ืฉื ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
00:48
that are confronted with this same challenge.
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ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืืชื’ืจ.
00:51
My story is about my personal and cultural relationship with fire.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืืฉ.
00:57
It has been a life-long relationship
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ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช-ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™,
01:00
and as a Mangarda Balladong Nyungar,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ โ€œืžืื ืืจื“ื” ื‘ืืœืื“ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื•ื ืืจโ€œ,
01:02
a person from the southwest corner of Australia,
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ืื“ื ืžื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
01:07
I acknowledge fire not only as a friend
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉ ืœื ืจืง ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”
01:10
but as a part of my being and my spirit.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื™.
01:16
However, I have also seen firsthand how big a threat fire is.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืคื”.
01:23
During the Black Summer of 2019 and 2020,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 2019 ื•-2020,
01:28
the east coast of Australia burned like never before.
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ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืกืจืช-ืชืงื“ื™ื.
01:33
And the whole world saw.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืจืื” ื–ืืช.
01:35
The smoke that was huge
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ื”ืขืฉืŸ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื ืกื—ืฃ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜
01:39
drifted across the southern Pacific Ocean
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืฆโ€™ื™ืœื” ื•ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”,
01:44
all the way to Chile and Argentina.
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01:47
And there were glaciers in New Zealand
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืขืฉืŸ.
01:50
that turned brown from that same smoke.
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01:55
Paradoxically, Australia needs fire.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™, ื”ืืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
02:00
My people applied the right fire
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ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื™ ื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”
02:03
diligently and expertly for millennia.
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ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
02:08
It shaped the evolution and the DNA
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ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื โ€œื
02:13
of the landscape and of nature itself.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื•.
02:17
The elder in this shot
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ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช
02:19
gently reached down and lit the grass
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ื•ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื•ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืขืœื™ื” ืขืžื“ื ื•.
02:24
and the ground that we were standing on.
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02:27
As the fire slowly trickled, he said to us,
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ื›ืฉื”ืืฉ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ืœืื˜, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•,
02:31
"Go and stand near a tree and observe what you see."
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โ€œืœื›ื•, ืขืžื“ื• ืœื™ื“ ืขืฅ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•.โ€
02:36
What we saw was amazing.
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ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
02:39
There were all these various insects and critters clambering up the tree trunk,
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื˜ื™ืคืกื• ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื’ื–ืข ื”ืขืฅ
ื•ื ืžืœื˜ื• ืžื”ืืฉ ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ืช.
02:46
escaping the slow-moving fire.
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02:49
The elder then said to us,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื ื•,
โ€œื–ื” ืืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.โ€
02:52
"This is the best indication that our burn is the right fire."
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02:58
Fire has a sacredness when it is applied through our cultural lore.
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ื”ืืฉ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
03:05
What manifests during the cultural burning
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ืžื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
03:08
is a spiritual enlivening of nature,
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03:11
where country is renewed and the spirit of the land is awakened.
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ื›ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช.
03:15
Kaarl-ngariny is our sacred practice of burning country.
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โ€œืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืืจื™ื ื™โ€ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืจืฅ.
03:20
Country, or ancestral lands, in my language is โ€œBoodja.โ€
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ืืจืฅ, ืื• ืื“ืžืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื โ€œื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื”โ€œ, ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื™.
03:26
This is me applying kaarl-ngariny on my sacred lands,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ืื“ืžื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื•ืช,
03:32
Nyungar Boodja.
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ื ื™ื•ื ืืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื”.
03:34
Nyungar Boodja is 200,000 square kilometers in size.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•ื ืืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ื”ื•ื 200,000 ืงืž โ€œืจ.
03:39
This map shows the 14 language groups of my people,
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ืžืคื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช 14 ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื™,
03:43
the Nyungar nation.
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ืื•ืžืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืืืจ.
03:45
My language group is Ballardong.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืœืืจื“ื•ื ื’.
03:49
Boodja gives my people identity, connectedness and spirit.
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ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืื ืฉื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืจื•ื—.
03:55
This is Aboriginal Australia.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืจื™ื’'ื™ื ื™ืช.
03:57
At the time of first contact,
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ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื’ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
04:00
there were over 800 First Nations language groups
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ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-800 ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
04:03
and 250 distinctly Indigenous nations.
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ื•-250 ืื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
04:08
Pre-colonization and for 65,000 years,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš 65,000 ืฉื ื”,
ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื”
04:13
our lands were managed by cycles of creation
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04:16
through our First Law ways.
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:20
However, since 1788, Boodja has been suffering
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื– 1788, ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœืช
ืžื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
04:26
from the introduced destructive cycles of colonialism,
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04:30
developmentalism,
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ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ืฉ.
04:33
capitalism and industrialization.
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04:36
These have all contributed significantly to climate change on my Boodja.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืชืจืžื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ืฉืœื™.
04:43
Part of my relationship with fire
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืืฉ
04:45
included me having an 18-year-long career
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช 18 ืฉื ื” ื›ื›ื‘ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืคืจืชโ€™.
04:49
as a professional firefighter in Perth.
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04:53
It is here that I learned a deep respect for the destructive force of fire
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื” ืœืจื—ื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ืœื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉ
04:59
and its awesome power.
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ื•ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื”.
05:01
Since fire was considered our enemy,
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ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืื•ื™ื‘ืช,
05:05
as fierys, we were trained to control it.
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ื›ื›ื‘ืื™ื, ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”.
05:08
So we learned about fire behavior and fire management.
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื”.
05:13
I would have attended over 2,000 bush fires
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ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ื“ืœื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื‘ืจ
05:16
many of which resulted from controlled burns getting out of control
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ืฉืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื• ืžืฉืจื™ืคื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
05:22
and becoming wildfires.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื“ืœื™ืงื”.
05:24
As a professional firefighter,
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ื›ื›ื‘ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืžืฉื™ืžืชื ื•
05:25
I learned that our mission is to protect property and save life.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:32
But as First Nations and traditional custodians of our lands,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื ื•,
ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉืจื™ืคื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื
05:36
our two key principles for applying the right fire
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ืœืชืช ืœื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
05:40
is to put Boodja first
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05:41
and to keep nature balanced.
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
05:44
We cannot keep countries safe by burning everything indiscriminately
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื ื ืฉืจื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืขื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“.
05:48
to the ground.
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05:50
The ground is sacred, and we must protect and preserve it.
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ื”ืื“ืžื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”.
05:55
This is the result of a controlled or prescribed burn.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ืื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช.
ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™-ื‘ื™-ืกื™-ืื™ื™,
06:00
It was carried out by DBCA,
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ืืชืจื™ื
06:02
an agency in Western Australia that manages parks and wildlife.
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ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืืจืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ.
06:07
This type of burning occur
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ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืฉืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืžืžื˜ื•ืก
06:09
when incendiary devices are dropped from aircraft
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06:13
in order to take out as much bushland as possible
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ
06:17
in the shortest amount of time.
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ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:20
This burning is destructive to nature and to Boodja.
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ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื”.
06:25
The burn marks on this jarrah tree,
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ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืืงืœื™ืคื˜ื•ืก ื”ื’โ€™ืจืื— ื”ื–ื”
06:27
one of our very sacred species, is 10 foot high.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื•ื 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
06:31
This is not consistent with our cultural lore
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“
ืขื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืฉ.
06:35
and standards for applying fire.
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06:37
The dark charring indicate the intensity of the heat
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ื”ื—ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ื”ื” ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช.
06:42
and the height of the flames.
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06:44
You can see that this landscape is devastated from this controlled burn.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
06:50
I remember a Nyungar elder in my community
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื–ืงื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืืจ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™,
06:53
once very angrily referred to this type of burning
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ื›ื™ื ื” ืคืขื ื‘ื›ืขืก ืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”
06:58
and the people that carry it out as โ€œlegal arsonists.โ€
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ื•ืืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื” ื›โ€œืžืฆื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงโ€œ.
07:02
Right across Australia, and in many parts of the world,
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื“ืœื™ืงื•ืช
07:06
the very real impact of climate change and wildfires
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07:10
are destroying nature in many ways.
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ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
07:14
We must today provide care for Mother Earth like never before.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืžื ืื“ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™-ืคืขื.
07:20
As Nyungar people, our fight to stay connected to our sacred lands
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ื›ืขื ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืืจ, ืžืื‘ืงื ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช
07:24
is dependent on our ability and freedom to practice kaarl-ngariny.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™.
07:29
Kaarl-ngariny requires us to be able to read country,
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ื”ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ,
07:34
keeping Boodja healthy keeps us healthy.
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ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•.
07:37
This is kaarl-ngariny, the right fire, as it is applied in Queensland,
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ื”ื ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™, ื”ืืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืกืœื ื“ ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
07:42
northern Australia.
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07:45
This is what a healthy, clean burn looks like.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื ืงื™ื”.
07:47
When we burn the right way,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
07:49
we know country will regenerate in balance.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืชืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ.
07:54
The balanced health is dependent on how and when fire is applied.
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืืฉ.
07:58
Remember the right fire at the right time,
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื•: ื”ืืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:01
in the right place.
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08:04
Cultural burns are different across differing ecological regions.
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ื”ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•.
08:09
This is a cool burn in Victoria, in southeastern Australia.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื— ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
08:13
The principles of how, why and when to burn
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ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื™ื‘ื”
08:17
remain consistent across all regions
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ื™ืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื
08:20
and amongst all First Nations groups.
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ื•ื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
08:23
Fire is medicine for country.
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ื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืืจืฅ.
08:26
It heals the land and it cleanses it,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจืคืืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื—ื˜ืืช ืื•ืชื”,
08:29
and it renews the spirit of Boodja.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉืช ืืช ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื”.
08:33
In 2008, my family took possession of 2,100 acres
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008,
ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœ 8,500 ื“ื•ื ื ืžืื“ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•
08:37
in our ancestral lands
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08:39
in the wheatbelt region of western Australia.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
08:42
This country had been badly overcleared,
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ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”,
ื ืจืขืชื” ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”,
08:47
overgrazed, overfertilized and overcropped.
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ื“ื•ืฉื ื” ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื ื–ืจืขื” ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”.
08:53
Our vision, which we saw as our responsibility,
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ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•,
08:56
was to heal this land.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช.
08:59
So we set out to plant native endemic species of plants
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื
ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื, ืืœื” ืžืฉื›ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื’ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
09:04
which in turn attracted all sorts of other native birds, animals,
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
09:10
flowers and grasses to also return.
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09:14
My brothers and I and our children have been practicing kaarl-ngariny
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ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•
ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ 15 ืฉื ื”.
09:18
on this Boodja now for 15 years.
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09:21
This is the same photo seven years later.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:24
Today, the trees in the foreground are so large,
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
09:27
they restrict the view of this landscape.
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ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
09:29
The right fire at the right time is very good for our environment.
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ื”ืืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
09:34
It's very good for Boodja and it's very good for us.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
09:39
This is it today.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:41
A big part of what helped us achieve our goal,
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
09:44
our patient ambition,
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ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
09:46
was the application of kaarl-ngariny across our landscape.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:50
Kaarl-ngariny is an important element
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ื”ืงืืืจืœ-ื ืืจื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:53
of our First Nations regenerative land management model.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:58
This regenerative land management model
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช
10:01
is a contemporary version of our traditional practice
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ.
10:04
of caring for country.
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10:07
Seeing country in a holistic sense
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ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™
10:09
and understanding how it is a part of us
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืชื ื•
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• - ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”,
10:14
and we are a part of it
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10:16
is important in the practice of caring for country.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ.
10:20
Fire management in Australia is critical to the biodiverse
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ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
10:23
and ecological health of our land.
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ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื•.
10:26
When ecological health is poor or nonexistent,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
10:30
biodiversity and spirit is also poor or nonexistent.
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ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
10:35
Therefore, to heal the spirit of our lands,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืคื ืืช ืจื•ื— ืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื ื•,
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ, ืœืฉืžืจ ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ
10:39
we must protect,
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10:40
conserve and regenerate the biodiversity and ecology of Boodja everywhere.
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ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื’โ€™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
10:49
Fire can be either a very important ally
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ื”ืืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“
10:53
or a massively destructive threat,
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ืื• ืื™ื•ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ ืื“ื™ืจ,
10:56
if we don't commit to manage and apply the right fire
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ืื ืœื ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื ื”ืœ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื
ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:01
at the right time in the right place.
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11:05
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
11:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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