How Black Queer Culture Shaped History | Channing Gerard Joseph | TED

56,637 views ใƒป 2023-02-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Naama Lieberman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:04
Hello folks, I'd like to start with a song
0
4417
2545
ืฉืœื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ
00:07
and the lyrics of the song are:
1
7128
2420
ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืŸ:
00:09
"Walk light, ladies, the cake's all dough.
2
9548
4838
โ€œื“ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื•ืœื”.
00:14
You need not mind the weather if the wind don't blow."
3
14553
4337
ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœื”โ€œ.
00:19
So if you can repeat after me,
4
19349
1835
ืื– ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™,
00:21
"Walk light ladies, the cake's all dough."
5
21184
2544
โ€œื“ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื•ืœื”โ€œ.
00:23
Audience: "Walk light, ladies, the cake's all dough."
6
23770
2503
ืงื”ืœ: โ€œื“ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื•ืœื”โ€œ.
00:26
CGJ: "You needn't mind the weather if the wind don't blow."
7
26273
2794
ืฆโ€™ื ื™ื ื’: ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœื”โ€œ.
00:29
Audience: "You needn't mind the weather if the wind don't blow."
8
29067
3003
ืงื”ืœ: โ€œืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœื”โ€œ.
00:32
CGJ: Ok, so you got it. So Iโ€™ll sing.
9
32070
1793
ืฆโ€™ื ื™ื ื’: ืชืคืกืชื ืืช ื–ื”. ืื– ืื ื™ ืืฉื™ืจ.
00:33
(Singing) โ€œWalk light, ladies, the cakeโ€™s all dough,
10
33863
2545
(ืฉืจ) โ€ื“ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื•ืœื”,
00:36
you neednโ€™t mind the weather if the wind donโ€™t blow.
11
36408
3003
ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœื”.
00:39
Walk light, ladies, the cakeโ€™s all dough,
12
39411
2586
ื“ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื•ืœื”,
00:41
you neednโ€™t mind the weather if the wind donโ€™t blow. ...
13
41997
2669
ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœื”...
00:44
Walk light, ladies, the cake's all dough,
14
44666
2252
ื“ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืง ื›ื•ืœื”,
00:46
you neednโ€™t mind the weather if the wind donโ€™t blow.โ€
15
46918
2836
ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœื”โ€œ.
00:50
Hardly anyone knows that song anymore,
16
50463
2419
ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
00:52
but it was a popular one during the slavery era.
17
52924
2878
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
00:56
Black Americans sang it on holidays
18
56386
3253
ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื
00:59
and during a dance contest called a cakewalk.
19
59681
3003
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื” โ€œืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืขื•ื’ื”โ€œ.
01:03
But what you may not know is that drag queens probably sang it
20
63435
4296
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืื’ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื•
01:07
at some of the earliest queer balls in the United States.
21
67731
3879
ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืฉืคื™ื ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืืจื”โ€œื‘.
01:12
And you also may not know
22
72485
1460
ื•ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
01:13
that drag culture shares a history with African-American emancipation.
23
73987
5130
ืฉืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืื’ ื—ื•ืœืงืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
01:19
The reason you don't know is that Black queer communities
24
79909
3754
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื•ืช
01:23
have largely been erased from history.
25
83663
2836
ื ืžื—ืงื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
01:27
That's in part due to the fact
26
87375
1669
ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
01:29
that so much historical research begins with genealogy.
27
89085
4922
ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:34
And what is genealogy?
28
94382
2044
ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
01:36
It's basically a record of heterosexual behavior:
29
96468
3503
ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื–ื” ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ืช:
01:39
mother, father, child;
30
99971
2294
ืื™ืžื, ืื‘ื, ื™ืœื“;
01:42
birth, marriage, inheritance.
31
102265
1960
ืœื™ื“ื”, ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื™ืจื•ืฉื”.
01:44
But another reason is that historians of all colors
32
104809
3087
ืื‘ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืข
01:47
have looked down on Black queer folks like me
33
107896
2753
ื–ืœื–ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™
01:50
as immoral, deviant,
34
110690
3462
ื›ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื˜ื™ื,
01:54
distasteful, diseased,
35
114152
2628
ื“ื•ื—ื™ื, ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
01:56
even dangerous.
36
116780
1293
ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
01:58
And the long-term impact of that
37
118823
2044
ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื–ื”
02:00
is that many of us don't learn
38
120909
3253
ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
02:04
how Black queer people have shaped history.
39
124162
3295
ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
02:07
People like Bayard Rustin,
40
127499
2794
ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื™ืืจื“ ืจืกื˜ื™ืŸ,
02:10
a gay Black man who organized the March on Washington in 1963,
41
130293
4588
ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื’ืื” ืฉืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื” ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘-1963,
02:14
leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Act.
42
134923
2294
ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—.
02:17
Or Frances Thompson, a formerly enslaved Black woman,
43
137634
3920
ืื• ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืชื•ืžืคืกื•ืŸ, ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ืช,
02:21
assigned male at birth,
44
141596
1585
ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื›ื–ื›ืจ,
02:23
whose harrowing congressional testimony
45
143223
1877
ืฉืขื“ื•ืชื” ื”ืžืฆืžืจืจืช ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
02:25
about the Memphis race riots of 1866
46
145141
3087
ืขืœ ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ื‘ืžืžืคื™ืก ื‘ืฉื ืช 1866
02:28
helped shape the course of Reconstruction
47
148228
3295
ืขื–ืจื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืžื”ืœืš โ€œื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉโ€
02:31
and galvanized support for the 14th Amendment,
48
151564
3295
ื•ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”-14,
02:34
which provided Black Americans with citizenship rights
49
154901
2961
ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—
02:37
and the promise of equal protection.
50
157904
2377
ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”.
02:41
As an effeminate Black kid growing up in Louisiana,
51
161074
3754
ื›ื™ืœื“ ื ืฉื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืื™ื–ื™ืื ื”,
02:44
I was bullied a lot.
52
164869
2002
ืกื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
02:47
In elementary school,
53
167247
1209
ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™,
02:48
the other kids called me a girl
54
168456
2169
ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืงืจืื• ืœื™ โ€œื™ืœื“ื”โ€
02:50
and I felt out of place almost all the time.
55
170667
2836
ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
02:54
If I had learned in school
56
174170
1877
ืื™ืœื• ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
02:56
about the contributions of Black queer people,
57
176089
3545
ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื,
02:59
it would have made an enormous impact on my life.
58
179634
3212
ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™.
03:02
I think recovering these histories can save kids' lives.
59
182887
4129
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
03:07
But after spending the last 15 years
60
187058
2711
ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช 15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:09
researching and writing about these topics,
61
189769
2294
ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
03:12
I would like to make the case
62
192105
2252
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ
03:14
that learning Black queer history
63
194357
2711
ืฉืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช
03:17
is crucial to understanding our shared history.
64
197110
2836
ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:20
So you've probably heard
65
200405
1918
ืื– ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืžืขืชื
03:22
that the fight for queer liberation began with the Stonewall uprising.
66
202323
4130
ืฉื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืกื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืœ.
03:26
New York police raided a queer bar in 1969.
67
206453
4337
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืคืฉื˜ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื‘-1969.
03:30
Riots followed and magically,
68
210832
3420
ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืคืจืฆื• ื•ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืงืกื,
03:34
a celebration of pride was born.
69
214294
3295
ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื”.
03:37
The problem is, that's not true.
70
217714
1793
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:40
(Laughs)
71
220341
1335
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:41
Queer pride did not arise out of nowhere.
72
221676
2669
ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
03:45
There had to be a foundation of self-acceptance
73
225054
3963
ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช
03:49
and solidarity in place already.
74
229184
2043
ื•ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
03:51
And in fact,
75
231269
1168
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”,
03:52
many people had been working for decades
76
232437
2002
ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื
03:54
to build the courageous and confident community
77
234481
3003
ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
03:57
that made Stonewall, pride
78
237525
2795
ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืืช ืกื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืœ ื’ืื”
04:00
and eventually, marriage equality possible.
79
240361
2336
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืคืฉืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.
04:03
One of those people was William Dorsey Swann,
80
243990
4546
ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื“ื•ืจืกื™ ืกื•ื•ืืŸ,
04:08
the first drag queen.
81
248536
1710
ื”ื“ืจืื’ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
04:10
Swann was born into slavery in Maryland just before the Civil War.
82
250830
5047
ืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื™ืœื ื“ ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
04:15
In the 1880s, as a young adult,
83
255919
2127
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช 1880, ื›ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
04:18
he moved to Washington, DC
84
258046
2210
ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”,
04:20
to find work to help support his parents and siblings.
85
260298
2836
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ืื—ื™ื•.
04:23
In Washington, he found the Emancipation Day parade,
86
263510
5213
ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืืช ืžืฆืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ,
04:28
an enormous annual celebration
87
268723
2795
ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช
04:31
commemorating the end of slavery in the US capitol.
88
271559
2878
ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจืช ืืจื”โ€œื‘.
04:34
The highlights of the parade were called queens:
89
274938
3253
ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช:
04:38
Beautiful, crowned Black women
90
278233
2335
ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ื™ืคื•ืช, ืขื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชืจ
04:40
who personified African-Americans' newfound freedom.
91
280610
3212
ืฉื’ื™ืœืžื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
04:44
The queens of Emancipation Day so inspired Swann,
92
284322
3295
ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื”,
04:47
that he adopted the title "queen" for himself
93
287659
2627
ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ โ€œืžืœื›ื”โ€ ืœืขืฆืžื•
04:50
at the secret dance
94
290328
1168
ื‘ื ืฉืฃ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™
04:51
that he and his friends called "a drag."
95
291538
2544
ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืงืจืื• ืœื• โ€œื“ืจืื’โ€œ.
04:54
The word "drag" possibly comes from a contraction of "grand rag,"
96
294374
4588
ื”ืžื™ืœื” โ€œื“ืจืื’โ€ ืžืงื•ืจื” ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื โ€œgrand ragโ€
04:58
which is an early term for a masquerade ball.
97
298962
2210
ืžื•ื ื— ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื ืฉืฃ ืชื—ืคื•ืฉื•ืช.
05:01
So although people assigned male at birth have dressed in feminine clothing
98
301464
5381
ืื– ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื
05:06
for all sorts of reasons throughout the centuries,
99
306886
2586
ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
05:09
the term "drag queen" began with Swann,
100
309514
2753
ื”ืžื•ื ื— โ€œืžืœื›ืช ื“ืจืื’โ€ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืกื•ื•ืืŸ,
05:12
who was the earliest documented person to call himself a queen
101
312308
4463
ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืขื“ ืงื•ืจื ืœืขืฆืžื• โ€œื”ืžืœื›ื”โ€
05:16
of a cross-dressing party described by its participants as a drag.
102
316813
4379
ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื โ€œื“ืจืื’โ€œ.
05:21
The title queen signified
103
321985
1960
ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืžืœื›ื” ืกื™ืžืœ
05:23
that Swann held an honored place in the community.
104
323987
3044
ืฉืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืงื•ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
05:27
But the term "queen" is even more important
105
327991
2335
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื— โ€œืžืœื›ื”โ€ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:30
because it's one of the earliest positive terms
106
330368
3253
ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
05:33
that queer people had to describe ourselves.
107
333621
2586
ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืชื™ืืจื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
05:36
In the 1880s,
108
336708
1877
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19,
05:38
positive terms like "transgender" and "non-binary" didn't exist yet.
109
338585
3420
ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• โ€œื˜ืจื ืกื’โ€™ื ื“ืจโ€ ื•โ€œืœื-ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™โ€ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:42
"Homosexual" was a word only used by Germans.
110
342338
3212
โ€œื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœโ€ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช.
05:46
And although "gay," "lesbian" and "bisexual" were English words,
111
346009
6131
ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉโ€œื’ื™ื™โ€œ, โ€œืœืกื‘ื™ืชโ€ ื•โ€œื‘ื™ืกืงืกื•ืืœโ€ ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
05:52
they didn't mean what they mean today
112
352140
1960
ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
05:54
and they weren't used to self-identify.
113
354142
2335
ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™.
05:56
So it can be tempting to apply modern identities to people of a distant past.
114
356978
4713
ืื– ืžืคืชื” ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.
06:02
But if we do so,
115
362275
2377
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
06:04
we often fail to consider and respect
116
364652
5506
ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“
06:10
the ways that they thought of themselves.
117
370158
2669
ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื.
06:13
Right?
118
373244
1210
ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:14
If we fail to consider how our ancestors thought of themselves,
119
374454
3003
ืื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื,
06:17
we risk erasing a crucial element of our shared history.
120
377457
3920
ื ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:22
Swann's balls were raided numerous times by the DC police
121
382503
4338
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ืืŸ
06:26
leading to jail time
122
386883
1918
ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืืกืจื™ื
06:28
and eventually a public petition and a bid for a presidential pardon.
123
388843
4254
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื ื™ื ื”.
06:33
That makes Swann the earliest documented American activist
124
393723
3128
ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืกื•ื•ืืŸ ืœืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืขื“
06:36
to take legal steps to defend the queer community.
125
396893
2836
ื ื•ืงื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช.
06:41
But the authorities couldn't stop Swann
126
401272
2544
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืกื•ื•ืืŸ
06:43
and couldn't stop the balls from continuing
127
403858
4046
ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉืคื™ื ืžืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื
06:47
and expanding to other cities.
128
407946
2085
ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืœืขืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช.
06:50
Today, queer drag is mainstream.
129
410406
2962
ื”ื™ื•ื, ื“ืจืื’ ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื.
06:53
From โ€œParis is Burningโ€ to โ€œPoseโ€ to โ€œRuPaulโ€™s Drag Raceโ€
130
413368
5672
ืžโ€œืคืจื™ื– ื‘ื•ืขืจืชโ€ ืœโ€œืคื•ื–ื”โ€ ืœโ€œืžืจื•ืฅ ืœื“ืจืื’ ืฉืœ ืจื• ืคื•ืœโ€
06:59
and the houses of 21st century ballroom culture,
131
419082
5422
ื•ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืคื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21,
07:04
which feature queens who preside over beauty and dance contests,
132
424504
6423
ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ืจื™ืงื•ื“,
07:10
have maintained the same basic structure as Swann's 19th-century community.
133
430969
4587
ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19.
07:15
The history of DC's Emancipation Day has largely been forgotten,
134
435932
5505
ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื ืฉื›ื—ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื”,
07:21
but the power to choose how we define ourselves, as Swann did,
135
441479
5839
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืกื•ื•ืืŸ ืขืฉื”,
07:27
is more important now than ever.
136
447360
2044
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ ืคืขื.
07:29
And as long as the term "queen" lives on,
137
449696
3920
ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื ื— โ€œืžืœื›ื”โ€ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช,
07:33
anyone who participates in
138
453658
2210
ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืชืฃ
07:35
or enjoys watching drag competitions
139
455910
2836
ืื• ื ื”ื ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืื’
07:38
is paying homage to a century-and-a-half long celebration
140
458788
5047
ืžื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ื‘ืจ 150 ืฉื ื”
07:43
of African-American emancipation.
141
463876
2169
ืฉืœ ืืžื ืกื™ืคืฆื™ื” ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
07:47
And William Dorsey Swann is just one example.
142
467171
4046
ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื“ื•ืจืกื™ ืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช.
07:51
How many other Black queer stories
143
471884
4046
ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื
07:55
have been erased from the historical record?
144
475972
2377
ื ืžื—ืงื• ืžื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™?
07:59
And what could those stories teach us about who we are?
145
479183
2837
ื•ืžื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•?
08:03
Thank you.
146
483021
1167
ืชื•ื“ื”.
08:04
(Applause and cheers)
147
484188
4421
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7