How Black Queer Culture Shaped History | Channing Gerard Joseph | TED

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2023-02-02 ・ TED


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How Black Queer Culture Shaped History | Channing Gerard Joseph | TED

59,864 views ・ 2023-02-02

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JW Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:04
Hello folks, I'd like to start with a song
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, λ…Έλž˜λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ 볼까 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:07
and the lyrics of the song are:
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κ°€μ‚¬λŠ” μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
"Walk light, ladies, the cake's all dough.
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β€œκ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.
00:14
You need not mind the weather if the wind don't blow."
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λ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.”
00:19
So if you can repeat after me,
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μ €λ₯Ό λ”°λΌν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
00:21
"Walk light ladies, the cake's all dough."
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β€œκ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.”
00:23
Audience: "Walk light, ladies, the cake's all dough."
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(청쀑: β€œκ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.”)
00:26
CGJ: "You needn't mind the weather if the wind don't blow."
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채닝: β€œλ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.”
00:29
Audience: "You needn't mind the weather if the wind don't blow."
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(청쀑: β€œλ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.”)
채닝: μ’‹μ•„μš”, μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ , 이제 μ œκ°€ λΆˆλŸ¬λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
00:32
CGJ: Ok, so you got it. So I’ll sing.
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β€κ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.
00:33
(Singing) β€œWalk light, ladies, the cake’s all dough,
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λ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.
00:36
you needn’t mind the weather if the wind don’t blow.
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κ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.
λ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.
00:39
Walk light, ladies, the cake’s all dough,
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κ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.
00:41
you needn’t mind the weather if the wind don’t blow. ...
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λ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.
00:44
Walk light, ladies, the cake's all dough,
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κ°€λ³κ²Œ 걸어라, μˆ™λ…€λ“€μ•„, μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아직 λ°˜μ£½μ΄μ•Ό.
00:46
you needn’t mind the weather if the wind don’t blow.”
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λ‚ μ”¨λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“Έ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄, λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄.”
00:50
Hardly anyone knows that song anymore,
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이 λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 이제 거의 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
00:52
but it was a popular one during the slavery era.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ 있던 μ‹œλŒ€μ—λŠ” 인기 μžˆλŠ” λ…Έλž˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Black Americans sang it on holidays
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흑인 미ꡭ인은 νœ΄μΌμ— 이 λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λΆˆλ €κ³ 
00:59
and during a dance contest called a cakewalk.
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β€˜μΌ€μ΄ν¬μ›Œν¬β€™λΌλŠ” μΆ€ κ²½μ—° 쀑에도 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
But what you may not know is that drag queens probably sang it
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹€ 사싀은 이 λ…Έλž˜λŠ” β€˜λ“œλž™ν€Έβ€™λ“€μ΄
초기 λ―Έκ΅­ 퀴어 νŒŒν‹°λ“€μ—μ„œ λΆˆλ €μ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
at some of the earliest queer balls in the United States.
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01:12
And you also may not know
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이것도 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ…¨κ² μ§€λ§Œ
01:13
that drag culture shares a history with African-American emancipation.
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λ“œλž™ λ¬Έν™”λŠ” 아프리카계 미ꡭ인의 ν•΄λ°©κ³Ό 역사λ₯Ό 같이 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
The reason you don't know is that Black queer communities
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ” 흑인 퀴어 곡동체듀이
01:23
have largely been erased from history.
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μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ λΆ€λΆ„ μ§€μ›Œμ Έμ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:27
That's in part due to the fact
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01:29
that so much historical research begins with genealogy.
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λŒ€κ°œ 역사 연ꡬ가 κ³„λ³΄ν•™μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
And what is genealogy?
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계보학이 뭐죠?
01:36
It's basically a record of heterosexual behavior:
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기본적으둜 μ΄μ„±μ• μžμ μΈ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ κΈ°λ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
mother, father, child;
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆ, 아버지, μžμ‹,
01:42
birth, marriage, inheritance.
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μΆœμƒ, 결혼, 상속.
01:44
But another reason is that historians of all colors
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μΈμ’…μ˜ 역사가듀이
01:47
have looked down on Black queer folks like me
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μ € 같은 흑인 퀴어듀을 업신여겨왔기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
as immoral, deviant,
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λΆ€λ„λ•ν•˜κ³ , μΌνƒˆμ μ΄κ³ ,
01:54
distasteful, diseased,
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λΆˆμΎŒν•˜κ³  병적이고, μœ„ν—˜ν•˜λ‹€κ³ κΉŒμ§€ ν•˜μ£ .
01:56
even dangerous.
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01:58
And the long-term impact of that
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λ„
02:00
is that many of us don't learn
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:04
how Black queer people have shaped history.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 흑인 퀴어듀이 역사λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ™”λŠ”μ§€λ₯Όμš”.
02:07
People like Bayard Rustin,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ°”μ΄μ–΄λ“œ λŸ¬μŠ€ν‹΄μ€
02:10
a gay Black man who organized the March on Washington in 1963,
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1963λ…„ μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ 행진을 μ‘°μ§ν•œ 흑인 λ™μ„±μ• μžλ‘œ,
02:14
leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Act.
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민ꢌ μš΄λ™μ˜ 문을 μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
Or Frances Thompson, a formerly enslaved Black woman,
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ν”„λžœμ‹œμŠ€ ν†°μŠ¨μ€ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€λ˜ 흑인 여성인데
νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μ„ λ•ŒλŠ” λ‚¨μ„±μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:21
assigned male at birth,
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02:23
whose harrowing congressional testimony
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1866λ…„ λ©€ν”ΌμŠ€ 인쒅 λŒ€ν•™μ‚΄μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ˜νšŒμ—μ„œ ν•œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ°Έν˜Ήν•œ 증언이
02:25
about the Memphis race riots of 1866
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02:28
helped shape the course of Reconstruction
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미ꡭ의 β€˜μž¬κ±΄β€™μ΄ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ°–μΆ”λŠ” κ±Έ 도왔고
02:31
and galvanized support for the 14th Amendment,
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μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 14쑰에 λŒ€ν•œ 지지λ₯Ό μ΄‰λ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
which provided Black Americans with citizenship rights
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μ΄λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ ν‘μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³ 
02:37
and the promise of equal protection.
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ν‰λ“±ν•œ λ³΄ν˜ΈλΌλŠ” 약속을 ν–ˆμ£ .
02:41
As an effeminate Black kid growing up in Louisiana,
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μ—¬μ„±μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 흑인 μ•„μ΄μ˜€λ˜ μ €λŠ” λ£¨μ΄μ§€μ• λ‚˜μ—μ„œ μžλΌλ©΄μ„œ
02:44
I was bullied a lot.
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μ™•λ”°λ₯Ό 많이 λ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
In elementary school,
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μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 아이듀이 μ €λ₯Ό μ—¬μžμ• λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €κ³ 
02:48
the other kids called me a girl
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02:50
and I felt out of place almost all the time.
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μ €λŠ” 거의 항상 제 자리λ₯Ό 찾지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
If I had learned in school
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λ§Œμ•½ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ 흑인 ν€΄μ–΄λ“€μ˜ ν™œμ•½μ„ 배웠더라면
02:56
about the contributions of Black queer people,
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02:59
it would have made an enormous impact on my life.
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그건 제 인생에 λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 미쳀을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
I think recovering these histories can save kids' lives.
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이런 역사듀을 λ³΅μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ 살릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
But after spending the last 15 years
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€λ‚œ 15λ…„ κ°„,
03:09
researching and writing about these topics,
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이 주제λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  글을 μ“°λ©΄μ„œ 이런 생각이 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
I would like to make the case
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03:14
that learning Black queer history
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흑인 퀴어 역사λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” 것은
03:17
is crucial to understanding our shared history.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³ μš”.
03:20
So you've probably heard
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μ•„λ§ˆ 듀어보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
that the fight for queer liberation began with the Stonewall uprising.
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퀴어 ν•΄λ°©μ˜ 싸움은 μŠ€ν†€μ›” ν•­μŸμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λλ‹€κ³ μš”.
03:26
New York police raided a queer bar in 1969.
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1969년에 λ‰΄μš• 경찰이 ν•œ 퀴어 λ°”λ₯Ό κΈ‰μŠ΅ν–ˆκ³ .
03:30
Riots followed and magically,
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폭동이 μ΄μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ , 그러자 λ§ˆλ²•μ²˜λŸΌ,
03:34
a celebration of pride was born.
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ν”„λΌμ΄λ“œ μΆ•μ œκ°€ νƒ„μƒν–ˆμ£ .
03:37
The problem is, that's not true.
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 이게 사싀이 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
(Laughs)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:41
Queer pride did not arise out of nowhere.
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퀴어 ν”„λΌμ΄λ“œλŠ” λ³„μ•ˆκ°„ μƒκ²¨λ‚œ 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
There had to be a foundation of self-acceptance
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자기 μˆ˜μš©μ΄λΌλŠ” ν† λŒ€κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
03:49
and solidarity in place already.
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μœ λŒ€κ°€ λ¨Όμ € μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
03:51
And in fact,
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사싀 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
many people had been working for decades
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03:54
to build the courageous and confident community
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μš©κ°ν•˜κ³  λ‹Ήλ‹Ήν•œ 곡동체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
03:57
that made Stonewall, pride
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μŠ€ν†€μ›” ν•­μŸ, ν”„λΌμ΄λ“œ 헹진,
04:00
and eventually, marriage equality possible.
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 동성 κ²°ν˜Όλ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
04:03
One of those people was William Dorsey Swann,
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그쀑 ν•œ λͺ…인 μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ 도λ₯΄μ‹œ μŠ€μ™„μ€
04:08
the first drag queen.
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졜초의 β€˜λ“œλž™ν€Έβ€™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Swann was born into slavery in Maryland just before the Civil War.
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μŠ€μ™„μ€ λ§€λ¦¬λžœλ“œμ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
남뢁 μ „μŸ μ§μ „μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
04:15
In the 1880s, as a young adult,
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1880λ…„λŒ€, 청년이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ DC둜 떠났고
04:18
he moved to Washington, DC
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04:20
to find work to help support his parents and siblings.
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λΆ€λͺ¨μ™€ ν˜•μ œμžλ§€λ“€μ„ 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ 일을 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
In Washington, he found the Emancipation Day parade,
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆν•΄λ°©μ˜ λ‚  행진을 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
an enormous annual celebration
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그것은 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ—°λ‘€ ν–‰μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ
04:31
commemorating the end of slavery in the US capitol.
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미ꡭ의 μˆ˜λ„μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ λλ‚œ 것을 κΈ°λ…ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:34
The highlights of the parade were called queens:
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ν–‰μ§„μ˜ ν•˜μ΄λΌμ΄νŠΈλŠ” β€˜ν€Έ(μ—¬μ™•)λ“€β€™μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Beautiful, crowned Black women
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왕관을 μ“΄ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 흑인 μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œ
04:40
who personified African-Americans' newfound freedom.
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아프리카계 미ꡭ인듀이 μƒˆλ‘œ 찾은 자유의 μ˜μΈν™”μ˜€μ£ .
04:44
The queens of Emancipation Day so inspired Swann,
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λ…Έμ˜ˆν•΄λ°©μ˜ 날에 λ‚˜μ˜¨ 퀸듀에 μŠ€μ™„μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ 감λͺ…을 λ°›μ•„μ„œ
04:47
that he adopted the title "queen" for himself
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β€˜ν€Έβ€™μ΄λΌκ³  이름을 λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
at the secret dance
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그와 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ β€˜λ“œλž™β€™μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯Έ λΉ„λ°€ 좀을 μΆ”λŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œμš”.
04:51
that he and his friends called "a drag."
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04:54
The word "drag" possibly comes from a contraction of "grand rag,"
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β€˜λ“œλž™β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ β€˜λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λˆ„λ”κΈ°β€™μ—μ„œ 왔을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
which is an early term for a masquerade ball.
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초기 κ°€μž₯ λ¬΄λ„νšŒμ—μ„œ μ“°λ˜ μš©μ–΄μ˜€μ£ .
05:01
So although people assigned male at birth have dressed in feminine clothing
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였랜 μ„Έμ›” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚¨μ„±μœΌλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:06
for all sorts of reasons throughout the centuries,
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μ˜¨κ°– 이유둜 μ—¬μ„±μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ˜·μ„ μž…μ–΄μ™”μ§€λ§Œ
05:09
the term "drag queen" began with Swann,
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β€˜λ“œλž™ν€Έβ€™μ΄λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λŠ” μŠ€μ™„μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
who was the earliest documented person to call himself a queen
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μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ΄ β€˜λ“œλž™β€™μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ—¬μž₯ νŒŒν‹°μ—μ„œ
05:16
of a cross-dressing party described by its participants as a drag.
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μžμ‹ μ„ β€˜ν€Έβ€™μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 기둝된 인물인 κ±°μ£ .
05:21
The title queen signified
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β€˜ν€Έ(μ—¬μ™•)β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” λͺ…μΉ­μ—μ„œ
05:23
that Swann held an honored place in the community.
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μŠ€μ™„μ΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ 영예둜운 μžλ¦¬μ— μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 있죠.
05:27
But the term "queen" is even more important
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ β€˜ν€Έβ€™μ΄λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λŠ” 훨씬 더 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
because it's one of the earliest positive terms
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 우리 퀴어듀이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ“΄
05:33
that queer people had to describe ourselves.
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졜초의 긍정적인 μš©μ–΄ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:36
In the 1880s,
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1880λ…„λŒ€μ—λŠ” 아직
05:38
positive terms like "transgender" and "non-binary" didn't exist yet.
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β€˜νŠΈλžœμŠ€μ  λ”β€˜λ‚˜ β€˜λ…Όλ°”μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬β€™ 같은 긍정적인 μš©μ–΄κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
"Homosexual" was a word only used by Germans.
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β€˜λ™μ„±μ• μžβ€™λŠ” λ…μΌμ—μ„œλ§Œ μ“°λ˜ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
And although "gay," "lesbian" and "bisexual" were English words,
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β€˜κ²Œμ΄β€˜, β€˜λ ˆμ¦ˆλΉ„μ–Έβ€˜, β€˜μ–‘μ„±μ• μžβ€™λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ λ‹¨μ–΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
05:52
they didn't mean what they mean today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κ³Ό 같은 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκ³ 
05:54
and they weren't used to self-identify.
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자기 정체화에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
So it can be tempting to apply modern identities to people of a distant past.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 정체성을 과거의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ² μ§€λ§Œ
06:02
But if we do so,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
06:04
we often fail to consider and respect
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그듀이 κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•œ 방식을
κ³ λ €ν•˜κ³  μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ‹€νŒ¨ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
the ways that they thought of themselves.
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06:13
Right?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
06:14
If we fail to consider how our ancestors thought of themselves,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쑰상듀이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄
06:17
we risk erasing a crucial element of our shared history.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ 역사에 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ§€μ›Œλ²„λ¦΄ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:22
Swann's balls were raided numerous times by the DC police
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경찰은 μŠ€μ™„μ˜ νŒŒν‹°λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ°¨λ‘€ μŠ΅κ²©ν–ˆκ³ 
06:26
leading to jail time
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κ²°κ΅­ μŠ€μ™„μ€ κ΅λ„μ†Œμ— κ°€κ³ 
06:28
and eventually a public petition and a bid for a presidential pardon.
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κ΅­λ―Ό 청원과 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ‚¬λ©΄κΉŒμ§€ μ–»μœΌλ € λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
That makes Swann the earliest documented American activist
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μŠ€μ™„μ€ 퀴어 곡동체 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 법적 절차λ₯Ό λ°Ÿμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 기둝된
06:36
to take legal steps to defend the queer community.
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졜초의 미ꡭ인 ν™œλ™κ°€κ°€ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
당ꡭ은 μŠ€μ™„μ„ 막지 λͺ»ν–ˆκ³ 
06:41
But the authorities couldn't stop Swann
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06:43
and couldn't stop the balls from continuing
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νŒŒν‹°κ°€ κ³„μ†λ˜μ–΄
λ‹€λ₯Έ λ„μ‹œλ‘œ νΌμ§€λŠ” 것도 막지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
and expanding to other cities.
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06:50
Today, queer drag is mainstream.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , 퀴어 λ“œλž™μ€ μ£Όλ₯˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
From β€œParis is Burning” to β€œPose” to β€œRuPaul’s Drag Race”
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β€™νŒŒλ¦¬ 이즈 λ²„λ‹β€˜λΆ€ν„° β€˜ν¬μ¦ˆβ€˜, β€™λ£¨ν΄μ˜ λ“œλž˜κ·Έ λ ˆμ΄μŠ€β€™κΉŒμ§€,
그리고 β€˜ν€Έβ€™λ“€μ΄ λ―Έ(美)와 λŒ„μŠ€μ˜ 경연을 μ£Όμž¬ν•˜λŠ”
06:59
and the houses of 21st century ballroom culture,
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07:04
which feature queens who preside over beauty and dance contests,
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21μ„ΈκΈ° λ³Όλ£Έ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ”
07:10
have maintained the same basic structure as Swann's 19th-century community.
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μŠ€μ™„μ˜ 19μ„ΈκΈ° 곡동체와 같은 κΈ°λ³Έ 틀을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
The history of DC's Emancipation Day has largely been forgotten,
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ λ…Έμ˜ˆν•΄λ°©μ˜ λ‚ μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μžŠν˜€μ Έμ™”μ§€λ§Œ
07:21
but the power to choose how we define ourselves, as Swann did,
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μŠ€μ™„μ΄ κ·Έλž¬λ“―, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우리λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ •μ˜ν• μ§€λ₯Ό μ •ν•˜λŠ” νž˜μ€
07:27
is more important now than ever.
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μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
And as long as the term "queen" lives on,
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β€˜ν€Έβ€™μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어가 μ‚΄μ•„ μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ€
07:33
anyone who participates in
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λ“œλž™ 경연에 μ°Έκ°€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ“ , λ³΄λŠ” 것을 μ¦κΈ°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ“ ,
07:35
or enjoys watching drag competitions
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07:38
is paying homage to a century-and-a-half long celebration
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ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ° λ°˜μ„ 이어져 온 아프리카계 미ꡭ인 ν•΄λ°© 기념 행사에
경의λ₯Ό ν‘œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
of African-American emancipation.
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07:47
And William Dorsey Swann is just one example.
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ 도λ₯΄μ‹œ μŠ€μ™„μ€ κ·Έμ € ν•œ 예일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
How many other Black queer stories
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 흑인 ν€΄μ–΄μ˜ 이야기가
07:55
have been erased from the historical record?
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역사 κΈ°λ‘μ—μ„œ μ§€μ›Œμ Έ μ™”μ„κΉŒμš”?
07:59
And what could those stories teach us about who we are?
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κ·Έ 이야기듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€μ— κ΄€ν•΄ 무엇을 κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ€„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
Thank you.
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08:04
(Applause and cheers)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)(ν™˜ν˜Έ)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

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