The crisis of leadership — and a new way forward | Halla Tómasdóttir and Bryn Freedman

61,285 views

2019-05-29 ・ TED


New videos

The crisis of leadership — and a new way forward | Halla Tómasdóttir and Bryn Freedman

61,285 views ・ 2019-05-29

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
0
0
7000
00:12
Bryn Freedman: So you keep talking about leadership
1
12517
2623
00:15
as a real crisis of conformity.
2
15164
2453
00:17
Can you explain to us what you mean by that?
3
17641
2332
00:19
What do you see as a crisis of conformity?
4
19997
2354
00:22
Halla Tómasdóttir: I think it's a crisis of conformity
5
22375
2559
00:24
when we continue to do business and lead in the way we always have,
6
24958
3564
00:28
yet the evidence is overwhelming
7
28546
2717
00:31
that the world needs us to change our ways.
8
31287
2482
00:34
So let's look a little bit at that evidence.
9
34390
2078
00:37
Science has told us that we're facing a climate crisis,
10
37124
3251
00:40
yet 40 percent of board directors
11
40399
2096
00:42
don't think climate belongs in the boardroom.
12
42519
2435
00:45
And we have kids marching in the streets now,
13
45704
2580
00:48
asking us to be accountable for their future.
14
48308
3025
00:51
We have a crisis of inequality.
15
51822
2160
00:54
We have Yellow Jackets not just in the streets of France,
16
54006
2707
00:56
but all over the world,
17
56737
1443
00:58
and yet we continue to see examples
18
58204
2159
01:00
of businesses and other leaders fueling that anger.
19
60387
4046
01:04
BF: Do you think the pitchforks are coming?
20
64923
2045
01:06
HT: I definitely think this is not sustainable.
21
66992
2266
01:09
And the reason why it's so difficult
22
69282
2245
01:11
for us to deal with these complicated crises that are interrelated
23
71551
4347
01:15
is that we are at the lowest levels of trust we've ever been at.
24
75922
3177
01:19
In the UK, three percent of people trust their government
25
79513
2781
01:22
to solve the Brexit crisis,
26
82318
1657
01:23
and that was in December.
27
83999
1367
01:25
I think it's probably gone down since then.
28
85390
2286
01:27
BF: What do you think new leadership actually looks like?
29
87700
3292
01:31
HT: We need courageous leaders,
30
91016
2010
01:33
yet they have to be humble.
31
93050
1667
01:34
And they have to be guided by a moral compass,
32
94741
3120
01:37
and the moral compass is the combination of having a social purpose --
33
97885
3744
01:41
you can't have your license to operate anymore
34
101653
2651
01:44
without a purpose that contributes to society,
35
104328
2967
01:47
but what, to me, has been missing from that dialogue is a set of principles.
36
107319
4348
01:51
We cannot just define why we exist,
37
111691
2459
01:54
we have to define how we're going to do business
38
114174
2968
01:57
and how we're going to lead.
39
117166
1334
01:58
And to us, that has to be to solve these imminent crises:
40
118524
3895
02:02
the climate crisis,
41
122443
1230
02:03
the crisis of inequality
42
123697
1281
02:05
and the crisis of trust.
43
125002
1372
02:06
So at The B Team,
44
126398
1169
02:07
we embrace sustainability, equality and accountability as our principles.
45
127591
4723
02:12
BF: Do you think this whole question of purpose is really window dressing --
46
132338
5365
02:17
they're saying what they think people want to hear,
47
137727
2521
02:20
but they're actually not making the fundamental changes
48
140272
2686
02:22
that are necessary?
49
142982
1151
02:24
HT: A lot of people feel that way,
50
144157
1798
02:25
and I think there's a growing momentum behind that.
51
145979
2424
02:28
So I think the world is calling for responsible leadership now,
52
148427
2957
02:31
and any leader who wants to be around for the 21st century
53
151408
3041
02:34
really needs to start thinking courageously and holistically
54
154473
3006
02:37
how they're going to be part of the solution
55
157503
2049
02:39
and not window-dress anymore.
56
159576
1457
02:41
You have to do it for real now.
57
161057
1485
02:42
BF: Do you see anybody out there who's doing it
58
162566
2673
02:45
in a way that you think is actually effective
59
165263
2751
02:48
and has a real, long-term impact?
60
168038
2453
02:50
HT: Fortunately, we have some great leaders out there.
61
170883
2524
02:53
And just to give one example,
62
173431
1399
02:54
Emmanuel Faber, who's one of the newest members of The B Team,
63
174854
2959
02:57
he's the CEO of Danone,
64
177837
1205
02:59
the world's largest yogurt-maker and major food company --
65
179066
2788
03:01
a real global company.
66
181878
1442
03:03
He's so committed to sustainability
67
183344
1841
03:05
that he's not only changing the ways of his own business,
68
185209
2871
03:08
but his entire supply chain.
69
188104
1916
03:10
He's so committed to equality that when he took on as CEO
70
190044
3000
03:13
and he said gender balance matters,
71
193068
1778
03:14
he created a gender-balanced executive team
72
194870
2826
03:17
and gave men and women equal maternity and paternity leave.
73
197720
3698
03:21
He's so committed to accountability
74
201883
1824
03:23
that he turned his US operations into a B Corporation.
75
203731
3700
03:27
Now many of you may not know what that is,
76
207455
2057
03:29
but that's a company that holds itself responsible
77
209536
2394
03:31
for not just profit but its impact on people and the planet,
78
211954
3429
03:35
and transparently reports on their performance on all of that.
79
215407
3428
03:38
It's the largest B Corp in the world.
80
218859
2032
03:40
So to me, that's holistic, courageous leadership,
81
220915
2480
03:43
and it's really the vision we all need to hold.
82
223419
2913
03:46
BF: Is this "Back to the Future"?
83
226356
1573
03:47
I mean, I wonder, when I think about companies --
84
227953
2850
03:50
Anheuser-Busch comes to mind in America --
85
230827
2966
03:53
a 100-year-old company that invested in its community,
86
233817
2897
03:56
that gave a living wage
87
236738
1233
03:57
before it ended up, you know, losing and getting sold.
88
237995
2720
04:00
Are we really looking now for companies that are global and community citizens,
89
240739
4862
04:05
or is that something that is not even useful anymore?
90
245625
3655
04:09
HT: Well, you can do this for the reason that it's risky, actually,
91
249304
4189
04:13
to continue without doing the right thing now.
92
253517
2158
04:15
You can't attract the right talent,
93
255699
1682
04:17
you can't attract customers
94
257405
1302
04:18
and increasingly, you won't be able to attract capital.
95
258731
2572
04:21
You might do it for risk reasons,
96
261327
1586
04:22
you might do it for business opportunity reasons,
97
262937
2559
04:25
because this is where the growth is,
98
265520
2016
04:27
which is why many leaders are doing the right thing.
99
267560
2476
04:30
But at the end of the day,
100
270060
1782
04:31
we need to ask ourselves:
101
271866
1342
04:33
"Who are we holding ourselves accountable for?"
102
273232
2780
04:36
And if that isn't the next generation,
103
276036
1835
04:37
I don't know who.
104
277895
1428
04:39
So I want to just make very clear,
105
279347
1952
04:41
because we tend to think about leadership
106
281323
2031
04:43
as only those who sit in positions of power.
107
283378
3054
04:46
To me, leadership is not at all like that.
108
286456
2358
04:48
There's a leader inside every single one of us,
109
288838
2734
04:51
and our most important work in life is to release that leader.
110
291596
3507
04:55
And I think one of the greatest global examples we have
111
295127
2835
04:57
of someone who didn't --
112
297986
2522
05:00
no one gave her power --
113
300532
1439
05:01
is the 16-year-old girl called Greta Thunberg.
114
301995
2654
05:04
She's from Sweden,
115
304673
1162
05:05
and a few years ago, she really became --
116
305859
2372
05:08
she has Asperger's,
117
308255
1207
05:09
and she became passionate about our climate crisis --
118
309486
2521
05:12
learned everything about it.
119
312031
1334
05:13
And faced with the evidence,
120
313389
1354
05:14
she just felt so disappointed in her leadership
121
314767
2628
05:17
that she started striking in front of the Swedish parliament.
122
317419
3672
05:21
And now she has started a global movement,
123
321115
2019
05:23
and hundreds and thousands of school kids are out in the streets
124
323158
3058
05:26
asking us to hold ourselves accountable for their future.
125
326240
2992
05:29
No one gave her that authority,
126
329592
2528
05:32
and she now speaks to the leaders of the world, heads of state,
127
332144
3540
05:35
and really is impacting the world.
128
335708
1959
05:37
So I really think that when we think about leadership today,
129
337691
4060
05:41
it can't be defined to those in positions of power
130
341775
2381
05:44
though they have disproportionately greater responsibility.
131
344180
3656
05:47
But all of us need to think about,
132
347860
1813
05:49
"What am I doing?"
133
349697
1151
05:50
"How am I contributing?"
134
350872
1167
05:52
And we need to release that leader inside
135
352063
2012
05:54
and actually start making the positive impact
136
354099
2272
05:56
this world is calling for right now.
137
356395
1787
05:58
BF: But we have such hierarchical leadership.
138
358800
2308
06:01
I mean, I understand what you're saying --
139
361132
2032
06:03
it's nice to release the leader inside --
140
363188
2007
06:05
but in these corporations,
141
365219
1952
06:07
the truth is, it's extremely hierarchical.
142
367195
2605
06:09
What can companies do
143
369824
1851
06:11
to create less vertical and more horizontal relationships?
144
371699
4732
06:16
HT: Well, I'm a big believer and I've long been passionate
145
376455
2715
06:19
about closing the gender gap,
146
379194
1400
06:20
and I really believe gender-balanced leadership is the way to go
147
380618
3761
06:24
in order to embrace a leadership style that has been shown to be more powerful,
148
384403
5179
06:29
and that's when both men and women embrace
149
389606
2286
06:31
both masculine and feminine values.
150
391916
1850
06:34
It actually is proven in research
151
394084
1678
06:35
that that's the most effective leadership style.
152
395786
3202
06:39
But I'm increasingly now thinking about how we close the generational gap,
153
399012
4475
06:43
because look at these young children in the streets around the world --
154
403511
3364
06:46
they're asking us to lead.
155
406899
1298
06:48
Kofi Annan used to say, "You're never too young to lead."
156
408221
3616
06:51
And then he would add,
157
411861
1204
06:53
"Or too old to learn."
158
413089
1869
06:54
And I think we have now entered this era
159
414982
2107
06:57
where we need the wisdom of those with experience,
160
417113
3993
07:01
but we need the digital natives of the young generation
161
421130
3670
07:04
to co-mentor or to mentor us just as much as we can help
162
424824
3656
07:08
with wisdom from the older people.
163
428504
2550
07:11
So it's a new reality,
164
431078
1485
07:12
and these old, sort of hierarchical ways to think about things,
165
432587
3324
07:15
they're increasingly coming under pressure in this reality.
166
435935
3019
07:18
BF: And you've actually called that the hubris syndrome.
167
438978
2643
07:21
Can you talk about that?
168
441645
1242
07:22
HT: Well, yes, I think hubris is our cancer in leadership.
169
442911
4068
07:27
That's when leaders think they know it all,
170
447003
2602
07:29
can do it all, have all the answers
171
449629
1975
07:31
and don't think they need to surround themselves
172
451628
2239
07:33
with people who will make them better,
173
453891
1874
07:35
which to me would, in some cases, be more women and younger people
174
455789
3096
07:38
and people who are diverse and have different opinions in general.
175
458909
3316
07:42
Hubris syndrome is so present in leadership still,
176
462249
3924
07:46
and we know many examples of them,
177
466197
1621
07:47
I don't need to name them. And the problem with that --
178
467842
3012
07:50
(Laughter)
179
470878
1001
07:51
Yeah, we know them -- all over the world,
180
471903
2333
07:54
not just in this country.
181
474260
1513
07:55
But that kind of leadership doesn't unleash leaders in others.
182
475797
4043
08:00
No one person,
183
480315
1755
08:02
or no one sector even has the solutions we now need to come up with --
184
482094
4507
08:06
the creativity and collaboration we need.
185
486625
3188
08:10
The bold and the brave leadership we need to come up with solutions
186
490542
3968
08:14
that cross government, private sector, civil society, young people, older people,
187
494534
4847
08:19
people of all different backgrounds coming together is the way
188
499405
3604
08:23
to solve the issues that are in front of us.
189
503033
2093
08:25
BF: Do you see that kind of leadership coming from the bottom-up
190
505150
4493
08:29
or the top-down,
191
509667
1224
08:30
or do you think a crisis is going to force us
192
510915
2685
08:33
into a reexamination of all of this?
193
513624
2350
08:35
HT: Well, as someone who lived through the most infamous financial meltdown
194
515998
3525
08:39
in my home country, Iceland,
195
519547
1335
08:40
I hope we don't need another one to learn or to wake up.
196
520906
2815
08:44
But I do see that we can't choose one or the other.
197
524126
3412
08:47
We do have to transform the way we lead --
198
527875
4271
08:52
from the top, the boardroom, the CEOs --
199
532170
2214
08:54
we really do have to transform that,
200
534408
1738
08:56
but increasingly, we will transform that,
201
536170
2259
08:58
because we have these social movements coming from the bottom
202
538453
2982
09:01
and throughout society.
203
541459
1443
09:03
And the solutions exist.
204
543224
1780
09:05
The only thing that's missing is will.
205
545622
2414
09:08
So if we just all find a way to embrace a moral compass of our own
206
548928
5938
09:14
to figure out why we exist and how we're going to lead,
207
554890
4591
09:19
and if we embrace courage and humility in equal amounts,
208
559505
3934
09:23
each one of us can be part of this 10-year period
209
563463
4648
09:28
where we can dramatically transform the world we live in,
210
568135
3275
09:31
and make it just,
211
571434
1481
09:32
and make it about humanity and not just the financial markets.
212
572939
3384
09:36
BF: Well, we have a lot of people here who I bet have questions for you,
213
576347
3577
09:39
and we have a few minutes for questions,
214
579948
1906
09:41
so is there anybody that would like to ask Halla a question?
215
581878
4279
09:46
Audience: Hello, my name is Cheryl.
216
586640
1929
09:48
I'm an aspiring leader,
217
588593
1700
09:50
and I have a question about how you lead when you have no influence.
218
590317
6389
09:57
If I'm just an analyst,
219
597029
2114
09:59
and I want to speak to senior management
220
599167
2195
10:01
about a change that I feel will affect the whole company,
221
601386
2942
10:04
how do I go about changing their minds
222
604352
2392
10:06
when they feel as if they've had relationships that are set,
223
606768
3859
10:10
that their way of business is set?
224
610651
3214
10:13
How do you change minds when you have no influence?
225
613889
2498
10:16
HT: Well, thank you very much for that fantastic question.
226
616411
2737
10:19
So sometimes people at the top won't listen,
227
619172
2784
10:21
but it's interesting that with the low trust we have in society right now,
228
621980
3987
10:25
the greatest trust we have
229
625991
1863
10:27
is actually between the employee and the employer,
230
627878
3289
10:31
according to recent research.
231
631191
1639
10:32
So I think that relationship may be the most powerful way
232
632854
4052
10:36
to actually transform the way we do things.
233
636930
2299
10:39
So I would start by trying to build a coalition for your good idea.
234
639253
4253
10:43
And I don't know a single leader today who will not listen to a concern
235
643897
5734
10:49
that many of their employees hold.
236
649655
1685
10:51
I'll give you an example from another B Team leader,
237
651738
2697
10:54
Marc Benioff, the CEO of Salesforce.
238
654459
1739
10:56
He's really been outspoken on homelessness in San Francisco,
239
656222
3316
10:59
on LGBTQI rights,
240
659562
4152
11:03
and all of the things that he's been standing up for,
241
663738
2933
11:06
he does because his employees care about them.
242
666695
3098
11:09
So don't ever think you don't have power if you don't sit in a position of power.
243
669817
4226
11:14
Find the way to go convince him ...
244
674067
2464
11:16
or her.
245
676555
1166
11:17
And Marc, for example, was convinced to close the gender pay gap by two women
246
677745
4615
11:22
who worked inside of his organization,
247
682384
1926
11:24
who told him, "We have a gender pay gap."
248
684334
2448
11:26
He didn't believe it; he said, "Bring me the data."
249
686806
2407
11:29
They did, and he was smart enough to know he needed to do something about it,
250
689237
3699
11:32
and was one the first tech leaders to step up and do so voluntarily.
251
692960
3273
11:36
So don't ever think that you don't have power,
252
696656
2390
11:39
even if you don't sit in a position of power,
253
699070
2442
11:41
but find other people to support you
254
701536
2815
11:44
and make the case.
255
704375
2577
11:47
BF: Thank you.
256
707965
1150
11:49
Anybody else? Any other questions?
257
709139
1688
11:50
Audience: Hi, I'm overwhelmed by fascination
258
710851
1772
11:52
with everything you're saying, so thank you.
259
712647
2579
11:55
I just wanted to ask how, like, diversity in opinion and thought
260
715250
4415
11:59
and also background
261
719689
1334
12:01
has impacted your leadership ability.
262
721047
2303
12:03
And what do you think is the barricade that is limiting the overflow of diversity
263
723374
4991
12:08
in all business settings,
264
728389
1647
12:10
and what do you think can impact the change in that setting
265
730060
3877
12:13
but also to disrupt the overflow of generations of people staying in place?
266
733961
5781
12:19
And what do you think is the next step to breaking several glass ceilings?
267
739766
5058
12:24
BF: We're going to do an entire Salon just on that question.
268
744848
2904
12:27
(Laughter)
269
747776
1111
12:28
HT: I think Bryn said it well, but let me try and touch on it.
270
748911
2966
12:31
So the way I see gender, it is a spectrum --
271
751901
4661
12:36
you know, men also have gender.
272
756586
1529
12:38
We sometimes forget about that.
273
758139
2403
12:40
(Laughter)
274
760566
1001
12:41
We sometimes forget about that.
275
761591
1478
12:43
And I actually played a very masculine woman early in my career,
276
763093
3601
12:46
because those were the rules of the game.
277
766718
1954
12:48
And I achieved some success with it,
278
768696
1717
12:50
but fortunately, I got to a place
279
770437
1635
12:52
where I started embracing my feminine side as well.
280
772096
2468
12:54
But I would still say that the best leaders embrace both,
281
774588
2795
12:57
both women and men.
282
777407
1405
12:58
But I see gender, also,
283
778836
1631
13:00
as one of the most powerful levers to shift values in culture.
284
780491
4159
13:04
So the reason I'm so passionate about women in leadership
285
784674
2775
13:07
and believe that balance is needed
286
787473
3468
13:10
is because right now, our definition of success is incredibly masculine.
287
790965
5098
13:16
It's about financial profit alone or economic growth alone,
288
796526
4283
13:20
and we all know that we need more than money.
289
800833
2355
13:23
I mean, we need wellness:
290
803212
2307
13:25
well-being of people,
291
805543
1475
13:27
and there is no future beyond the well-being of our planet.
292
807042
4177
13:31
So I think gender may very well be one of the most powerful levers
293
811243
3853
13:35
to help all of us shift our economic and social systems
294
815120
3605
13:38
to be more welcoming.
295
818749
1420
13:40
And the answer to your last part --
296
820193
1698
13:41
it's so complicated, but let me try to give you a short one.
297
821915
3167
13:45
I believe that the way talent and consumption is shifting
298
825526
6217
13:51
is going to increasingly get companies
299
831767
2741
13:54
to look at adding difference into their leadership,
300
834532
3806
13:58
because sameness is not working --
301
838362
2472
14:00
BF: And difference is a superpower.
302
840858
1711
14:02
HT: Difference is a superpower.
303
842593
1478
14:04
BF: Thank you very much.
304
844095
1229
14:05
Halla, thank you so much, I wish we could talk to you all day.
305
845348
2915
14:08
(Applause and cheers)
306
848287
1001
14:09
HT: Thank you.
307
849312
1151
14:10
(Applause)
308
850487
1377
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7