How to Think Computationally About AI, the Universe and Everything | Stephen Wolfram | TED

427,615 views ใƒป 2023-10-31

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: DAHOU Mohamed ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Tarek Mamdouh
00:04
Human language, mathematics, logic.
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ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚.
00:08
These are all ways to formalize the world.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุฑู‚ ู„ุฅุถูุงุก ุงู„ุทุงุจุน ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
00:10
And in our century,
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ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ุŒ
00:12
there's a new and yet more powerful one: computation.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ: ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ.
00:16
For nearly 50 years,
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ู…ู†ุฐ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ 50 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
00:17
I've had the great privilege
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ุญุธูŠุช ุจุดุฑู ูƒุจูŠุฑ
00:19
of building up an ever-taller tower of science and technology
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ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฃุทูˆู„ ุจุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
00:22
that's based on that idea of computation.
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ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ.
00:25
And so today, I want to tell you a little bit about what that's led to.
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ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:29
There's a lot to talk about, so I'm going to go quickly.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฃุณุฑุน.
00:32
And sometimes I'm going to summarize in a sentence
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ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุณุฃู„ุฎุต ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
00:34
what I've written a whole book about.
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ู…ุง ูƒุชุจุช ุนู†ู‡ ูƒุชุงุจู‹ุง ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹.
00:37
But you know,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ
00:38
I last gave a TED talk 13 years ago,
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ุฃู„ู‚ูŠุช ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ููŠ ุชูŠุฏ ู‚ุจู„ 13 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
00:41
in February 2010,
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00:43
soon after WolframAlpha launched,
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ุจุนุฏ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆูˆู„ูุฑุงู…ุฃู„ูุงุŒ
00:45
and I ended that talk with a question.
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ูŠุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุจุณุคุงู„.
00:47
Question was,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆุŒ
00:49
is computation ultimately what's underneath everything
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ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ูƒูˆู†ู†ุงุŸ
00:52
in our universe?
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00:53
I gave myself a decade to find out.
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ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู†ูุณูŠ ุนู‚ุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู„ู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:56
And actually, it could have needed a century.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑู†.
00:58
But in April 2020, just after the decade mark,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃุจุฑูŠู„ 2020ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุŒ
01:02
we were thrilled to be able to announce
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ูƒู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู†ุนู„ู†
01:04
what seems to be the ultimate machine code of the universe.
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ุนู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูƒูˆู†.
01:08
And yes, it's computational.
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ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ.
01:11
So computation isn't just a possible formalization,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฅุถูุงุก ุงู„ุทุงุจุน ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุŒ
01:14
it's the ultimate one for our universe.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ูƒูˆู†ู†ุง.
01:18
It all starts from the idea that space, like matter, is made of discrete elements,
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ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ูุถุงุกุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุตู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู†ูุตู„ุฉุŒ
01:24
and from that structure of space and everything in it,
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ูˆู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ุŒ
01:28
it's defined just by a network of relations
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ูŠุชู… ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุดุจูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช
01:31
between these elements that we might call atoms of space.
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ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูุถุงุก.
01:35
So it's all very elegant, but deeply abstract.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุฃู†ูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุฑูŽู‘ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚.
01:39
But here's kind of a humanized representation,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุŒ
01:42
a version of the very beginning of the universe.
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ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†.
01:44
And what we're seeing here is the emergence of space
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ูˆู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
01:47
and everything in it
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ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡
01:49
by the successive application of very simple computational rules.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชุชุงุจุน ู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุฌุฏ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ.
01:52
And remember, these dots are not atoms in any existing space.
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ูˆุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู„ูŠุณุช ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูุถุงุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ.
01:56
They're atoms of space that get put together to make space.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู…ุนู‹ุง ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ูุถุงุก.
02:01
And yes, if we kept going long enough,
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ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุตู„ู†ุง ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉุŒ
02:03
we could build our whole universe this way.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจู†ุงุก ูƒูˆู†ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
02:06
So eons later,
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุฏู‡ูˆุฑุŒ
02:08
here's a chunk of space with two little black holes
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุจู‡ุง ุซู‚ุจูŠู† ุฃุณูˆุฏูŠู† ุตุบูŠุฑูŠู†ุŒ
02:11
that, if we wait a little while, will eventually merge,
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ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชุธุฑู†ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุณูˆู ูŠู†ุฏู…ุฌุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ
02:16
generating little ripples of gravitational radiation.
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ู„ูŠูˆู„ุฏุง ุชู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ.
02:20
And remember, all of this is built from pure computation.
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ูˆุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ.
02:24
But like fluid mechanics emerging from molecules,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฆุน ุงู„ู†ุงุดุฆุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุชุŒ
02:27
what emerges here is space-time and Einstein's equations for gravity,
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ูุฅู† ู…ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒู…ูƒุงู† ูˆู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุฃูŠู†ุดุชุงูŠู† ู„ู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉุŒ
02:32
though there are deviations that we just might be able to detect,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู†ุญุฑุงูุงุช ู‚ุฏ ู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุงุŒ
02:35
like that the dimensionality of space won't always be precisely three.
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ู…ุซู„ ุฃู† ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ู„ู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท.
02:40
And there's something else.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.
02:42
Our computational rules can inevitably be applied in many ways,
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุชู…ูŠุง ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏุฉ ุทุฑู‚ุŒ
02:46
each defining a different kind of thread of time,
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ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุญุฏุฏ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุท ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุŒ
02:49
a different path of history that can branch and merge.
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ู…ุณุงุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชูุฑุน ูˆูŠู†ุฏู…ุฌ.
02:53
But as observers embedded in this universe,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุตูุชู†ุง ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจูŠู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุŒ
02:56
we're branching and merging, too.
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุชูุฑุน ูˆู†ู†ุฏู…ุฌ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
02:57
And it turns out that quantum mechanics emerges as the story
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ูˆุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ูƒู… ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒู‚ุตุฉ
03:01
of how branching minds perceive a branching universe.
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ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุชูุฑุนุฉ ู„ู„ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุชูุฑู‘ุน.
03:05
So the little pink lines you might be able to see here
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
03:07
show the structure of what we call branchial space,
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ุชูุธู‡ุฑ ุจู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุดูˆู…ูŠุŒ
03:10
the space of quantum branches.
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ูุถุงุก ุงู„ูุฑูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู…ูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
03:12
And one of the stunningly beautiful things,
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ูˆุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉุŒ
03:14
at least for physicists like me,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ู…ุซู„ูŠุŒ
03:16
is that the same phenomenon that in physical space gives us gravity,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠุŒ
03:20
in branchial space gives us quantum mechanics.
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ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุดูˆู…ูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ูƒู….
03:24
So in the history of science so far,
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ู„ุฐุง ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
03:26
I think we can identify sort of four broad paradigms
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
03:30
for making models of the world that can be distinguished
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ู„ุตู†ุน ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง
03:33
kind of by how they deal with time.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุนุงู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
03:35
So in antiquity and in plenty of areas of science, even today,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
03:39
it's all about kind of, what are things made of.
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ูŠู†ุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุงุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
03:41
And time doesn't really enter.
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ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุง ูŠุคุฎุฐ ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ.
03:43
But in the 1600s came the idea of modeling things
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ุฌุงุกุช ููƒุฑุฉ ู†ู…ุฐุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
03:47
with mathematical formulas in which time enters,
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุตูŠุบ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฑุงุนู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
03:50
but basically just as a coordinate value.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ.
03:53
Then in the 1980s, and this is something in which I was deeply involved,
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ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุดุงุฑูƒุช ููŠู‡ ุจู‡ู…ุฉุŒ
03:57
came the idea of making models
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ุฌุงุกุช ููƒุฑุฉ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ
03:59
by starting with simple computational rules
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฏุก ุจู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
04:01
and just letting them run.
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ูˆุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„.
04:03
So can one predict what will happen?
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ูู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซุŸ
04:06
No.
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ู„ุง.
04:07
There's what I call computational irreducibility,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุŒ
04:10
in which, in effect, the passage of time corresponds to an irreducible computation
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุน ุญุณุงุจ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„
04:15
that we have to run in order to work out how it will turn out.
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ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡.
04:18
But now there's kind of something,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุงุŒ
04:20
something even more -- in our physics project,
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ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ููŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุŒ
04:23
thereโ€™s things that have become multi-computational,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุชุŒ
04:26
with many threads of time
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
04:27
that can only be knitted together by an observer.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฑุจุทู‡ุง ู…ุนู‹ุง ุฅู„ุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจ.
04:31
So it's kind of a new paradigm that actually seems to unlock things
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
04:34
not only in fundamental physics,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
04:36
but also in the foundations of mathematics and computer science,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจุŒ
04:39
and possibly in areas like biology and economics as well.
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
04:44
So I talked about building up the universe
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู† ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ูƒูˆู†
04:46
by repeatedly applying a computational rule.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ.
04:49
But how is that rule picked?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒูŠู ูŠุชู… ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉุŸ
04:51
Well, actually it isn't,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ
04:53
because all possible rules are used,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉุŒ
04:55
and we're building up what I call the ruliad,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุจู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏุŒ
04:58
the kind of deeply abstract but unique object
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ุดูŠุก ู…ุฌุฑูŽู‘ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูุฑูŠุฏ
05:00
that is the entangled limit of all possible computational processes.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจูƒ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ.
05:05
Here's a tiny fragment of it shown in terms of Turing machines.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆุถ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุขู„ุงุช ุชูˆุฑูŠู†ุฌ.
05:09
So this ruliad is everything.
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก.
05:13
And we as observers are necessarily part of it.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ูƒู…ุฑุงู‚ุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡.
05:17
In the ruliad as a whole,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ ูƒูƒู„ุŒ
05:18
in a sense, everything computationally possible can happen.
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ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุงุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุณุงุจูŠู‹ุง.
05:22
But observers like us just sample specific slices of the ruliad.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจูŠู† ุฃู…ุซุงู„ู†ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ูู‚ุท ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
05:26
And there are two crucial facts about us.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชุงู† ู…ู‡ู…ุชุงู† ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุตู†ุง.
05:29
First, we're computationally bounded, our minds are limited,
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู…ู‚ูŠุฏูˆู† ุญุณุงุจูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุนู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉุŒ
05:33
and second, we believe we're persistent in time,
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ูˆุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุณุชู…ุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
05:36
even though we're made of different atoms of space at every moment.
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ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุก ููŠ ูƒู„ ู„ุญุธุฉ.
05:39
So then, here's the big result.
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ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
05:41
What observers with those characteristics perceive in the ruliad
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ู…ุง ูŠู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจูˆู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ
05:45
necessarily follows certain laws.
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ูŠุชุจุน ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ.
05:48
And those laws turn out to be precisely
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ูˆุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู„ูŠุณุช ุณูˆู‰
05:50
the three key theories of 20th century physics:
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ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†:
05:53
general relativity, quantum mechanics,
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ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ูƒู…
05:55
and statistical mechanics in the second law.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ.
05:58
So it's because we're observers like us
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ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจูˆู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
06:01
that we perceive the laws of physics we do.
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง.
06:04
We can think of sort of different minds
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
06:06
as being at different places in rulial space.
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ุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ุจุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
06:09
Human minds who think alike are nearby,
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ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููƒุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉุŒ
06:11
animals further away,
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ูˆุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉุŒ
06:13
and further out, we get to kind of alien minds
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ูˆุฃุจุนุฏุŒ ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูุถุงุฆูŠุฉ
06:15
where it's hard to make a translation.
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ.
06:18
So how can we get intuition for all of this?
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ููƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏุณ ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
06:20
Well, one thing we can do is use generative AI
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏูŠ
06:23
to take what amounts to an incredibly tiny slice of the ruliad
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ู„ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุฌุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ
06:26
aligned with images we humans have produced.
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ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ.
06:30
We can think of this as sort of a place in the ruliad
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ
06:32
described by using the concept of a cat in a party hat.
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ูŠูˆุตู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชุตูˆุฑ ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุญูู„ ู‚ุจุนุงุช.
06:37
So zooming out, we saw there
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุชุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ
06:40
what we might call Cat Island.
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ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุท.
06:42
Pretty soon weโ€™re in a kind of an inter-concept space.
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ู„ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู….
06:45
Occasionally things will look familiar,
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ุญูŠุซ ุณุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุฃู„ูˆูุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงุŒ
06:47
but mostly, what we'll see is things we humans don't have words for.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุณู†ุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู„ู‡ุง.
06:52
In physical space, we explore the universe
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ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠุŒ ู†ุณุชูƒุดู ุงู„ูƒูˆู†
06:54
by sending out spacecraft.
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅุฑุณุงู„ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูุถุงุฆูŠุฉ.
06:56
In rulial space, we explore more
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ููŠ ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏุŒ ู†ุณุชูƒุดู ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ
06:59
by expanding our concepts and our paradigms.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู…ู†ุง ูˆู†ู…ุงุฐุฌู†ุง.
07:02
We can kind of get a sense of what's out there
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
07:04
by sampling possible rules,
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉุŒ
07:06
doing what I call ruliology.
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ.
07:08
So even with incredibly simple rules,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
07:10
there's incredible richness.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซุฑุงุก ู…ุฐู‡ู„.
07:12
But the issue is that most of it doesn't yet connect
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุตู„ ุจุนุฏ
07:15
with things we humans understand or care about.
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ุจุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‡ุชู… ุจู‡ุง.
07:18
It's like when we look at the natural world
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
07:20
and only gradually realize that we can use features of it for technology.
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ูˆู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠู‹ุง ูู‚ุท ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ูŠุฒุงุชู‡ ู„ู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
07:24
So even after everything our civilization has achieved,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุญู‚ู‚ุชู‡ ุญุถุงุฑุชู†ุงุŒ
07:27
we're just at the very, very beginning of exploring rulial space.
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ูู†ุญู† ู…ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ ูู‚ุท.
07:31
What about AIs?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุŸ
07:33
Well, just like we can do ruliology,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃุŒ
07:35
AIs can in principle go out and explore rulial space.
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ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ.
07:38
Left to their own devices, though,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชูุฑูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุชู‡ู…ุŒ
07:40
they'll mostly just be doing things
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ูุณูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
07:42
we humans don't connect with or care about.
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ู„ุง ู†ุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‡ุชู… ุจู‡ุง.
07:45
So the big achievements of AI in recent times
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง
07:47
have been about making systems that are closely aligned with us humans.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุตู†ุน ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุชุชู…ุงุดู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุซูŠู‚ ู…ุนู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ.
07:51
We train LLMs on billions of web pages so they can produce texts
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ู†ุฒูˆุฏ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจู…ู„ุงูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุญุงุช ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ู„ุชู†ุชุฌ ู†ุตูˆุตู‹ุง
07:54
that's typical of what we humans write.
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ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจู…ุง ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ.
07:57
And yes, the fact that this works
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ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ุฌุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
07:59
is undoubtedly telling us some deep scientific things
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ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจู„ุง ุดูƒ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ
08:01
about the semantic grammar of language
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุฉ
08:04
and generalizations of things like logic
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ูˆุชุนู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚
08:06
that perhaps we should have known centuries ago.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุจู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ู…ู†ุฐ ู‚ุฑูˆู† ู…ุถุช.
08:08
You know, for much of human history,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉุŒ
08:10
we were kind of like the LLMs,
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ูƒู†ุง ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ู…ุซู„ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
08:12
figuring things out by kind of matching patterns in our minds.
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ู†ูƒุชุดู ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุฃุฐู‡ุงู†ู†ุง.
08:16
But then came more systematic formalization and eventually computation.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฌุงุกุช ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅุถูุงุก ุงู„ุทุงุจุน ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู.
08:20
And with that, we got a whole other level of power to truly create new things
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ
08:24
and to, in effect, go wherever we want in the ruliad.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
08:28
But the challenge is to do that in a way that connects with what we humans,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ูŠูƒู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
08:32
and our AIs, understand.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ.
08:34
In fact, I've devoted a large part of my life
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุฑุณุช ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชูŠ
08:37
to kind of trying to build that bridge.
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ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ.
08:39
It's all been about creating a language for expressing ourselves computationally,
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู„ุบุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุญุณุงุจูŠู‹ุงุŒ
08:43
a language for computational thinking.
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ู„ุบุฉ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠ.
08:46
The goal is to formalize what we know about the world in computational terms,
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ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ูˆ ุฅุถูุงุก ุงู„ุทุงุจุน ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุนู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉุŒ
08:51
to have computational ways to represent cities and chemicals and movies
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ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑู‚ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…
08:54
and humor and formulas and our knowledge about them.
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ูˆุงู„ููƒุงู‡ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠุบ ูˆู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง.
08:58
Itโ€™s been a vast undertaking that spanned more than four decades of my life,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุงู…ุชุฏุช ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชูŠุŒ
09:03
but it's something very unique and different.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ูุฑูŠุฏ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ู ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
09:05
But I'm happy to report that in what has been Mathematica
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ู„ูƒู† ูŠุณุนุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู† ุนู† ุฃู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠูุนุฑู ุจู†ุธุงู… ู…ุงุซู…ุงุชูŠูƒุง
09:08
and is now the Wolfram Language,
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ูˆุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุบุฉ ูˆู„ูุฑุงู…ุŒ
09:10
I think we firmly succeeded in creating
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุฌุญู†ุง ู†ุฌุงุญู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู„ุบุฉ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚.
09:13
a truly full-scale computational language.
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09:16
In effect,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ
09:17
every one of these functions here can be thought of as formalizing
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ู‡ู†ุง ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุฅุถูุงุก ู„ู„ุทุงุจุน ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ
09:21
and encapsulating, in computational terms,
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ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุฎูŠุตุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉุŒ
09:23
some facet of the intellectual achievements of our civilization.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุญุถุงุฑุชู†ุง.
09:27
It's sort of the most concentrated form of intellectual expression that I know,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠุบ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุŒ
09:31
sort of finding the essence of everything and coherently expressing it
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ูƒุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชู…ุงุณูƒ
09:34
in the design of our computational language.
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ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู„ุบุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ.
09:37
For me personally,
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ุงุŒ
09:38
it's been an amazing journey, kind of, year after year,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆู†ุŒ
09:41
building the sort of tower of ideas and technology that's needed.
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ู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃุจุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ.
09:44
And nowadays sharing that process with the world
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ูˆู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
09:46
in things like open live streams and so on.
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ุจูˆุณุงุฆู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจุซ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
09:49
A few centuries ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุจุถุนุฉ ู‚ุฑูˆู†ุŒ
09:50
the development of mathematical notation,
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ุฃุนุทู‰ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุŒ
09:53
and what amounts to the language of mathematics,
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ
09:55
gave a systematic way to express math and made possible algebra and calculus,
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ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ูˆุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‹ุงุŒ
10:01
and eventually all of modern mathematical science.
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ูˆููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ.
10:04
And computational language now provides a similar path,
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ูˆุชุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑุŒ
10:07
letting us ultimately create a computational X
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุณุงุจูŠ
10:11
for all imaginable fields X.
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ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ุง.
10:14
I mean, we've seen the growth of computer science, CS,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจุŒ
10:17
but computational language opens up something ultimately much bigger
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ ุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ู„ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุจุฑ
10:20
and broader, CX.
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ูˆุฃูˆุณุน ู†ุทุงู‚ู‹ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠ.
10:23
I mean, for 70 years we've had programming languages
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ 70 ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู„ุบุงุช ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุชู‡ุฏู
10:25
which are about telling computers in their terms what to do.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุจู„ุบุชู‡ุง ุจู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ูุนู„ู‡.
10:29
But computational language
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ
10:30
is about something intellectually much bigger.
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ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠุฉ.
10:33
It's about taking everything we can think about
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ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
10:35
and operationalizing it in computational terms.
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ูˆุชุดุบูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ.
10:38
You know, I built the Wolfram Language
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูŠุช ู„ุบุฉ ูˆู„ูุฑุงู…
10:40
first and foremost because I wanted to use it myself.
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ูˆู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณูŠ.
10:43
And now when I use it,
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงุŒ
10:44
I feel like it's kind of giving me some kind of superpower.
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ุฃุดุนุฑ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ู†ุญู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ.
10:47
I just have to imagine something in computational terms.
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ุนู„ูŠู‘ ูู‚ุท ุฃู† ุฃุชุฎูŠู„ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ.
10:51
And then the language sort of almost magically lets me bring it into reality,
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ูˆุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุดุจู‡ ุณุญุฑูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุจุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ
10:55
see its consequences, and build on them.
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ูˆุฑุคูŠุฉ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
10:57
And yes, that's the sort of superpower
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ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ
10:59
that's let me do things like our physics project.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ูŠ ุจูุนู„ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒู…ุดุฑูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠ.
11:01
And over the past 35 years,
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุงุฑ 35 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
11:03
it's been my great privilege to share this superpower with many other people,
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ูƒุงู† ุดุฑูู‹ุง ุนุธูŠู…ู‹ุง ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ
11:07
and by doing so,
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ูˆุจูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
11:08
to have enabled an incredible number of advances across many fields.
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ุชู…ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ุฅุญุฑุงุฒ ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ุง ูŠูุตุฏู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช.
11:13
It's sort of a wonderful thing to see people, researchers, CEOs, kids,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
11:17
using our language to fluently think in computational terms,
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู„ุบุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุณู„ุงุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉุŒ
11:20
kind of crispening up their own thinking,
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ูˆุชุญุณูŠู† ุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ู… ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุงุŒ
11:23
and then in effect, automatically calling in computational superpowers.
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ุซู… ุชูุนูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุง.
11:27
And now it's not just people who can do that.
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ูˆุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
11:29
AIs can use our computational language as a tool, too.
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ุญูŠุซ ุฃุตุจุญ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู„ุบุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ ูƒุฃุฏุงุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
11:33
Yes, to get their facts straight,
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ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ู‡ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุŒ
11:35
but even more importantly, to compute new facts.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
11:38
There are already some integrations of our technology into LLMs.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุนุถ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฏู…ุฌ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุชู†ุง ููŠ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
11:42
There's a lot more you'll be seeing soon.
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ูˆุณุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง.
11:44
And, you know, when it comes to building new things
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุจู†ุงุก ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
11:46
in a very powerful emerging workflow,
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ููŠ ุณูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ ู†ุงุดุฆ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ
11:48
it's basically to start by telling the LLM roughly what you want,
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุงุŒ
11:53
then to have it try to express that in precise Wolfram Language,
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ุซู… ุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู„ุบุฉ ูˆู„ูุฑุงู…ุŒ
11:56
then, and this is a critical feature of our computational language,
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ู„ุบุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ
11:59
compared to, for example, programming language,
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ูุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู…ุน ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉุŒ
12:01
you as a human can read the code,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุŒ
12:04
and if it does what you want,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูุนู„ ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ู‡ุŒ
12:05
you can use it as kind of a dependable component to build on.
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ููŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ูƒู…ูƒูˆู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ูˆุซูˆู‚ ู„ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡.
12:08
OK, but let's say we use more and more AI,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐูŠ ู‚ุจู„.
12:11
more and more computation.
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12:13
What's the world going to be like?
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ูƒูŠู ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
12:14
From the industrial revolution on,
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ุงุนุชุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
12:16
weโ€™ve been used to doing engineering where we can in effect,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
12:19
see how the gears mesh to understand how things work.
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ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ูƒูŠู ุชุชุตู„ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุจุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ูู‡ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
12:23
But computational irreducibility
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ู„ูƒู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠ
12:25
now shows us that that won't always be possible.
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ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‹ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง.
12:28
We won't always be able to make a kind of simple human or, say,
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ู„ู† ู†ุชู…ูƒู† ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุฑุฏ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ุŒ ูู„ู†ู‚ู„ุŒ
12:31
mathematical narrative
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ
12:33
to explain or predict what a system will do.
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ู„ุดุฑุญ ู…ุง ุณูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจู‡.
12:35
And yes, this is science, in effect, eating itself from the inside.
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ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูŠุฃูƒู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„.
12:40
From all the successes of mathematical science,
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ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู†ุฌุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
12:42
we've come to believe that somehow, if we only could find them,
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ุตุฑู†ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชู…ูƒู†ุง ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ
12:46
there'd be formulas to kind of predict everything.
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ูุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตูŠุบ ู„ู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠุก.
12:50
But now computational irreducibility shows us that that isn't true.
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ู„ูƒู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุง.
12:54
And that in effect, to find out what a system will do,
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ุณูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…ุŒ
12:56
we have to go through the same irreducible computational steps
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู…ุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„
13:00
as the system itself.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู†ูุณู‡.
13:02
Yes, it's a weakness of science,
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ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุถุนู ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ
13:04
but it's also why the passage of time is significant and meaningful
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฃู† ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ู‡ู… ูˆุฐุง ู…ุบุฒู‰
13:08
and why we can't just sort of jump ahead to get the answer.
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุงูƒุชูุงุก ุจุญุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.
13:12
We have to live the steps.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช.
13:14
It's actually going to be, I think, a great societal dilemma of the future.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
13:18
If we let our AIs achieve their kind of full computational potential,
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ุฅุฐุง ุณู…ุญู†ุง ู„ุฐูƒุงุฆู†ุง ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุฃู† ูŠุตู„ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ
13:22
they'll have lots of computational irreducibility
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠ
13:24
and we won't be able to predict what they'll do.
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ูˆู„ู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจู…ุง ุณูŠูุนู„ู‡.
13:27
But if we put constraints on them to make them more predictable,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูˆุถุนู†ุง ู‚ูŠูˆุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจู…ุง ุณูŠูุนู„ู‡ุŒ
13:30
we'll limit what they can do for us.
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ูุณู†ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ู†ุง.
13:32
So what will it feel like if our world is full of computational irreducibility?
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุนูˆุฑู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ู…ู„ูŠุฆู‹ุง ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุŸ
13:38
Well, it's really nothing new
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุง
13:40
because that's the story with much of nature.
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
13:42
And what's happened there
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ูˆู…ุง ุญุฏุซ
13:44
is that we've found ways to operate within nature,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุทุฑู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
13:46
even though nature can sometimes still surprise us.
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ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชูุงุฌุฆู†ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง.
13:49
And so it will be with the AIs.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ.
13:51
We might give them a constitution, but there will always be consequences
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ู‚ุฏ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุฏุณุชูˆุฑู‹ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุนูˆุงู‚ุจ
13:55
we can't predict.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจู‡ุง.
13:56
Of course, even figuring out societally what we want from the AIs is hard.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจ.
14:01
Maybe we need you know, a promptocracy
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู… ุญูƒู… ุณุฑูŠุน
14:03
where people write prompts instead of just voting.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช.
14:06
But basically, every control the outcome scheme
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู…ูˆู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุฎุทุท ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
14:10
seems full of both political philosophy
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ู…ู„ูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุณูˆุงุก ุจุฃูุฎุงุฎ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู„ุณูุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ
14:12
and computational irreducibility gotchas.
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ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠ.
14:15
You know, if we look at the whole arc of human history,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุŒ
14:18
the one thing that's systematically changed
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠ
14:20
is that more and more gets automated.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุชู…ุชุฉ ุชุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
14:22
And LLMs just gave us a dramatic and unexpected example of that.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุนุทุชู†ุง ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ู‹ุง ุฏุฑุงู…ูŠู‹ุง ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
14:26
So what does that mean?
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
14:27
Does that mean that in the end, us humans will have nothing to do?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงูุŒ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู…ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡ุŸ
14:31
Well, if we look at history,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ
14:33
what seems to happen is that when one thing gets automated away,
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุชู…ุชุฉ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
14:36
it opens up lots of new things to do.
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ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ู„ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ูุนู„ู‡ุง.
14:39
And as economies develop,
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ูˆู…ุน ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏุงุชุŒ
14:41
the pie chart of occupations seems to get more and more fragmented.
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ูƒุนูƒุฉ ู…ุฎุทุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู† ุชุชุฌุฒุฃ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุฃูƒุซุฑ.
14:45
And now we're back to the ruliad.
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
14:47
Because at a foundational level,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ
14:49
what's happening is that automation is opening up more directions
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ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุชู…ุชุฉ ุชูุชุญ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจ
14:52
to go in the ruliad.
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ู„ู„ู…ุถูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
14:53
But there's no abstract way to choose between these.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง.
14:56
It's a question of what we humans want,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
14:59
and it requires kind of humans doing work to define that.
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ูˆูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‡.
15:02
So a society of AI as sort of untethered by human input,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉุŒ
15:07
would effectively go off and explore the whole ruliad.
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ุณูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆูŠุณุชูƒุดู ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡.
15:10
But most of what they do would seem to us random and pointless,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุณูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ู†ุง ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠู‹ุง ูˆู„ุง ุทุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงุฆู‡ุŒ
15:14
much like most of nature doesn't seem to us right now,
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ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
15:18
like it's achieving a purpose.
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ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุบุฑุถู‹ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ู‹ุง.
15:20
I mean, one used to imagine that to build things that are useful to us,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุนุชุงุฏู†ุง ุชุตูˆุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ู†ุงุŒ
15:25
we'd have to do it kind of step by step.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุฎุทูˆุฉ.
15:27
But AI and the whole phenomenon of computation
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง
15:30
tell us that really what we need
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ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุญู‚ู‹ุง
15:32
is more just to define what we want.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ ูู‚ุท.
15:35
Then computation, AI, automation can make it happen.
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ุซู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุญุณุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุชู…ุชุฉ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
15:39
And yes, I think the key to defining in a clear way what we want
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ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
15:43
is computational language.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ.
15:45
And, you know, even after 35 years,
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุฏ 35 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
15:47
for many people,
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ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู„ุบุฉ ูˆู„ูุฑุงู…ุŒ
15:48
Wolfram Language is still sort of an artifact from the future.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
15:51
If your job is to program, it seems like a cheat.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‡ู…ุชูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉุŒ ููŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุบุด.
15:54
How come you can do in an hour what would usually take you a week?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ููŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃุณุจูˆุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ุŸ
15:58
But it can also be kind of daunting because having dashed off that one thing,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุดุงู‚ู‹ุง ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุกุŒ
16:02
you now have to conceptualize the next thing.
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ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุขู† ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
16:04
Of course, it's great for CEOs and CTOs
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ู„ู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠูŠู†
16:07
and intellectual leaders who are ready to race on to the next thing.
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ูˆูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ููƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ููˆุฒ ุจุณุจุงู‚ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
16:11
And indeed, it's an impressively popular thing in that set.
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ูˆุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุดุงุฆุน ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุจู‡ุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ.
16:16
In a sense, what's happening is that Wolfram Language shifts
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ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู„ุบุฉ ูˆู„ูุฑุงู… ุชุชุญูˆู„
16:18
from concentrating on mechanics to concentrating on conceptualization,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตูˆุฑุŒ
16:22
and the key to that conceptualization is broad computational thinking.
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ูˆู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุตูˆุฑ ูŠูƒู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุณุน.
16:27
So how can one learn to do that?
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุนู„ู… ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
16:29
It's not really a story of CS,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุจุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจุŒ
16:31
it's really a story of CX.
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ุจู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠ.
16:33
And as a kind of education,
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ูˆูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู„ูู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑุฉ
16:35
it's more like liberal arts than STEM.
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ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช.
16:37
It's part of a trend that when you automate technical execution,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุชูˆุฌูŽู‘ู‡ ูŠุชู…ุซู„ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุชู…ุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุŒ
16:41
what becomes important is not figuring out how to do things,
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ูุฅู† ู…ุง ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
16:45
but what to do.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡.
16:47
And that's more a story of broad knowledge and general thinking
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ูˆุชููƒูŠุฑ ุนุงู…
16:50
than any kind of narrow specialization.
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ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุถูŠู‚.
16:53
You know, there's sort of an unexpected human centeredness to all of this.
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ูˆูŠุญุชู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
16:57
We might have thought that with the advance of science and technology,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
17:00
the particulars of us humans would become ever less relevant.
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ุณุชุตุจุญ ุฎุตุงุฆุตู†ุง ูƒุจุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถู‰.
17:04
But we've discovered that that's not true, and that, in fact, everything,
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ
17:07
even our physics,
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ุญุชู‰ ููŠุฒูŠุงุกู†ุงุŒ
17:08
depends on how we humans happen to have sampled the ruliad.
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ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ู‚ูŠุงู…ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุจุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
17:13
Before our physics project,
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ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุŒ
17:15
we didn't know if our universe really was computational,
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ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูƒูˆู†ู†ุง ุญุณุงุจูŠู‹ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุงุŒ
17:19
but now it's pretty clear that it is.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
17:21
And from that, we're sort of inexorably led to the ruliad,
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ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ูุฏู’ููŽุนู ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏุŒ
17:23
with all its kind of vastness
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ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุดุณุงุนุชู‡
17:26
so hugely greater than the physical space in our universe.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ูƒูˆู†ู†ุง.
17:29
So where will we go in the ruliad?
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ุฅุฐู† ุฃูŠู† ุณู†ุฐู‡ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏุŸ
17:32
Computational language is what lets us chart our path.
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ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุชูŠุญ ู„ู†ุง ุฑุณู… ู…ุณุงุฑู†ุง.
17:35
It lets us humans define our goals and our journeys.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชูŠุญ ู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃู‡ุฏุงูู†ุง ูˆุฑุญู„ุงุชู†ุง.
17:38
And what's amazing is that all the power and depth
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุด ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูƒุงู…ู„ ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆุนู…ู‚
17:41
of what's out there in the ruliad is accessible to everyone.
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู…ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
17:45
One just has to learn to harness those computational superpowers,
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ูˆู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุณูˆู‰ ุชุนู„ู… ุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ
17:49
which kind of starts here,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
17:50
you know, our portal to the ruliad.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจูˆุงุจุชู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูˆู„ูŠุงุฏ.
17:54
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
17:55
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7