Would you raise the baby that ate your siblings? - Francesca Barbero

572,591 views ・ 2024-01-25

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minnie Min Hee Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
You might not guess it, but this Alcon blue butterfly
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μ§μž‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
μ•Œμ½˜ νŒŒλž€ λ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” 기생 곀좩이며,
00:10
is a parasite whose offspring will live highly unusual lives.
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μƒˆλΌλ“€μ€ μ•„μ£Ό νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 삢을 μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
She lays pinhead-sized eggs on a wildflower and is off.
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λ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” ν•€ λ¨Έλ¦¬λ§Œν•œ μ•Œμ„ 야생화에 λ‚³κ³  κ°€λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
The first tiny caterpillar hatches a few days later.
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첫 번째 μž‘μ€ μ• λ²Œλ ˆκ°€ λ©°μΉ  ν›„ λΆ€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
After two weeks living within a flower bud,
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κ½ƒλ΄‰μ˜€λ¦¬ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 2μ£Όκ°„ μƒν™œν•œ ν›„
00:26
he embarks on a high-risk operation that will require infiltrating
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μž‘μ „μ— λŒμž…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ²½λΉ„κ°€ μ‚Όμ—„ν•œ μš”μƒˆμ— μœ„μž₯ μž μž…ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:30
a densely guarded fortress undercover.
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00:33
He secretes a thread of silk and descends to the ground.
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” 비단 싀을 λΆ„λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ λ•…μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
Here, he's more vulnerable than ever, but he holds still and waits.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κΌΌμ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  κΈ°λ‹€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
His descent perfectly coincides with the peak foraging hours
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ν•˜κ°•μ€ κ³΅κ΅λ‘­κ²Œλ„ 근처 λΆ‰μ€κ°œλ―Έ μ§‘λ‹¨μ—μ„œ
먹이 사λƒ₯이 κ°€μž₯ μ™•μ„±ν•œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ μΌμΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
of the nearby red ant colony.
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00:48
Soon enough, a worker ant encounters the caterpillar.
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μ–Όλ§ˆ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μΌκ°œλ―Έκ°€ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
She inspects his cuticle with her sensitive antennae
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μΌκ°œλ―ΈλŠ” μ˜ˆλ―Όν•œ λ”λ“¬μ΄λ‘œ μ• λ²Œλ ˆμ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ„ μ‚΄ν”Όκ³ 
00:55
and picks up on key chemical cues that she uses to recognize her kin.
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동쑱을 인식할 데 μ“°μ΄λŠ” μ£Όμš” 화학적 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό ν¬μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
This is all part of the caterpillar's disguise.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것은 μ• λ²Œλ ˆμ˜ λ³€μž₯의 μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
The worker picks him up and reverses course.
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일꾼이 μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό μ•ˆκ³  λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
Indeed, the caterpillar doesn't battle his way into the fortress.
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사싀 μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μš”μƒˆλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€λ €κ³  힘겹게 μ‹Έμš°μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
Noβ€” he wouldn't stand a chance.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, κ·ΈλŸ°λ‹€λ©΄ μŠΉμ‚°μ΄ μ—†κ² μ£ .
01:13
He's shepherded in because the ant
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
κ°œλ―Έκ°€ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
is treating him like one of her colony's own larvae.
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01:19
They pass legions of ants poised to attack invaders
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό μ•ˆμ€ κ°œλ―ΈλŠ” μΉ¨μž…μžλ₯Ό 곡격할 νƒœμ„Έλ₯Ό κ°–μΆ˜ 개미 ꡰ단을 μ§€λ‚˜
01:23
and enter the intricately architected, subterranean nest,
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μ •κ΅ν•˜κ²Œ 지어진 μ§€ν•˜ λ‘₯μ§€λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
which is sheltered, moist, and stockpiled with resources.
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이곳은 보호λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  μŠ΅ν•˜λ©° μžμ›μ΄ λΉ„μΆ•λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
If the caterpillar's mimicry didn't work,
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆμ˜ λͺ¨λ°©μ΄ ν†΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
01:35
he might have been left for dead or taken as food himself.
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μ£½κ±°λ‚˜ 먹이둜 μž‘ν˜€κ°”μ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Instead, the ant places the caterpillar in the nursery,
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λŒ€μ‹  κ°œλ―ΈλŠ” μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό λ‘₯μ§€μ˜ 탁아 μ‹œμ„€λ‘œ λ°λ €κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
among the colony's own cherished brood.
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개미 μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μ†Œμ€‘ν•œ μƒˆλΌλ“€ 사이에 말이죠.
01:47
Here, he produces sugary secretions that the worker ants feed from.
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ μΌκ°œλ―Έκ°€ 먹이둜 μ‚ΌλŠ” λ‹Ή 뢄비물을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
The nurse ants dote upon him,
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보윑 κ°œλ―Έλ“€μ€ μˆ˜μ‹œλ‘œ μŒμ‹μ„ ν† ν•΄
01:53
regurgitating food into his mouth frequently.
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό μ• μ§€μ€‘μ§€ν•˜λ©° ν‚€μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
But he has a voracious appetite.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μ‹μš•μ΄ μ™•μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
He arches his body in a begging posture to obtain more food,
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μŒμ‹μ„ 더 κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ΅¬κ±Έν•˜λŠ” μžμ„Έλ‘œ λͺΈμ„ ꡽히고,
02:03
and, every now and then, eats one of his own nestmates.
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μ΄λ”°κΈˆ μ˜†μ— μžˆλŠ” 개미 μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό μž‘μ•„ 먹기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
The caterpillar also does things that the ant larvae can't:
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” 개미 유좩이 ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 일도 ν•΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
he makes noises that sound a lot like those emitted by the ant queens.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬μ™•κ°œλ―Έκ°€ λ‚΄λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ 맀우 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ‚΄λŠ” 것이죠.
02:16
In effect, he signals that he's royalty and should be prioritized
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사싀상 μžμ‹ μ΄ μ™•μ‘±μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
μ§„μ§œ 개미 μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ³΄λ‹€ μš°μ„ μ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:20
over the actual ant larvae.
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02:22
And that's exactly what happens.
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λ°”λ‘œ 그런 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
The nurse ants feed him extra.
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보λͺ¨ κ°œλ―Έλ“€μ€ μ• λ²Œλ ˆμ—κ²Œ 먹이λ₯Ό 더 많이 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
And when a wild boar causes part of the nest to collapse,
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멧돼지가 λ‘₯지 일뢀λ₯Ό λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬λ©΄
02:29
the ants rescue the caterpillar first.
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κ°œλ―Έλ“€μ€ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € κ΅¬μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
While members of the ant colony suffer reduced survival rates
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λΆ€λ‹΄μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ• λ²Œλ ˆ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 개미 μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€μ§€λ§Œ,
02:37
because of the burdensome caterpillar,
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02:39
he passes the harsh winter living like royalty.
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λ‚˜λΉ„ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ κ²¨μšΈμ„ 이겨내고 μ™•μ‘±μ²˜λŸΌ μ‚΄μ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Come June, he's stored up plenty of nutrients
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6월이 되면 μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ„ 많이 λΉ„μΆ•ν•΄
02:46
to make a dramatic transformation.
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극적인 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κΎ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
He forms his chrysalis, and for three weeks,
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번데기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  3μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ
02:51
he uses a tooth-and-comb organ to create more queen-like acoustic vibrations,
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이빨과 λΉ—μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  기관을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ μ—¬μ™•κ³Ό 같은 음ν–₯ 진동을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
02:56
attracting workers to clean him.
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μΌκ°œλ―Έλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ„ μ²­μ†Œν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Then, at dawn one day, he emerges an adult butterfly.
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그러던 μ–΄λŠ λ‚  μƒˆλ²½, 성체 λ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Wings still wet, his body easily fits through the gallery opening,
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아직 λ‚ κ°œκ°€ μ –μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 좜ꡬ둜 μ‰½κ²Œ λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 있으며,
03:07
and finally, 11 months after being taken in,
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μž…μ–‘λœ 지 11κ°œμ›” λ§Œμ—
03:11
he basks in the sun and begins searching for a mate.
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햇볕을 쬐며 짝을 μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
When he dies about a week later,
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μ•½ 일주일 후에 λ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ 죽으면,
03:16
he'll have spent the vast majority of his life in the realm of the ants.
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” μ‚Άμ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ 개미 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ λ³΄λƒˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
The Alcon blue is one of as many as 200 parasitic butterfly species,
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μ•Œμ½˜ νŒŒλž‘ λ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” 기생 λ‚˜λΉ„ 200μ—¬ μ’… 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ,
03:26
all of which target ants.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 개미λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
Sometimes, multiple caterpillars inhabit the same ant colony at once.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ• λ²Œλ ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ 같은 개미 집단에 μ„œμ‹ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Some stay for almost two years.
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μΌλΆ€λŠ” 거의 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 머무λ₯΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
But researchers are still parsing these complex relationships.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 관계λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
For instance, certain ants guard Japanese oakblue caterpillars from predators
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μ˜ˆμ»¨λŒ€, νŠΉμ • κ°œλ―ΈλŠ” λ‚¨λ°©λ‚¨μƒ‰λΆ€μ „λ‚˜λΉ„ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό ν¬μ‹μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³ 
03:43
and consume the sugary secretions the caterpillars produce in return.
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κ·Έ λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ μ• λ²Œλ ˆκ°€ μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ³ λ‹ΉλΆ„ 뢄비물을 μ„­μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
But it turns out that this sweet concoction
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ‹¬μ½€ν•œ 쑰합은
03:50
isn't a simple form of mutual assistance.
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μƒν˜Έ λΆ€μ‘° ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
Instead, chemicals in the secretions actually manipulate the ants' behavior,
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뢄비물에 μžˆλŠ” ν™”ν•™ 물질이 개미의 행동을 μ‘°μž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
03:57
inhibiting their movement
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개미의 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μ–΅μ œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:59
and making them more protective and aggressive caterpillar guards.
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μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό λ”μš± 적극적으둜 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Despite these masterful manipulations,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ μ‘°μž‘μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:05
parasitic butterflies are vulnerable themselves.
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기생 λ‚˜λΉ„λ„ 약점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
They're also the targets of parasitism.
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이듀 μ—­μ‹œ κΈ°μƒμ˜ ν‘œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
Even within their adopted, high-security hideaways,
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λ³΄μ•ˆμ΄ μ² μ €ν•œ μ€μ‹ μ²˜ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλ„
04:14
parasitoid wasps sometimes track the caterpillars down
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기생 λ§λ²Œμ€ μž…μ–‘λœ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό 좔적해
04:18
and lay eggs on their bodies.
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λͺΈμ— μ•Œμ„ 낳기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
When the wasp larvae hatch, they consume the caterpillars alive.
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말벌의 유좩이 λΆ€ν™”ν•˜λ©΄ μ• λ²Œλ ˆλ₯Ό μ‚° μ±„λ‘œ μž‘μ•„λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
And because their life cycles consist of such a complex choreography
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그리고 개미의 μƒν™œ μ£ΌκΈ°λŠ”
νŠΉμ • 식물과 개미의 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ•ˆλ¬΄λ‘œ 이루어져 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:28
involving specific plants and ants,
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04:30
small environmental changes can affect their populations.
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μž‘μ€ ν™˜κ²½ 변화도 κ°œμ²΄κ΅°μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
One parasitic butterfly species actually went extinct in the UK in 1979,
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기생 λ‚˜λΉ„ ν•œ 쒅은 1979년에 μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ©Έμ’…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ°€
04:39
before being reintroduced a few years later.
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λͺ‡ λ…„ ν›„ λ‹€μ‹œ μœ μž…λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
They've since rebounded alongside efforts to restore the meadow habitats
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이후 μˆ™μ£Ό κ°œλ―Έκ°€ λ²ˆμ„±ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ
μ΄ˆμ› μ„œμ‹μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΅μ›ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ°˜λ“±ν–ˆμœΌλ©°,
04:47
their host ants require to thriveβ€”
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04:49
helping preserve these riveting relationships
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이 ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•œ 관계와
04:51
and the astonishing adaptations they inspire.
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μ˜κ°μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ 적응λ ₯을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 데 μΌμ‘°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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