Can alligators survive this apex predator? - Kenny Coogan

235,737 views ・ 2023-08-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yujin Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
It's 5000 BCE in the verdant swamps of North America,
0
7670
4630
기원전 5000λ…„ λΆμ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ μš°κ±°μ§„ λŠͺμ—μ„œ
00:12
and this young deer has no idea it’s being hunted.
1
12300
3378
이 μ–΄λ¦° μ‚¬μŠ΄μ€ 사λƒ₯ λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ „ν˜€ λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
Suddenly, an alligator hurtles out of the water at almost 50 kilometers an hour,
2
15762
5463
κ°‘μžκΈ° μ•…μ–΄ ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ μ‹œμ† 50km에 μœ‘λ°•ν•˜λŠ” μ†λ„λ‘œ λ¬Όμ†μ—μ„œ νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜€κ³ 
00:21
locking its jaws around its prey
3
21225
2086
먹이λ₯Ό ν„±μœΌλ‘œ λ‹¨λ‹¨νžˆ λ¬Έ λ‹€μŒ
00:23
and swinging wildly in a signature move known as the death roll.
4
23311
4713
λ°μŠ€λ‘€μ΄λΌλŠ” 특유의 λ™μž‘μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μŠ΄μ„ 거칠게 λ¬Όκ³  ν”λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
This deer never stood a chance,
5
28232
1919
이 μ‚¬μŠ΄μ€ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ „ν˜€ μ—†κ³ 
00:30
but then, nothing in this region can compete with this apex predator.
6
30151
4171
이 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ 이 μ΅œμƒμœ„ ν¬μ‹μžμ™€ 겨룰 수 μžˆλŠ” 동물은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
These alligators easily devour the birds, turtles, and small fish
7
34405
4880
ν˜„μž¬ μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆ ꡭ립 곡원이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 곳에 μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆ, 거뢁이,
00:39
living in what’s known today as Everglades National Park.
8
39285
3587
그리고 μž‘μ€ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° 등을 이 악어듀은 μ‰½κ²Œ ν¬μ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
But despite ruling the swamp for millennia,
9
43206
2627
그듀은 천 λ…„κ°„ 이 λŠͺμ—μ„œ κ΅°λ¦Όν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
00:45
the last 500 years have brought deadly new predators
10
45833
3796
μ§€λ‚œ 500λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ΄ μƒˆλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ„œ
00:49
that challenge the alligators’ reign.
11
49629
2043
μ•…μ–΄μ˜ 지배에 λ„μ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
And the origins of these international invaders are just as unexpected
12
51714
4421
μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆμ— μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•œ 좩격을 μ€€ μ™Έλž˜ μΉ¨μž…μ’…λ“€μ˜ μΆœμ‹  지역은
00:56
as their impact on the Everglades.
13
56135
2294
κ·Έ 좩격만큼 μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•œ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
We tend to think of swamps as hostile landscapes
14
58763
3253
λŠͺμ—λŠ” 식물과 동물이 λ„˜μ³λ‚˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:02
since they’re overflowing with plant and animal life.
15
62016
3378
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŠͺ을 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ§€λŒ€λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
But all this biodiversity makes these environments vital to regional food webs.
16
65645
5130
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 생물 λ‹€μ–‘μ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λŠͺμ§€λŒ€λŠ” μ§€μ—­ 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬μ— ν•„μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And the Everglades are no exception.
17
70775
2336
μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆ μ—­μ‹œ μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
The park's subtropical climate can support species from around the world,
18
73194
4379
κ³΅μ›μ˜ μ•„μ—΄λŒ€ κΈ°ν›„λŠ” μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 온 생물쒅듀을 지탱할 수 있고
01:17
and its borders are full of ecotonesβ€” transition areas between habitatsβ€”
19
77573
5714
κ·Έ 경계 μ§€λŒ€λŠ” μ „λΆ€ μ—μ½”ν†€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
에코톀은 μ„œμ‹μ§€ κ°„ μ „ν™˜ ꡬ역을 λœ»ν•˜λ©°
01:23
that connect the region’s freshwater prairies,
20
83454
2711
λ‹΄μˆ˜ μ΄ˆμ› μ§€λŒ€, λ°”μœ„κ°€ λ§Žμ€ μΉ¨μ—½μˆ˜λ¦Ό μ§€λŒ€,
01:26
rocky pinelands, mangrove forests, and more.
21
86165
3504
망그둜브 숲 μ§€λŒ€μ™€ κ·Έ μ™Έ λ§Žμ€ 지역을 μ—°κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
Human activity has made the region even more biodiverse,
22
90128
4004
인λ₯˜μ˜ ν™œλ™μ„ 톡해 이 지역은 λ”μš± ν’μ„±ν•œ 생물 닀양성을 κ°–μΆ”κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
01:34
developing Florida into a major port
23
94132
2669
ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€λŠ” μ£Όμš” ν•­κ΅¬λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•΄μ„œ
01:36
that welcomes countless human and non-human migrants.
24
96801
3712
μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 인λ₯˜ 및 비인λ₯˜ μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€μ„ ν™˜μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
In the 1500s, Spanish colonizers brought wild boar to the area,
25
100763
4922
1500λ…„λŒ€ 슀페인 μ‹λ―Όμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ€ 이 μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 야생 멧돼지듀을 λ“€μ—¬μ™”μœΌλ©°
01:45
which quickly multiplied and uprooted the wetlands.
26
105685
3170
이 멧돼지듀은 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ²ˆμ‹ν•˜μ—¬ μŠ΅μ§€λ₯Ό λ’€μ—Žμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
They devoured alligator eggs and spread European parasites to local panthers.
27
108896
4922
멧돼지듀은 μ•…μ–΄μ˜ μ•Œμ„ 훔쳐먹고 ν† μ’… ν‘œλ²”μ— 기생좩을 νΌλœ¨λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Then, in the 1800s, Florida’s shipping industry exploded,
28
113943
4254
κ·Έλ‹€μŒ 1800λ…„λŒ€μ— ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ˜ μ„ λ°• μš΄μ†‘ 산업이 폭발적으둜 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³ 
01:58
bringing all manner of new invasive species.
29
118197
3420
μ˜¨κ°– μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μΉ¨μž…μ’…λ“€μ΄ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Brazilian peppertrees blocked out the sun, water hyacinths clogged the rivers,
30
121742
5172
브라질 ν›„μΆ”λ‚˜λ¬΄λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ„ κ°€λ Έκ³ , λΆ€λ ˆμ˜₯μž μ€ 강물을 λ§‰μ•˜μœΌλ©°,
02:06
and brown anole lizards upset the food chain.
31
126914
3462
κ°ˆμƒ‰ 아놀 λ„λ§ˆλ±€λ“€μ€ 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬μ„ 망쳐 λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Alligator populations mostly endured this onslaught,
32
130835
3628
μ•…μ–΄ κ°œμ²΄κ΅°μ€ 이런 맹곡격을 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ κ²¬λŽŒλƒˆμœΌλ‚˜,
02:14
but in the late 19th century,
33
134463
1836
19μ„ΈκΈ° ν›„λ°˜μ— 인λ₯˜κ°€ κ°œμž…ν•˜μ—¬ 상황은 ν•œμΈ΅ μ‹¬κ°ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
human intervention kicked things up a notch.
34
136299
2627
02:19
Government and business officials wanted to turn the Everglades into farmland
35
139010
4671
정뢀와 사업가듀은 μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆ ꡭ립 곡원을 λ†κ²½μ§€λ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκΈΈ μ›ν–ˆκ³ 
02:23
and began building canals to drain the swamp.
36
143681
2794
λŠͺ을 말렀버리기 μœ„ν•΄ 수둜λ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
They also planted non-native trees which crowded out the plants
37
146559
3920
그듀은 μ™Έλž˜μ’… λ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€λ„ 심기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ ,
이 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€μ€ ν† μ’… μƒˆλ“€μ΄ 먹이λ₯Ό μ–»κ³  μ„œμ‹μ§€λ‘œ μ‚ΌλŠ” 식물듀을 λͺ°μ•„λƒˆμœΌλ©°
02:30
local birds relied on for food and shelter,
38
150479
2962
02:33
which in turn limited the alligators’ supply of prey.
39
153691
3587
결과적으둜 μ•…μ–΄λ“€μ˜ 먹이λ₯Ό μ€„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Interventions like this wreaked havoc on the Everglades for decades,
40
157403
4755
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°œμž…μ€ μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆμ— μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ 큰 ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μž…ν˜”κ³ 
02:42
until a conservationist named Marjory Stoneman Douglas
41
162158
4254
마쑰리 μŠ€ν†€λ§¨ λ”κΈ€λΌμŠ€λΌλŠ” ν™˜κ²½ λ³΄ν˜Έλ‘ μžκ°€ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄
02:46
finally came to their defense.
42
166412
1752
이곳을 μ§€ν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
In 1947, Douglas published a landmark book explaining that the Everglades
43
168247
5381
1947년에 λ”κΈ€λΌμŠ€λŠ” μ§€μ—­ ν™˜κ²½ μ„€λͺ…μ„œλ₯Ό μΆœνŒν–ˆλŠ”λ°
μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆκ°€ νŠΉμ΄ν•˜κ³  μ€‘μš”ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„μ΄λ©°
02:53
were not only a unique and precious ecosystem,
44
173628
3253
02:56
but that the region’s most fearsome residents were actually vital
45
176881
3754
이 μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ°€μž₯ λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•œ κ±°μ£Όμžκ°€
사싀 이 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 데에 ν•„μˆ˜ λΆˆκ°€κ²°ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
to sustaining it.
46
180635
1001
03:01
During the wet season,
47
181928
1251
우기 λ™μ•ˆ,
03:03
alligators are constantly shaping the muddy landscape,
48
183179
3628
악어듀은 진흙 μ§€λŒ€λ₯Ό λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ νœ˜μ “κ³  λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
03:06
drawing lines with their bodies
49
186807
1877
λͺΈν†΅μœΌλ‘œ 쀄을 κΈ‹κ³ 
03:08
and digging holes with their snouts, claws, and tails.
50
188684
3921
μ½§μž”λ“±, λ°œν†±, 꼬리둜 ꡬ멍을 νŒλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
In the dry season,
51
193105
1335
건기가 되면,
03:14
these indentations become essential watering holes and firebreaks,
52
194440
5130
이 였λͺ©ν•œ μžκ΅­λ“€μ΄ κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•œ 물웅덩이와 방화선이 되며
03:19
maintaining and protecting the swamp’s other residents.
53
199570
3629
λŠͺ에 μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 생물듀을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  λ³΄ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
In the wake of Douglas’ book, Everglades National Park was established
54
203616
4504
λ”κΈ€λΌμŠ€μ˜ μ±…μž 덕뢄에 μ—λ²„κΈ€λ ˆμ΄μ¦ˆ ꡭ립 곡원이 μ„€λ¦½λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
03:28
to formally begin protecting the landscape and its scaly stewards.
55
208120
4672
이곳의 풍경과 λΉ„λŠ˜ μžˆλŠ” 집사듀을 κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
But outside the park,
56
213000
1168
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 곡원 λ°–μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:34
conditions were brewing for the most dangerous invasion yet.
57
214168
3587
제일 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μΉ¨μž…μ˜ 여건이 읡어 κ°€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Over the next 40 years, the exotic pet trade
58
217922
3795
κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 40λ…„κ°„, 이ꡭ적인 애완동물 거래λ₯Ό 톡해
03:41
brought parakeets, iguanas, and relatives of piranhas to the region.
59
221717
4964
이곳으둜 μž‰κΌ¬, μ΄κ΅¬μ•„λ‚˜, 그리고 피라냐 μœ μ‚¬μ’…μ΄ μœ μž…λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
In the 1990s, Burmese pythons became a cheap, popular pet for many Floridians.
60
227014
5839
1990λ…„λŒ€ λ²„λ§ˆ 왕뱀은 ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ—μ„œ κ°’μ‹Έκ³  인기 μžˆλŠ” 애완동물이 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Some snake owners released their pets into the wild when they grew too large.
61
232937
4963
λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ†Œμœ μ£ΌλŠ” 뱀이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 크게 자라자 이듀을 야생에 ν’€μ–΄ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
But the python population really exploded in 1992
62
237900
4380
이 비단뱀은 1992년에 개체 μˆ˜κ°€ 폭발적으둜 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
when a hurricane destroyed a breeding facility
63
242280
3169
λ²ˆμ‹ μ‹œμ„€μ΄ ν—ˆλ¦¬μΌ€μΈμœΌλ‘œ νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
04:05
and released countless snakes into the wild.
64
245449
3003
μ…€ 수 없이 λ§Žμ€ 뱀듀이 μ•ΌμƒμœΌλ‘œ ν’€λ €λ‚œ λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Since then, pythons have been connected to a 90% decrease
65
248661
4379
κ·Έλ•ŒλΆ€ν„° 비단뱀듀은 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ§€μ—­ 포유λ₯˜ 개체 μˆ˜κ°€
04:13
in some local mammal populations,
66
253040
2503
90% κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒκ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
04:15
decimating the alligators’ food supply.
67
255543
2461
μ•…μ–΄λ“€μ˜ 먹이가 λŒ€ν­ μ€„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
And with help from other invasive reptiles like black and white tegusβ€”
68
258170
4713
또 μ•…μ–΄ μ•Œμ„ 훔쳐 λ¨ΉλŠ” κ±°λŒ€ λ„λ§ˆλ±€ μ•„λ₯΄ν—¨ν‹°λ‚˜ λΈ”λž™ μ•€ ν™”μ΄νŠΈ νƒœκ΅¬ 같은
04:22
giant lizards who devour alligator eggsβ€”
69
262883
3003
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ™Έλž˜ 파좩λ₯˜ μ’…μ˜ 도움을 λ°›μ•„
04:25
these snakes have made a serious play for the top of the local food chain.
70
265886
4797
이 뱀듀은 μ§€μ—­ 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬μ˜ μ΅œμƒμœ„ 자리λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
Today, Florida ranks among the regions with the most invasive species
71
271434
4671
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€λŠ”
μ™Έλž˜μ’…μ΄ λ§Žμ€ μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ†κΌ½νžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
in the world.
72
276105
1293
04:37
Some researchers suggest hunting these invaders down,
73
277481
3212
μ–΄λ–€ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ 이런 μΉ¨μž…μ’…μ„ 사λƒ₯ν•΄μ„œ μ—†μ• κΈ°λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
04:40
while others recommend bringing in yet more creatures to balance the scales,
74
280693
4671
λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 μΉ¨μž… 식물을 포식할 곀좩을 ν’€μ–΄λ†“λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
04:45
such as releasing insects to eat invasive plants.
75
285364
3754
κ· ν˜•μ„ λ§žμΆ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 생물 쒅을 λ“€μ—¬μ˜€λŠ” 방법을 μΆ”μ²œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
It might seem absurd to try solving this problem with more foreign fauna.
76
289410
4880
더 λ§Žμ€ μ™Έλž˜ λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ‹œλ„κ°€ 어리석어 보일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
But perhaps a new arrival could fight invaders and feed the alligatorsβ€”
77
294498
4547
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ„μ°©μžλ“€μ΄ μ™Έλž˜μ’…κ³Ό λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κ³ ,
μ•…μ–΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 먹이λ₯Ό μ£Όμ–΄μ„œ
04:59
giving them the boost they need to reclaim their ancient home.
78
299045
3545
악어듀이 κ³ ν–₯μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 곳을 λ˜μ°Ύμ„ νž˜μ„ 쀄지도 λͺ¨λ₯Ό μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7