Making waves: The power of concentration gradients - Sasha Wright

209,151 views ใƒป 2014-03-04

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jake Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : ji-hyun lee
00:06
If you've ever floated on an ocean swell,
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๋‘๋‘ฅ์‹ค ๋„ˆ์šธ์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:09
you'll know that the sea moves constantly.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Zoom out, and you'll see the larger picture:
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
our Earth, covered by 71 percent water,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” 71ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฎํ˜€์žˆ๊ณ 
00:18
moving in one enormous current around the planet.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ฑ„ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
This intimidating global conveyor belt
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋„๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ ๋Š”
00:23
has many complicated drivers,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
but behind it all is a simple pump
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŽŒํ”„๊ฐ€
00:28
that moves water all over the earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
The process is called thermohaline circulation,
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์—ด์—ผ๋ถ„ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€
00:34
and it's driven by a basic concept:
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:36
the concentration gradient.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋†๋„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Let's leave the ocean for one moment
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
00:44
and imagine we're in an empty room
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:46
with lots of Roombas sardined together
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ๋งŽ์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด
00:49
in one corner.
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:50
Turn them all on at once
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ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ทธ ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
00:52
and the machines glide outwards
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์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
bumping into and away from each other
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์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ , ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:56
until the room is filled with an evenly spaced distribution.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์— ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:00
The machines have moved randomly
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๊ทธ ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:02
towards equilibrium,
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๊ท ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:03
a place where the concentration of a substance
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๊ทธ ๊ท ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€
01:05
is equally spread out.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
That's what happens along a concentration gradient,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†๋„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
as substances shift passively from a high,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ
01:13
or squashed, concentration,
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐฌ, ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
01:14
to a lower, more comfortable one.
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๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
How does this relate to ocean currents and thermohaline circulation?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์—ด์—ผ๋ถ„ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
Thermo means temperature,
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์—ด์€ ์˜จ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ 
01:22
and haline means salt
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์—ผ๋ถ„์€ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:24
because in the real world scenario of the sea,
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ
01:26
temperature and salinity drive the shift
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์˜จ๋„์™€ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:29
from high to low concentrations.
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๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Let's put you back in the ocean
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
01:34
to see how this works.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:36
Snap!
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์ง !
01:37
You're transformed into a molecule of surface water,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด
01:40
off the temperate coast of New York
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์˜จ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐํ›„์ธ ๋‰ด์š• ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
01:42
surrounded by a zillion rowdy others.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์†Œ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Here, the sun's rays act as an energizer
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:47
that set you and the other water molecules
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€
01:49
jostling about, bouncing off each other
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๋ฐ€์น˜๊ณ  ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
like the Roombas did.
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:53
The more you spread out,
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๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํผ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
01:54
the less concentrated the water molecules
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜
01:56
at the surface become.
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๋†๋„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Through this passive motion,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋™ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:00
you move from a high to a lower concentration.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Let's suspend the laws of physics for a moment,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
02:05
and pretend that your molecular self
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž์ธ ์ฑ„๋กœ
02:07
can plunge deep down into the water column.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
02:10
In these colder depths,
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๊ทธ ์ถฅ๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:12
the comparative lack of solar warmth
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:14
makes water molecules sluggish,
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๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋Š๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
meaning they can sit quite still at high concentrations.
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๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„์—์„œ๋„ ์›€์ง์ž„์—†์ด ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
02:19
No jostling here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ€์ณ๋ƒ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
But seeking relief
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด
02:22
from the cramped conditions they're in,
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๋น„์ข์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ ค๋Š” ํž˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:24
they soon start moving upwards
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๊ณง ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
towards the roomier situation at the surface.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ข€ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
This is how temperature
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€
02:30
drives a shift of water molecules
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๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
02:32
from high to low concentrations,
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๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ
02:34
towards equilibrium.
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์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
But sea water is made up of more than just H2O.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:39
There are a great deal of salt ions in it as well.
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์†Œ๊ธˆ ์ด์˜จ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
And like you, these guys have a similar desire
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„
02:44
for spacious real estate.
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๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
As the sun warms the sea,
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ํƒœ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์›Œ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:48
some of your fellow water molecules
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
02:50
evaporate from the surface,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:52
increasing the ration of salt to H2O.
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์ˆ˜์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธˆ์–‘์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
The crowded salt ions left behind
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๋ถ๋น„๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋‚จ์€ ์†Œ๊ธˆ ์ด์˜จ๋“ค์€
02:57
notice that lower down,
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๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
02:58
salt molecules seem to be enjoying more space.
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๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:01
And so an invasion begins,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
03:03
as they too move downwards in the water column.
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๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
In the polar regions,
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๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ,
03:07
we see how this small local process
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด
03:09
effects global movement.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
In the arctic and antarctic,
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๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ๋‚จ๊ทน์—์„œ๋Š”
03:13
where ice slabs decorate the water's surface,
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์–ผ์Œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฎ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
03:15
there's little temperature difference
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์˜
03:16
between surface and deeper waters.
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์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
It's all pretty cold.
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์–ด๋””๋“  ๋งค์šฐ ์ถฅ์ฃ .
03:20
But salinity differs,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ผ๋ถ„ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
and in this scenario,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:23
that's what triggers the action.
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๊ทธ ์—ผ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Here, the sun's rays melt surface ice,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋…น์ด๋ฉด์„œ
03:27
depositing a new load of water molecules
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด
03:29
into the sea.
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
That not only increases the proximity
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด
03:33
between you and other water molecules,
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์ ์  ์ข์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
03:35
leaving you vying for space again,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹คํˆผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
03:37
but it also conversely dilutes
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์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ธˆ ์ด์˜จ๋“ค์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€
03:39
the concentration of salt ions.
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๋ฌฝ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
So, down you go,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž์ธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
03:43
riding along the concentration gradient
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๋†๋„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
03:45
towards more comfortable conditions.
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์ข€๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
For salt ions, however,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์†Œ๊ธˆ ์ด์˜จ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
03:48
their lower concentration at the surface,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„๊ฐ€
03:50
acts like an advertisement
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์ข‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด์„œ
03:52
to the clamoring masses of salt molecules below
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ์ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธˆ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„
03:55
who begin their assent.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
In both temperate and polar regions,
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์˜จ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ทน์ง€๋Œ€ ๋‘๊ณณ ๋ชจ๋‘,
03:59
this passive motion along a concentration gradient,
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๋†๋„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋™ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด
04:02
can get a current going.
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ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And that is the starting point
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ด์—ผ๋ถ„ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:05
of the global conveyor
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๋Š”
04:07
called thermohaline circulation.
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ํ•ด๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
This is how a simple concept
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด
04:10
becomes the mechanism underlying
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:12
one of the largest
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜
04:13
and most important systems on our planet.
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์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:15
And if you look around,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:16
you'll see it happening everywhere.
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์ด ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Turn on a light, and it's there.
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๋ถˆ์„ ์ผœ๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Concentration gradients govern
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๋†๋„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
04:22
the flow of electricity,
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์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•ด์„œ
04:23
allowing electrons squashed together in one space
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ณณ์— ๋ญ‰์น˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:26
to travel to an area of lower concentration
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์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
when a channel is opened,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด
04:30
which you do by flipping a switch.
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์Šค์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:32
Right now, in fact, there's some gradient action going on
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋„ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด
04:35
inside you as you breath air into your lungs
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๋ชธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋†๋„์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€
04:39
letting the concentrated oxygen in that air
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ํ ์†์œผ๋กœ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
04:41
move passively out of your lungs
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๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ
04:43
and into your blood stream.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
We know that the world is filled
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
04:46
with complex physical problems,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
but sometimes the first step
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”
04:50
towards understanding them can be simple.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ฃ .
04:52
So when you confront the magnitude
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ
04:54
of the ocean's currents,
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ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:55
or have to figure out how electricity works,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:57
remember not to panic.
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๊ฒ์— ์งˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
04:59
Understanding can be as simple as flipping a switch.
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์–ด๋–ค์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ „๊ธฐ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ผœ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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