Are pandas the most misunderstood animal? - Lucy Cooke

467,968 views ใƒป 2024-01-09

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ๊ด€์›… ๋ฌธ ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
In the late 1930s, a grand panda drama unfolded at the Chicago Zoo.
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜, ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ
๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒ๋‹ค ๋Œ€์†Œ๋™์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Su-Lin, who had been a media darling since she was a cub,
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฐ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
passed away.
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00:18
Zookeepers were already in the process
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฉ”์ด ๋ฉ”์ด๋ผ๋Š”
00:20
of procuring another female panda named Mei Mei,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•”์ปท ํŒ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:24
and they were determined to find her a mate before tragedy struck again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋น„๊ทน์ด ๋‹ฅ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
So when they acquired a prospective suitor named Mei Lan,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ž‘๊ฐ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ด ๋ž€์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:33
it seemed their troubles were over.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์€ ๋๋‚œ ๋“ฏํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Magazines monitored their progress,
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์–ธ๋ก ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค๊ณ 
00:37
and the public eagerly awaited the patter of tiny panda paws.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์€ ์•„๊ธฐ ํŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ท€์—ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ์ฃ .
00:41
But the wait dragged on.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ์€ ๊ธธ์–ด์ ธ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
At first, headlines declared that Mei Mei was "getting nowhere" with her love life.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—”, ์–ธ๋ก ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ”์ด ๋ฉ”์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ์•„๋ฌด ์ง„์ „์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
But eventually zookeepers realized their significant slip-up:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
00:54
both bears were male.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
This is just one of many mistakes humans have made when it comes to pandas.
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์ด๋Š” ํŒ๋‹ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
We've incorrectly classified them as raccoons,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋„ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:07
misrepresented them as cuddly vegetarians,
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฑ„์‹ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
andโ€” since the doomed union of Mei Mei and Mei Lanโ€”
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๋ฉ”์ด ๋ฉ”์ด์™€ ๋ฉ”์ด ๋ž€์ด ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
01:14
declared them as incompetent lovers.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์น˜๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:17
Some people have taken this even further,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ์ˆ  ๋” ๋– ์„œ,
01:20
suggesting it's remarkable this sex-shy species
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์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ข…์กฑ์ด
01:24
has been able to sustain themselves at all.
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๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ํ‘œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:27
However, this common perception of pandas having low libidos
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ๋‹ค์˜ ์„ฑ์š•์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์€
01:31
actually has more to do with human incompetence.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
When it comes to breeding pandas in captivity,
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ ํŒ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
01:39
zookeepers face multiple challenges.
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
As the Chicago case suggests, it can be tricky to figure out a panda's sex.
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Their external genitals don't appear until they're a few months old,
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:52
and once visible, they look very similar.
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๋ง‰์ƒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
This forces zookeepers to rely on inconsistent methods,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
like trying to measure the distance between the anus and genitals,
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ํ•ญ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:03
or simply going by feel.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:06
And even when males and females are paired up correctly,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ์•”์ปท์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง์ง€์–ด๋„,
02:10
chemistry isn't guaranteed.
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๊ถํ•ฉ์ด ๋งž์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
In one case at the Moscow Zoo,
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๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ” ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ๋Š”
02:15
a female bear that had been isolated from other animals
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์™ธ๋ฉด ๋‹นํ•œ ์•”์ปท ํŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:18
proved more interested in zookeepers than other pandas.
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๋™์กฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Complicating things further,
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
02:24
female pandas can only be impregnated 1 to 3 days each year
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์•”์ปท ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š” 1๋…„์— ๊ฒจ์šฐ 1~3์ผ๋งŒ ์ž„์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:30
due to their incredibly short ovulation window.
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๋ฐฐ๋ž€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์งง์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Zookeepers try to track fertility levels by measuring the hormones in their urine,
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:38
but this data is often cryptic to decipher and messy to capture.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ข€ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
02:44
Females have also evolved the ability to reabsorb their own fetuses,
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์•”์ปท์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํƒœ์•„๋ฅผ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ง„ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:48
meaning that even a successful impregnation can be reversed.
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์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ž„์‹ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—†๋˜ ์ผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
02:53
The difficulty of breeding pandas has reinforced the idea
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ํŒ๋‹ค์˜ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ์œก ๋‚œ์ด๋„๋Š”
์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒˆ์‹ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
that they're not naturally inclined to procreate.
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02:59
But there's a huge gap between how these animals behave in captivity
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ ํŒ๋‹ค๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ
์•ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋”ดํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
and the privacy of the wild.
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03:07
Prowling through her home territory,
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์•”์ปท ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
03:09
a female panda rubs her anal glands on tree trunks to attract mates,
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์ง์„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ญ๋ฌธ์ƒ˜์„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ค„๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ ๋Š”
03:14
then waits in the treetops bleating as loudly as she can.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๊ป ์šธ๋ถ€์ง–์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Soon enough, males crowd around the tree and compete for her attention
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๋จธ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ฃผ์œ„๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค์™€ ์•”์ปท์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:23
by seeing who can pee the highest.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์ด ์˜ค์คŒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Suitors adopt a variety of poses in these competitions,
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๊ฒฝ์—ฐ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฝ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
including the "squat," "legcock," and "handstand."
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์›…ํฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐœ์ฐจ๊ธฐ, ๋ฌผ๊ตฌ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์„œ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ .
03:35
They're also known to dab urine behind their ears
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๋˜ ๊ท€ ๋’ค์— ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค ๋ฌปํžˆ๊ณ 
03:37
to broadcast their virility through the breeze.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋‚ ๋ ค ์ •๋ ฅ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Once a female picks a winner,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์•”์ปท์ด ์Šน์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
03:43
the mating pair will often have sex over 40 times in a single afternoon.
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์ด๋“ค ํ•œ ์Œ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์˜คํ›„์—๋งŒ 40๋ฒˆ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
At these rates, you might expect panda populations to be booming,
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์ด ์†๋„๋ผ๋ฉด ํŒ๋‹ค ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
especially since panda sperm is incredibly potent.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํŒ๋‹ค์˜ ์ •์ž๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:57
But females' short ovulation cycles and ability to reabsorb fetuses
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•”์ปท์˜ ์งง์€ ๋ฐฐ๋ž€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํƒœ์•„๋ฅผ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:02
keep the population in check.
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๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์€ ์–ต์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
In the wild, young pandas are usually able to witness at least one breeding season
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์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
๋ฒˆ์‹๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:10
before reaching sexual maturity,
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์œ ํ˜น ์˜์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
giving them time to learn the rituals of seduction.
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04:16
But in captivity, pandas are never able to learn these customs.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์˜ ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์Šต์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
04:21
And while breeders have tried to kick start young pandas' sexual awakenings
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹ค๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์  ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
04:25
by showing them footage of mating elders and offering them doses of Viagra,
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์–ด๋ฅธ ํŒ๋‹ค๋“ค์˜ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์•„๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ๋„ ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
04:30
none of these strategies have worked consistently.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
The most reliable approach they've found is artificial insemination,
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ธ๊ณต ์ˆ˜์ •์œผ๋กœ,
04:38
which has dramatically increased the captive population
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์œก ํŒ๋‹ค ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์ฃ .
04:41
in the past few decades.
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04:43
But if pandas are so much better at reproducing in the wild,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฒˆ์‹๋ ฅ์ด ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:46
one has to ask why are conservation efforts so focused on breeding them.
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์ข…์กฑ ๋ณด์กด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์™œ ์‚ฌ์œก์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Maybe our time would be better spent
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์•ผ์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
04:54
protecting the pandas' natural environments,
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๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
giving them all the space they need to get down to business.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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