NOUNS | Basic English Grammar Course | 5 lessons

1,082,485 views ใƒป 2018-07-12

Shaw English Online


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello, everybody.
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ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:01
Welcome to this English course.
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ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
In today's video, I'm going to tell you about nouns.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Because in English, nouns are very important.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅ่ฉžใŒใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
They are the basic element of a sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ่ฆ็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
So if you want to speak English, you need to know about the different kinds
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กž
00:18
of nouns.
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ใฎๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
And I'm going to try and teach you as well as I can.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:23
Let's get started!
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
00:27
Ok, so let's start with concrete nouns.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๅ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:32
Now in English, concrete nouns are people places or things,
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็พๅœจใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅ…ทไฝ“ๅ่ฉžใฏ
00:39
including animals.
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไบบใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚„็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
That you can see, that you can smell, or taste, or hear, or touch.
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅ‘ณใ‚ใ†ใ“ใจใ€่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
00:50
So you can basically use your five senses.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏไบ”ๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
Let me give you a few examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:56
If we talk about people, you could say, a man
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ไบบใ€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใชใ‚‰ใ€็”ทๆ€ง
01:01
or a teacher, or me, Fanny.
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ใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒผใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:06
Or Mr. Smith.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:08
If we talk about places, you could say,
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
01:11
a house, a school.
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ๅฎถใ‚„ๅญฆๆ กใชใฉ ใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:15
You could name a city like London.
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
Very nice city.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใช่ก—ใ€‚
01:19
Or a beach.
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ใพใŸใฏใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€‚
01:20
And if you talk about things, you could say a shoe,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใชใ‚‰ใ€้ดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€
01:25
you could say a marker, you could talk about a dog
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€็Šฌ
01:30
or food like a pizza.
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ใ‚„ใƒ”ใ‚ถใชใฉใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
These are concrete nouns....ok.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ…ทไฝ“ๅ่ฉžใงใ™...ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:38
Now let's move on to abstract nouns.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ่ฉžใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:43
So abstract nouns, unlike concrete nouns, are ideas, concepts, emotions.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ่ฉžใฏๅ…ทไฝ“ๅ่ฉžใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
And you can't see an idea.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:56
You can't smell a concept.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใฎๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
01:58
You can't taste an emotion.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ‘ณใ‚ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:01
Or hear it.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:02
Or touch it.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่งฆใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:03
So they are nouns.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:05
They are things that exist, but you cannot see them, or taste them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ณใ‚ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:09
You can't use your five sense.
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ไบ”ๆ„ŸใŒไฝฟใˆใชใ„ใ€‚
02:13
To give you a few examples, we could talk about love,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ„›ใ€
02:17
or time, or religion,
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅฎ—ๆ•™ใ€
02:22
rules.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
These are all words that represent ideas, concepts...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™...ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:28
okay They're abstract nouns in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Now, let's get into more detail about nouns.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:36
Let's now see the difference between common nouns
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใจๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉž
02:40
and proper nouns which are very important in English.
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ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:44
So common nouns and proper nouns refer to people, places, things, ideas.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใจๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใฏไบบใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€็‰ฉใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
Let's see a few examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:55
We could talk about people for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไบบใ€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
A woman.
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ๅฅณๆ€งใ€‚
02:59
That's a common noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:01
But if we talk about a specific woman, for example, me, Fanny.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ็งใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
03:08
That becomes a proper noun with a capital 'F'.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€ŒFใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:12
because, and you should know this, proper nouns are always capitalized.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใฏๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
You could talk about places.
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
A city.
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่ก—ใ€‚
03:22
That's a common noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
But then you can name a specific city.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
Let's take a great city, London, of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚’ไพ‹ใซๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:31
With a capital 'L'.
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ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€ŒLใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
Remember proper nouns - always capitalized.
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ๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใฏๅฟ…ใšๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใง่กจ่จ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:37
We can talk about things for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
An animal.
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€‚
03:40
Let's take a dog.
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็Šฌใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:41
A dog.
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็Šฌใ€‚
03:42
That's a common noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
But if we take a specific dog, like Snoopy - capital 'S',
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใƒŒใƒผใƒ”ใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šฌใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€ŒSใ€ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
03:50
that's the proper noun.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
If we talk about things again, but for example, a car,
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ่ปŠใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
03:58
that's a common noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:59
But if we name the brand, the specific brand of the car like Volvo,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒœใƒซใƒœใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ปŠใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใซๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€
04:05
that's a proper noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
And it takes a capital 'V'.
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ใใ—ใฆๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€ŒVใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
And finally, and we can say, a team - common noun.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌๅ่ฉžใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:14
But if we name a specific team, for example, the best football team, Manchester United,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ ใƒฆใƒŠใ‚คใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰
04:21
then that's a proper noun and it's capitalized.
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใจใชใ‚Šๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
Now mind you, 'team', is a special word because it's called
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
04:29
a collective noun in English because it refers to a group of people.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใŸใ‚้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใจ ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€็‰นๅˆฅใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:34
So collective nouns can be used as singular nouns or plural nouns.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
But we will talk about this again later.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใพใŸๅพŒใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
So now that we know a lot about nouns in English, Let's practice finding nouns in a sentence.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:51
Okay, first, In my class at Oxford University, I have many
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ใพใšใ€ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ
04:58
friends.
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ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
My best friend is Jan.
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็งใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
I have a lot of love for her.
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็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Jan has a cute dog.
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใฏใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
Its name is Juju.
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ใใฎๅใฏใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ธใƒฅใ€‚
05:10
What are the nouns in these sentences?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธญใฎๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
05:14
If we take the first sentence, In my class at Oxford University, I have many
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใฎ็งใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใฏใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ
05:21
friends.
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ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
We have, class, and friends.
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็งใŸใกใซใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
These are common nouns.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:30
We also have a proper noun, Oxford University.
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ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใจใ„ใ†ๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:35
We know it's a proper noun because it's capitalized.
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ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:40
The second sentence is, My best friend is Jen.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:45
Now in this sentence, the noun is, friend - common noun.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€friend - ๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
And there's also the word, Jen, is also a noun but a proper noun.
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ใพใŸใ€Jen ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:59
As you can see it's capitalized.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:01
Then, I have a lot of love for her.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ„›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
What noun can you see?
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ไฝ•ใฎๅ่ฉžใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:11
Of course, 'love'.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
06:12
Remember the abstract noun we talked about a few minutes ago.
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ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:17
And finally, Jan has a cute dog.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใฏใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:21
Its name is Juju.
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ใใฎๅใฏใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ธใƒฅใ€‚
06:23
What nouns can we find?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ่ฉžใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:25
We can see, 'Jen', again - proper noun.
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ๅ†ใณใ€ŒJenใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:29
'Dog' - common noun.
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ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ - ๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใ€‚
06:31
But also, 'name', and 'Juju'.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œๅๅ‰ใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใ‚‚ใ€‚
06:36
'Name's' a common noun.
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ใ€Œๅๅ‰ใ€ใฏๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
'Juju' is the proper noun.
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ธใƒฅใ€ใฏๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:40
It's capitalized.
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ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
As you probably know, I haven't mentioned, 'I', or 'her', or 'its'.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:49
They are also nouns, but they are pronouns and
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
06:53
they're considered a different category in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅˆฅใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
We will talk about them in another video . Great job guys!
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ ๏ผ
07:01
Thank you for watching my video.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:03
I hope you now have a better understanding of nouns in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃใŒๆทฑใพใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
Please keep practicing.
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ใœใฒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:10
Practice makes perfect.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใฏๅฎŒ็’งใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:11
I'm sure you will very soon be able to recognize nouns in a sentence.
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ใใฃใจใ™ใใซๆ–‡ไธญใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:16
Please make sure to watch my next video as I keep on talking about nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:21
See you.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
07:24
Thank you for watching my video guys.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
07:27
If you've liked this video, please click like, subscribe to our channel, show us
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใ€
07:31
your support, put your comments below and share
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ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€ไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆ
07:42
this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:43
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
07:44
Hello guys!
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ็š†ใ•ใ‚“๏ผ
07:45
And welcome to this English course on nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
07:46
In todayโ€™s video, weโ€™re going to talk about singular and plural nouns.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:53
When you speak English, itโ€™s very important to know the difference between a singular
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐ
07:57
noun and a plural noun.
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ๅ่ฉžใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:00
Ok?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
08:01
So I will explain to you the different rules.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
And we will practice together.
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ใใ—ใฆไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:06
Letโ€™s get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:10
Ok guys, the first you need to know is that a singular noun means one.
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ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใฏ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
So, for example, I can say, โ€˜catโ€™. โ€˜a catโ€™
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œa catใ€ใ€Œone catใ€
08:25
โ€˜one catโ€™ โ€˜schoolโ€™
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ใ€Œschoolใ€ใ€Œa schoolใ€
08:27
โ€˜a schoolโ€™ โ€˜one schoolโ€™
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ใ€Œone schoolใ€ใ€Œteamใ€
08:31
โ€˜teamโ€™ Now donโ€™t forget, โ€˜teamโ€™ is a collective
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œteamใ€ใฏ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:36
noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
Itโ€™s a group of people, but still, itโ€™s a singular noun.
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08:41
We talk about โ€˜a teamโ€™, or โ€˜one team.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ1 ใคใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
โ€˜ladyโ€™ โ€˜monkeyโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒซใ€
08:47
โ€˜tomatoโ€™ โ€˜a tomatoโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€
08:50
โ€˜one tomatoโ€™ Or โ€˜pianoโ€™.
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆ 1 ๅ€‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ€ใ€‚
08:54
Now, if we talk about plural nouns, it means more than one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
So for example, two, three, four, or many.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€2 ใคใ€3 ใคใ€4 ใคใ€ใพใŸใฏๅคšๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
09:05
If we take our words again, โ€˜a catโ€™ becomes โ€˜catsโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใฏใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:10
โ€˜two catsโ€™ โ€˜three catsโ€™
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ใ€Œ็ŒซใŒไบŒๅŒนใ€ใ€Œ็ŒซใŒไธ‰ๅŒนใ€
09:15
โ€˜many catsโ€™ โ€˜schoolโ€™โ€™ becomes โ€˜schoolsโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็ŒซใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€ใŒใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
โ€˜teamโ€™ becomes โ€˜teamsโ€™.
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
Ok, so you just add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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OKใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
Now โ€˜ladyโ€™ becomes โ€˜ladies.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€Œๆท‘ๅฅณใ€ใฏใ€Œๆท‘ๅฅณใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
โ€˜monkeyโ€™ becomes โ€˜monkeysโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็Œฟใ€ใฏใ€Œ็Œฟใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
But, two different rules.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
As you can see, โ€˜ladyโ€™ is consonant + โ€˜yโ€™.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œladyใ€ใฏๅญ้Ÿณ + ใ€Œyใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:43
Now when you have consonant + โ€˜yโ€™, in an English word, the plural will be โ€˜iesโ€™.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๅญ้Ÿณ + 'y' ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏ 'ies' ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:50
โ€˜ladyโ€™ โ€˜ladiesโ€™
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'lady' 'ladys'
09:54
But when you have vowel + โ€˜yโ€™ like โ€˜monkeyโ€™, it just becomes โ€˜monkeysโ€™.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€'monkey' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฏ้Ÿณ + 'y' ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜ใซ 'monkeys' ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:02
You simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:04
Ok, โ€˜monkeyโ€™ becomes โ€˜monkeysโ€™. โ€˜tomatoโ€™ becomes โ€˜tomatoesโ€™.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็Œฟใ€ใฏใ€Œ็Œฟใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:10
โ€˜pianoโ€™ โ€˜pianosโ€™ Again, two different rules.
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ€ ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:15
Now โ€˜tomatoโ€™ becomes โ€˜tomatoesโ€™.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:19
You add โ€˜esโ€™.
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ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:21
And with most words ending in โ€˜oโ€™, so consonant + โ€˜oโ€™, you will add โ€˜esโ€™.
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ใพใŸใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œoใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณ + 'o' ใซ 'es' ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:28
But sometimes, you will only add โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใฎใฟใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
Like โ€˜pianoโ€™, โ€˜pianosโ€™.
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
10:35
There is no particular rule for this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:39
You just need to know the words that only end with an โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ€Œsใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ ใ‘ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:43
Ok, letโ€™s move on to some pronunciation now.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:48
So, when it comes to pronunciation, we have three different sounds.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€็งใŸใกใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:56
The first sound is /s/.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณใฏ/s/ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:01
The second sound is /z/.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณใฏ /z/ ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:05
And the third sounds is /Iz/.
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ใใ—ใฆ3็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณใฏ/Iz/ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:08
So letโ€™s review some words together and be really careful, what sound do you hear?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใซๅๅˆ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:15
โ€˜catsโ€™ โ€˜catsโ€™
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ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ ใ€Œ็Œซใ€
11:18
What can you hear? /s/
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ไฝ•ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
/s/ ็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
11:25
Can you repeat after me.
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11:27
โ€˜catsโ€™ โ€˜catsโ€™
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ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใ€Œ็Œซใ€
11:31
The second word is โ€˜schoolsโ€™. โ€˜schoolsโ€™
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€ใฉใ‚“ใช้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:38
What sound can you hear?
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11:40
Of course, /z/.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€/z/ใ€‚
11:43
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
11:45
โ€˜schoolsโ€™ โ€˜schoolsโ€™
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ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€ ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€
11:47
The third words is โ€˜teamsโ€™.
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3ใค็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:55
What sound can you hear?
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ใฉใ‚“ใช้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:57
Again, /z/.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€/z/ใ€‚
11:59
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
12:01
โ€˜teamsโ€™ โ€˜teamsโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€
12:05
Then we have โ€˜ladiesโ€™. โ€˜ladiesโ€™
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚นใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚นใ€ /z/
12:10
/z/ Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:15
โ€˜ladiesโ€™ โ€˜ladiesโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚นใ€
12:19
Then โ€˜monkeysโ€™. /z/ again.
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œใƒขใƒณใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใ€‚
/z/ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€‚
12:24
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
12:27
โ€˜monkeysโ€™. โ€˜monkeysโ€™
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ใ€Œ็Œฟใ€ใ€‚
ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒซใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:31
Then we have โ€˜tomatoesโ€™.
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12:33
Again, itโ€™s the /z/ sound.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€/z/ ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:40
โ€˜tomatoesโ€™ โ€˜tomatoesโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€
12:42
And finally, โ€˜pianosโ€™. /z/
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ€ใ€‚
/z/ 'pianos'
12:48
โ€˜pianosโ€™ โ€˜pianosโ€™
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'pianos' ๆฌกใซใ€ไป–ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:52
Letโ€™s move on to other rules now.
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12:57
Ok guys, letโ€™s now talk about nouns that end in โ€˜sโ€™, โ€˜shโ€™, โ€˜xโ€™, โ€˜chโ€™,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใ€ใ€Œxใ€ใ€ใ€Œchใ€ใ€
13:05
or โ€˜zโ€™.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œzใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:07
Now to make the plural form of these nouns, you will add โ€˜esโ€™.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:12
And the sound will be /Iz/.
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ใใ—ใฆ้Ÿณใฏ/Iz/ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:15
Letโ€™s review some words together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:19
โ€˜busโ€™ becomes โ€˜busesโ€™. โ€˜bushโ€™ โ€˜bushesโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œ่—ชใ€ ใ€Œ่—ชใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใ€ ใ€Œ
13:27
โ€˜foxโ€™ โ€˜foxesโ€™ โ€˜beachโ€™ โ€˜beachesโ€™
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ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€
13:34
โ€˜quizโ€™ โ€˜quizzesโ€™ Can you repeat after me?
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:40
โ€˜busesโ€™ โ€˜busesโ€™ โ€˜bushesโ€™ โ€˜bushesโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œ่—ชใ€ ใ€Œ่—ชใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใ€ ใ€Œ
13:48
โ€˜foxesโ€™ โ€˜foxesโ€™ โ€˜beachesโ€™ โ€˜beachesโ€™
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ใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใ€ ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€
13:55
โ€˜quizzesโ€™ โ€˜quizzesโ€™ Letโ€™s move on.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€ ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:04
Ok, guys.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:08
Moving on to nouns that end in โ€˜fโ€™ or โ€˜feโ€™.
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ใ€Œfใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œfeใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:18
For example, โ€˜roofโ€™ becomes โ€˜roofsโ€™. โ€˜safeโ€™ โ€˜safesโ€™
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฑ‹ๆ นใ€ใฏใ€Œๅฑ‹ๆ นใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
'safe' 'safes' ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:25
So you simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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14:29
Then we have โ€˜leafโ€™ that becomes โ€˜leavesโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€ใŒใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:32
Wait a minute.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚
14:33
What happened?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
14:35
Well, ya, sometimes in English, a word ending in โ€˜fโ€™ becomes a word ending in โ€˜vesโ€™
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€Œfใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒ
14:44
in plural.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎใ€Œvesใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:45
Thatโ€™s not a rule.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:47
But some words end in โ€˜vesโ€™, you just have to learn them Iโ€™m afraid.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œvesใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:53
Another word, โ€˜wifeโ€™.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๅฆปใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:55
And again, โ€˜vesโ€™. โ€˜wivesโ€™
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ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใƒดใ‚งใ‚นใ€ใ€‚
ใ€Œๅฆปใ€ใ€Œๆฃšใ€ใ€Œๆฃšใ€
15:00
โ€˜shelfโ€™ โ€˜shelvesโ€™ Again, this โ€˜vesโ€™ ending.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œvesใ€ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚
15:06
Now letโ€™s focus on pronunciation.
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ใ“ใ“ใง็™บ้Ÿณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:09
โ€˜roofsโ€™ So itโ€™s an /s/ sound.
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ใ€Œๅฑ‹ๆ นใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€/s/ ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
15:19
โ€˜roofsโ€™ โ€˜roofsโ€™
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ใ€Œๅฑ‹ๆ นใ€ ใ€Œๅฑ‹ๆ นใ€
15:22
Good job.
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ใŠ็–ฒใ‚Œๆง˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:25
โ€˜safesโ€™ โ€˜safesโ€™
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ใ€Œ้‡‘ๅบซใ€ ใ€Œ้‡‘ๅบซใ€
15:29
Have you heard the /s/ sound?
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/s/ ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
15:35
โ€˜safesโ€™ Then we have โ€˜leavesโ€™.
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ใ€Œ้‡‘ๅบซใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:39
And this time itโ€™s a /z/ sound.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๅ›žใฏ/z/ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
15:42
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
15:44
โ€˜leavesโ€™ โ€˜leavesโ€™
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ใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€ ใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€
15:48
Great.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
15:51
Moving on.
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ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
15:53
โ€˜wivesโ€™ โ€˜wivesโ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฆปใŸใกใ€ ใ€ŒๅฆปใŸใกใ€
15:58
And finally, โ€˜shelvesโ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆฃšใ€
16:04
โ€˜shelvesโ€™ Great job guys.
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ใ€Œๆฃšใ€ ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:07
Letโ€™s move on to practice now.
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ใงใฏๆ—ฉ้€Ÿ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:09
Well students, letโ€™s now practice together.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:13
Iโ€™m going to give you a singular noun, and I want you to try and find the plural form
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไธ€ใคใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€
16:20
of this singular noun.
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:22
Ok?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
16:23
Letโ€™s give it a try.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
16:25
The first word is โ€˜babyโ€™. โ€˜babyโ€™
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œใƒ™ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒผใ€ ๅญ้Ÿณ+ใ€Œyใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:31
Donโ€™t forget, it ends with consonant + โ€˜yโ€™.
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16:37
Do you remember the rule?
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:39
Itโ€™s โ€˜babiesโ€™ with โ€˜iesโ€™.
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ใ€Œiesใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸใ€Œbabysใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:45
Very nice.
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้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
16:46
โ€˜babyโ€™ โ€˜babiesโ€™ The second word is โ€˜toyโ€™.
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ใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ 2ใค็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:50
Hmmm, vowel + โ€˜yโ€™.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ + 'y'ใ€‚
16:55
So this time, โ€˜toysโ€™.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ€ใ€‚
16:58
You simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:01
Then we have โ€˜wishโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œ้ก˜ใ„ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:04
Wish is a word that ends in โ€˜shโ€™.
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Wish ใฏใ€Œshใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
17:10
Remember the rule.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:12
โ€˜wishesโ€™ You add โ€˜esโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใซใ€Œใ‚จใ‚นใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:15
โ€˜taxiโ€™ becomes โ€˜taxisโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:20
You simply add an โ€˜sโ€™. โ€˜choiceโ€™ โ€˜choicesโ€™
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ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
'choice' 'choices' ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:27
Simply add an โ€˜sโ€™ as well.
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17:30
Then we have the word โ€˜wolfโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œ็‹ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:32
Aha!
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ใ‚ใ‚๏ผ
17:33
Itโ€™s a word ending in โ€˜fโ€™.
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ใ€Œfใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
17:38
Is it a word with โ€˜vesโ€™?
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ใ€Œvesใ€ใŒใคใ„ใŸๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:41
It is.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:44
โ€˜wolvesโ€™ And finally,
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
17:46
โ€˜photoโ€™ Now remember the words ending in โ€˜oโ€™?
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ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:51
You can add โ€˜esโ€™ or simply โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ€Œesใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:55
Well with photo, you simply add an โ€˜sโ€™. โ€˜photosโ€™
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ๅ†™็œŸใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸใ€ ใ“ใ“ใง็™บ้Ÿณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
18:01
Now if we focus on pronunciation now.
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18:05
Repeat the words after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:09
โ€˜babiesโ€™ The sound is /z/
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ใ€Œใƒ™ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒผใ‚บใ€ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ /z/ ใงใ™
18:13
โ€˜babiesโ€™ โ€˜toysโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ™ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒผใ‚บใ€ ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ€
18:19
โ€˜toysโ€™ โ€˜wishesโ€™
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ€ ใ€Œ้ก˜ใ„ใ€
18:24
Remember this /Iz/ sound?
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ใ“ใฎ /Iz/ ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
18:26
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
18:29
โ€˜wishesโ€™ โ€˜taxisโ€™
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ใ€Œ้ก˜ใ„ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใ€
18:32
โ€˜taxisโ€™ โ€˜choicesโ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใ€ ใ€Œ้ธๆŠžใ€
18:36
โ€˜choicesโ€™ โ€˜wolvesโ€™
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ใ€Œ้ธๆŠžใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใ€
18:40
โ€˜wolvesโ€™ And finally,
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
18:46
โ€˜photosโ€™ โ€˜photosโ€™ Excellent job guys.
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ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸใ€ ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸใ€ ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:55
Now letโ€™s move on to some example sentences.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:03
I have some example sentences for you guys.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:07
Using singular and plural nouns.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
19:09
I would like you to repeat the sentences after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใๆ–‡ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:13
And be really careful to sue proper pronunciation.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฟƒใŒใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:17
Letโ€™s get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:20
First, โ€˜I want a dog.โ€™
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ใพใšใ€Œ็ŠฌใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
19:24
โ€˜I like dogs.โ€™
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'็งใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅฅฝใใ€‚'
19:28
Repeat after me, guys.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:29
โ€˜I want a dog.โ€™
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'็งใฏ็ŠฌใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚'
19:31
โ€˜I like dogs.โ€™
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'็งใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅฅฝใใ€‚'
19:39
The second sentence.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใ€‚
19:41
โ€˜I donโ€™t want a fox.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
19:45
โ€˜I donโ€™t like foxes.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
19:49
After me, guys.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:50
โ€˜I donโ€™t want a fox.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
19:52
โ€˜I donโ€™t like foxes.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ญใƒ„ใƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
19:57
Great, moving on the to the third sentence.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
20:05
โ€˜I bought a watch.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
20:08
โ€˜I have many watches.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:12
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
20:13
โ€˜I bought a watch.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
20:17
โ€˜I have many watches.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:25
Good job.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:27
Sentence four now.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏๆ–‡ 4 ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:29
โ€˜I have a new stereo.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒฌใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:32
โ€˜Now, I have two stereos.โ€™
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ใ€ŒไปŠใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒฌใ‚ชใŒ 2 ๅฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:35
After me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใ€‚
20:37
โ€˜I have a new stereo.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒฌใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:42
โ€˜Now, I have two stereos.โ€™
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ใ€ŒไปŠใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒฌใ‚ชใŒ 2 ๅฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:45
Excellent!
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ
20:51
And finally, โ€˜Thereโ€™s a knife.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ŒใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
20:54
โ€˜There are six knives in the kitchen.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใซใฏใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใŒ6ๆœฌใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
20:59
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
21:00
โ€˜Thereโ€™s a knife.โ€™
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ใ€ŒใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
21:02
โ€˜There are six knives in the kitchen.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใซใฏใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใŒ6ๆœฌใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
21:09
Amazing job guys.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ‚ˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
21:14
Very nice.
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้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
21:15
I hoped this has helped.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:17
I hope you now understand better, singular and plural nouns in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:22
Now, I havenโ€™t talked about all the pronunciation rules,
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็™บ้Ÿณใƒซใƒผใƒซใฎใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
21:27
But I hope you have a good sense now of how pronounce plural forms.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:33
Make sure you watch my next video if you want to know more about nouns in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:38
Thank you very much for watching guys.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:41
Thank you for watching my video, guys!
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†๏ผ
21:47
If youโ€™ve liked this video, please show me your support.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:50
Click โ€˜likeโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:51
Subscribe to the channel.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:53
Put your comments below and share the video.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:57
See you.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
22:01
Hello, guys.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:05
Welcome to this English course on nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
22:08
In todayโ€™s video, Iโ€™m going to tell you about irregular plural nouns.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:15
Now there are crazy ways of making plural forms in English.
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ไปŠใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:19
And there are a lot of irregular forms.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชๅฝขใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:21
I want you to know about them, so letโ€™s get started.
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ใœใฒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:29
Again, guys, there are so many irregular plural forms in English.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใช่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:35
And Iโ€™m afraid there are no particular rules.
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‰นใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:39
You just need to learn the words.
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ใŸใ ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:41
But Iโ€™m going to try and tell you about the most common ones.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:46
Ok?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
22:47
Letโ€™s review some words together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:49
Ok, so, for example.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€‚
22:52
We have a singular noun which is โ€˜womanโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:56
Itโ€™s plural form is โ€˜womenโ€™. โ€˜womanโ€™ โ€˜womenโ€™
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ€Œwomenใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œ็”ทๆ€งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:04
Then we have โ€˜manโ€™.
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23:05
The singular noun, โ€˜a manโ€™, it becomes โ€˜menโ€™.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใ€Œa manใ€ใ ใจใ€Œmenใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:11
โ€˜a childโ€™ becomes โ€˜childrenโ€™ โ€˜a toothโ€™ โ€˜teethโ€™
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ใ€Œa childใ€ใฏใ€Œchildrenใ€ใ€ใ€Œa tongueใ€ใฏใ€Œteethใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
23:19
โ€˜a footโ€™ becomes โ€˜feetโ€™ โ€˜a personโ€™ becomes โ€˜peopleโ€™.
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a footใ€ใฏใ€Œfeetใ€ใ€ใ€Œa personใ€ใฏใ€Œpeopleใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:28
โ€˜a mouseโ€™ becomes โ€˜miceโ€™ Ok, letโ€™s move on to pronunciation now.
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ่ฉฑใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:36
Well students, letโ€™s work on pronunciation a bit.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:40
Please repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:45
โ€˜womanโ€™ โ€˜womanโ€™ โ€˜womenโ€™ โ€˜womenโ€™
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ใ€Œๅฅณใ€ใ€Œๅฅณใ€ใ€Œๅฅณใ€ใ€Œๅฅณใ€
23:58
Good.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
24:01
โ€˜manโ€™ โ€˜manโ€™ โ€˜menโ€™ โ€˜menโ€™
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ใ€Œ็”ทใ€ใ€Œ็”ทใ€ใ€Œ็”ทใ€ใ€Œ็”ทใ€ใ€Œ
24:14
โ€˜childโ€™ โ€˜childโ€™ โ€˜childrenโ€™ โ€˜childrenโ€™
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ๅญไพ›ใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ€
24:26
Very good guys.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅฅดใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚
24:28
Moving on.
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ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
24:31
โ€˜toothโ€™ โ€˜toothโ€™ โ€˜teethโ€™ โ€˜teethโ€™
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ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€Œ่ถณ
24:44
โ€˜footโ€™ โ€˜footโ€™ โ€˜feetโ€™ โ€˜feetโ€™
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ใ€ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€Œ
24:57
โ€˜personโ€™ โ€˜personโ€™ โ€˜peopleโ€™ โ€˜peopleโ€™
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ไบบใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€
25:10
Very good guys.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅฅดใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚
25:11
And the last one.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใงใ™ใ€‚
25:14
โ€˜mouseโ€™ โ€˜mouseโ€™ โ€˜miceโ€™ โ€˜miceโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€
25:22
Excellent, guys.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:26
Letโ€™s now move on to other irregular plural forms.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ไป–ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:33
Now there are words that have the exact same singular and plural forms.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใจ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:38
They are not common, but you need to know a few.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:43
Letโ€™s take a look together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:46
As you can see, โ€˜sheepโ€™ is the singular form.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œsheepใ€ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
25:51
But the plural form is not โ€˜sheepsโ€™.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ€Œ็พŠใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:55
It is โ€˜sheepโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็พŠใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:59
Same goes for โ€˜deerโ€™ โ€˜deerโ€™. โ€˜mooseโ€™ โ€˜mooseโ€™
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ใ€Œ้นฟใ€ใ€Œ้นฟใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œใƒ˜ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใ€ ใ€Œใƒ˜ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใ€ ใ€Œ้ญšใ€ ใ€Œ้ญšใ€ ใ€Œ
26:05
โ€˜fishโ€™ โ€˜fishโ€™ โ€˜aircraftโ€™ โ€˜aircraftโ€™
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่ˆช็ฉบๆฉŸใ€ ใ€Œ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œ็พŠใŒ 1 ๅŒน่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:10
Ok, so you will say, โ€œI see one sheep.โ€
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26:17
But also, โ€œI see two sheep.โ€
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใพใŸใ€ใ€ŒไบŒๅŒนใฎ็พŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
26:21
The exact same word.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:23
Ok, letโ€™s go back for pronunciation.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ่ฉฑใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:26
I want you to repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
26:30
โ€˜sheepโ€™ โ€˜sheepโ€™ โ€˜deerโ€™ โ€˜deerโ€™
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ใ€Œ็พŠใ€ใ€Œ็พŠใ€ใ€Œ้นฟใ€ใ€Œ้นฟใ€ใ€Œใƒ˜ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใ€ใ€Œใƒ˜ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซ
26:42
โ€˜mooseโ€™ โ€˜mooseโ€™ โ€˜fishโ€™ โ€˜fishโ€™
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ใ€ใ€Œ้ญšใ€ใ€Œ้ญšใ€
26:54
โ€˜aircraftโ€™ โ€˜aircraftโ€™ Good job guys.
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ใ€Œ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ใ€Œ่ˆช็ฉบๆฉŸใ€ ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŠ็–ฒใ‚Œๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:00
Letโ€™s move to other irregular forms.
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ไป–ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชๅฝขใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:05
Some nouns are never singular.
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ๅ่ฉžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:08
We always use their plural forms.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅธธใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:11
I have a few common ones for you guys.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซๅ…ฑ้€šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:14
Letโ€™s have a look.
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ใฟใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:16
โ€˜jeansโ€™ โ€˜pantsโ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใ€
27:21
โ€˜glassesโ€™ โ€˜sunglassesโ€™
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ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ฌใƒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€
27:25
โ€˜clothesโ€™ โ€˜scissorsโ€™
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ใ€Œๆœใ€ ใ€Œใƒใ‚ตใƒŸใ€
27:29
โ€˜pajamasโ€™ So you will say, โ€œI have some jeans.โ€
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒžใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:35
Or, โ€œI have scissors.โ€
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒใ‚ตใƒŸใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
27:38
But you cannot say, โ€œI have a jean.โ€
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:43
It is incorrect in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใจใ—ใฆใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:45
Letโ€™s work a bit on pronunciation.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:50
Repeat after me, please.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:56
โ€˜jeansโ€™ โ€˜jeansโ€™ โ€˜pantsโ€™ โ€˜pantsโ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใ€
28:07
โ€˜glassesโ€™ โ€˜glassesโ€™ โ€˜sunglassesโ€™ โ€˜sunglassesโ€™
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ใ€Œ็œผ้กใ€ ใ€Œ็œผ้กใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ ใ€Œ
28:18
โ€˜clothesโ€™ โ€˜clothesโ€™ โ€˜scissorsโ€™ โ€˜scissorsโ€™
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ๆœใ€ ใ€Œๆœใ€ ใ€Œใƒใ‚ตใƒŸใ€ ใ€Œใƒใ‚ตใƒŸใ€
28:29
And finally, โ€˜pajamasโ€™ โ€˜pajamasโ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒžใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒžใ€
28:37
Good guys.
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ใ„ใ„ใ‚„ใคใ‚‰ใ€‚
28:38
Letโ€™s now look at other irregular plural forms.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ไป–ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:43
Now, just a few words about nouns in English that have Latin and Greek origins.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใจใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใซ็”ฑๆฅใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:52
Their plural forms are very weird.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:55
Itโ€™s a bit complicated, so weโ€™re not going to into too much detail.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใชใฎใงใ€่ฉณใ—ใใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:59
Donโ€™t worry too much about them.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:02
But just a few words that I think you should know.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ ใจๆ€ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:06
First, we have words ending in โ€˜aโ€™.
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:11
Their plural form will end in โ€˜aeโ€™.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ€Œaeใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:15
For example, โ€˜antennaโ€™ becomes โ€˜antennaeโ€™
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒ†ใƒŠใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒ†ใƒŠใ€ใ€ŒๅŒ็ช“ไผšใ€ใ€ŒๅŒ็ช“ไผšใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:21
โ€˜alumnaโ€™ โ€˜alumnaeโ€™ Words ending in โ€˜usโ€™, us, will end in
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œiใ€
29:30
โ€˜iโ€™. โ€˜octopusโ€™ โ€˜octopiโ€™
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ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ณใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ณใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใƒ†ใƒณใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒœใƒ†ใƒณใ€
29:36
โ€˜cactusโ€™ โ€˜cactiโ€™ Words ending in โ€˜isโ€™, will end in โ€˜esโ€™.
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ใ€Œisใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œesใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚จใ‚นใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:45
โ€˜isโ€™ becomes โ€˜esโ€™.
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29:49
For example, โ€˜analysisโ€™ โ€˜analysesโ€™ โ€˜diagnosisโ€™ โ€˜diagnosesโ€™
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅˆ†ๆžใ€ใ€Œๅˆ†ๆžใ€ใ€Œ่จบๆ–ญใ€ใ€Œ่จบๆ–ญใ€
29:59
And finally, words ending in โ€˜onโ€™, end in โ€˜aโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œaใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
30:07
โ€˜criterionโ€™ โ€˜criteriaโ€™ โ€˜phenomenonโ€™ โ€˜phenomenaโ€™
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ใ€ŒๅŸบๆบ–ใ€ ใ€ŒๅŸบๆบ–ใ€ ใ€Œ็พ่ฑกใ€ ใ€Œ็พ่ฑกใ€
30:13
These plural forms are very difficult, guys.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
30:16
Even native speakers make a lot of mistakes, so donโ€™t worry too much about them.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ‚‚้–“้•ใ„ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:22
I just wanted to give you a little taste of Latin and Greek plurals.
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ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใจใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่งฆใ‚ŒใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:29
Letโ€™s move on to example sentences now.
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ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:33
Ok, guys.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:34
I have a few example sentences for you.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ”็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:37
Itโ€™s a great opportunity to practice saying irregular plural forms in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงไธ่ฆๅ‰‡่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’่จ€ใ†็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆฉŸไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
30:45
Be very careful to use proper pronunciation as well.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅฟƒใŒใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:49
Letโ€™s start.
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ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:51
First, โ€˜my sister has one childโ€™ โ€˜my brother has two childrenโ€™.
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฆนใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒ1ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œๅ…„ใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒ2ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
30:59
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
31:01
โ€˜my sister has one childโ€™ โ€˜my brother has two childrenโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฆนใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒ 1 ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…„ใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒ 2 ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
31:12
Next.
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ๆฌกใ€‚
31:15
โ€˜Iโ€™m a quiet person, so I donโ€™t talk to many people.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ็‰ฉ้™ใ‹ใชๆ€งๆ ผใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไบบใจ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
31:22
Please repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:25
โ€˜Iโ€™m a quiet person, so I donโ€™t talk to many people.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ็‰ฉ้™ใ‹ใชๆ€งๆ ผใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไบบใจ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
31:39
Good guys.
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่‰ฏใ„ไบบใŸใกใ‚ˆใ€‚
31:40
Next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ€‚
31:42
โ€˜Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake?โ€™
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ใ€Œๆน–ใง้ญšใ‚’ไธ€ๅŒนๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไบŒๅŒนๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
31:50
Repeat after me, please.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:51
โ€˜Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake?โ€™
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ใ€Œๆน–ใง้ญšใ‚’ไธ€ๅŒนๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไบŒๅŒนๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
32:06
Very good.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
32:08
Next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ€‚
32:10
โ€˜I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒกใ‚ฌใƒใ‚’ 1 ใคใจใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ 2 ใคๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:17
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
32:19
โ€˜I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒกใ‚ฌใƒใ‚’ 1 ใคใจใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ 2 ใคๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:29
Excellent, guys.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
32:36
And finally, โ€˜He has one cactus in his front yard, but
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎๅ‰ๅบญใซใฏใ‚ตใƒœใƒ†ใƒณใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
32:42
many cacti in his back yard.โ€™
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่ฃๅบญใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ตใƒœใƒ†ใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:45
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
32:47
โ€˜He has one cactus in his front yard, but many cacti in his back yard.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฎๅ‰ๅบญใซใฏใ‚ตใƒœใƒ†ใƒณใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฃๅบญใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ตใƒœใƒ†ใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
33:01
Ok, students.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ€‚
33:05
I hope you repeated after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:08
And you practiced your pronunciation.
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ใใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
33:11
I hope you now have a better understanding of irregular plural forms in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃใŒๆทฑใพใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:17
There are many of them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:19
Not many rules to follow.
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ๅพ“ใ†ในใใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:21
A lot of words to memorize.
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่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ในใๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:23
But, Iโ€™m sure with a little bit of practice, you can do it.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅฟ…ใšใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:28
Thank you for watching my video.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:30
Make sure you watch the other videos as well.
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ไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ใœใฒใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
33:33
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
33:34
Thank you guys for watching my video.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
33:39
If youโ€™ve liked this video, please, show me your support.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:44
Click โ€˜like, subscribe to our channel, put your comments below, and share the video.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใ€ไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
33:49
Thank you very much.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:52
See you.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
33:55
Hello guys, welcome back to this English course on nouns.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
34:01
In todayโ€™s video, Iโ€™m going to tell you about compound nouns.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:06
They are very common in English and there are thousands of them.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ๅƒใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:10
You need to know about them.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:13
Letโ€™s get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
34:17
A compound noun is made up of two different words.
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่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
34:22
So you take two words, you put them together, to create a new noun.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:27
Theyโ€™re usually quite easy to understand.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
34:30
For example, โ€˜full moonโ€™.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œๆบ€ๆœˆใ€ใ€‚
34:33
โ€˜Fullโ€™ is obviously the adjective describing the moon.
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ใ€Œๆบ€ๆœˆใ€ใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆœˆใ‚’่กจใ™ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
34:38
Letโ€™s take a look at other examples, and how to create compound nouns.
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ไป–ใฎไพ‹ใจ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฎไฝœๆˆๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
34:44
Sometimes, compound nouns are a single noun.
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่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใŒๅ˜ไธ€ใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:49
Like, โ€˜toothpasteโ€™.
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ใ€Œๆญฏ็ฃจใ็ฒ‰ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
34:50
Sometimes, theyโ€™re two or more words hyphenated.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใงใคใชใŒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:56
Such as โ€˜mother-in-lawโ€™.
483
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ใ€Œ็พฉๆฏใ€ใชใฉใ€‚
34:58
And sometimes, theyโ€™re two separate words, like โ€˜ice creamโ€™.
484
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:03
Now, you have to be careful.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:06
Sometimes, you have a simple adjective plus a noun like โ€˜a green houseโ€™.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œa green houseใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:13
But you also have a compound noun which is a different meaning.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:17
โ€˜A greenhouseโ€™.
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ใ€Œๆธฉๅฎคใ€ใ€‚
35:18
Now, โ€˜a green houseโ€™, is a house which is green.
489
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒชใƒผใƒณใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ใจใฏใ€็ท‘ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎถใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
35:24
But the compound noun, โ€˜a greenhouseโ€™, is a place where you grow plants.
490
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ€Œๆธฉๅฎคใ€ใฏๆค็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:31
Completely different meaning.
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ๅ…จใ้•ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚
35:33
Ok, so you have to be careful.
492
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
35:36
Stresses can help.
493
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:38
Usually the stress is on the first syllable in compound nouns.
494
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้€šๅธธใ€ๅผทๅ‹ขใฏ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:43
Ok, I hope you get it guys.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:46
Letโ€™s take a closer look now at compound nouns.
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ใงใฏใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:49
Ok, letโ€™s now take a look at the parts of speech that make up a compound noun.
497
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ“่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:57
We can have a noun and another noun.
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ๅ่ฉžใจๅˆฅใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:01
Like, โ€˜bedroomโ€™.
499
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ใ€Œๅฏๅฎคใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:03
We can also have a noun and a verb.
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ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:06
Like, โ€˜haircutโ€™.
501
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ใ€Œๆ•ฃ้ซชใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:08
A noun and a preposition.
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ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€‚
36:11
Like, โ€˜passer-byโ€™.
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ใ€Œ้€š่กŒไบบใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:13
A verb and a noun.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใ€‚
36:16
Like, โ€˜washing machineโ€™.
505
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ใ€Œๆด—ๆฟฏๆฉŸใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:19
A verb and a preposition.
506
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€‚
36:22
Like, โ€˜drawbackโ€™.
507
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ใ€Œๆฌ ็‚นใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:24
A preposition and a noun.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใ€‚
36:27
Like, โ€˜undergroundโ€™.
509
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ใ€Œๅœฐไธ‹ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:28
An adjective and a ver.
510
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€‚
36:31
Like, โ€˜dry-cleaningโ€™.
511
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:33
An adjective and a noun.
512
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใ€‚
36:36
Like, โ€˜softwareโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:39
Or a preposition and a verb.
514
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
36:42
Like, โ€˜inputโ€™.
515
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ใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใƒ—ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
36:45
As you can see guys, there are so many ways to create compound nouns with different words.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:51
Now letโ€™s get back to our example for pronunciation.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎไพ‹ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
36:55
Please repeat after me.
518
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
36:58
Bedroom Bedroom
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ๅฏๅฎค ๅฏๅฎค
37:02
Haircut Haircut
520
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ๆ•ฃ้ซช ๆ•ฃ้ซช
37:09
Passer-by Passer-by
521
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้€š่กŒไบบ ้€š่กŒไบบ
37:16
Washing machine Washing machine
522
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ๆด—ๆฟฏๆฉŸ ๆด—ๆฟฏๆฉŸใฎ
37:24
Drawback Drawback
523
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ๆฌ ็‚น ๆฌ ็‚น
37:31
Underground Underground
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ๅœฐไธ‹ ๅœฐไธ‹
37:38
Dry-cleaning Dry-cleaning
525
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ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ
37:45
Software Software
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ข ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ข
37:52
Input Input
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ๅ…ฅๅŠ› ๅ…ฅๅŠ›
37:59
Good job guys.
528
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ใŠ็–ฒใ‚Œๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:00
Now letโ€™s now move on to plural compound nouns.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:05
So when we want to make compound nouns plural, there are rules to follow.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ๅพ“ใ†ในใใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:12
If you have a single word, you simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
531
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ๅ˜ไธ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:17
But if you have separate words, whether hyphenated or not, you will make the most significant
532
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช
38:24
word plural.
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:26
Letโ€™s take a look at examples.
534
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:30
โ€˜Newspaperโ€™ will simply be โ€˜newspapersโ€™.
535
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ใ€Œๆ–ฐ่žใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œๆ–ฐ่žใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:35
So I have man newspapers.
536
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏ็”ทๆ€งๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:39
Swimming pool.
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ใ‚นใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ€‚
38:40
Now, whatโ€™s the most significant word?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
38:44
Well, it is โ€˜poolโ€™.
539
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:47
So we will say, โ€˜there are two swimming poolsโ€™.
540
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใฏ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
38:51
You cannot say, โ€˜there are two swimmings pools.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
38:56
No โ€˜sโ€™ at swimming.
542
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ๆฐดๆณณใงใฏใ€Œใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:00
Brother-in-law Whatโ€™s the most significant word?
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็พฉ็†ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
39:03
Well of course, it is โ€˜brotherโ€™.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€Œๅ…„ๅผŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
39:06
So you will say, โ€œI have two brothers-in-lawโ€.
545
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ใใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ็พฉ็†ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใŒ2ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:10
And finally, โ€˜woman doctorโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€ŒๅฅณๅŒปใ€ใ€‚
39:14
Now, whatโ€™s the most significant word?
547
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:18
Actually, both words are significant.
548
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
39:23
So we will both make them plural.
549
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:26
Remember, the plural form of โ€˜womanโ€™ is โ€˜womenโ€™.
550
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ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
39:31
So we will say, โ€œFour women doctors work at the hospitalโ€.
551
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใใฎ็—…้™ขใซใฏ 4 ไบบใฎๅฅณๆ€งๅŒปๅธซใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:38
Letโ€™s work on pronunciation.
552
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็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:42
Can you repeat after me, please.
553
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
39:44
I have man newspapers.
554
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็งใฏ็”ทๆ€งๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:50
I have man newspapers.
555
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็งใฏ็”ทๆ€งๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:57
There are two swimming pools.
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ใ‚นใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:03
There are two swimming pools.
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ใ‚นใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:09
I have two brothers-in-law.
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็งใซใฏ็พฉ็†ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใŒ2ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:13
I have two brothers-in-law.
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็งใซใฏ็พฉ็†ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใŒ2ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:18
And finally, Four women doctors work at the hospital.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎ็—…้™ขใซใฏ4ไบบใฎๅฅณๆ€งๅŒปๅธซใŒๅ‹คๅ‹™ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:26
Four women doctors work at the hospital.
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ใ“ใฎ็—…้™ขใซใฏ4ไบบใฎๅฅณๆ€งๅŒปๅธซใŒๅ‹คๅ‹™ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
40:33
Good job guys.
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ใ„ใ„ใžใ€‚
40:34
Now letโ€™s move on to practice.
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ใงใฏใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:38
To practice, I have a few sentences.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:41
And I want you to tell me if we are using compound nouns or not.
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ใใ‚Œใจใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:46
Letโ€™s take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:49
I want to drink some cold water.
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ๅ†ทใŸใ„ๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:53
Is โ€˜cold waterโ€™ a compound noun?
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ใ€Œๅ†ทๆฐดใ€ใฏ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
40:57
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:00
It isnโ€™t.
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ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
41:01
โ€˜Coldโ€™ is a simply adjective describing the water.
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ใ€Œๅ†ทใŸใ„ใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซๆฐดใ‚’่กจใ™ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
41:06
She has a new boy friend.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:10
Is boy friend a compound noun?
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ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:13
Well, it isnโ€™t in this case.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
41:16
Heโ€™s your friend and heโ€™s a boy.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใงใ€็”ทใฎๅญใงใ™ใ€‚
41:19
But the compound noun, โ€˜boyfriendโ€™, in one word, exists and has a different meaning.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่จ€ใงใ€Œใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
41:25
Then, your boyfriend is more than a friend.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฝผๆฐใฏๅ‹้”ไปฅไธŠใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:28
Heโ€™s the boy youโ€™re having a relationship with.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”ทใฎๅญใงใ™ใ€‚
41:33
Other example.
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ไป–ใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
41:35
The blue bird was singing in the tree.
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้’ใ„้ณฅใŒๆœจใฎไธŠใง้ณดใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
41:39
Is โ€˜blue birdโ€™ a compound noun?
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ใ€Œ้’ใ„้ณฅใ€ใฏ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:42
Not in this case.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:44
Itโ€™s a simple bird and itโ€™s blue.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช้ณฅใงใ€้’่‰ฒใงใ™ใ€‚
41:47
But, the compound noun, โ€˜bluebirdโ€™, in one word, exists.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€Œใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:52
Itโ€™s a specific bird.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ณฅใงใ™ใ€‚
41:54
Letโ€™s meet at the bus stop.
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ใƒใ‚นๅœใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
41:58
Is โ€˜bus stopโ€™ a compound noun?
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚นๅœใ€ใฏ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
42:03
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
42:05
It is.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:08
I have two alarms clock.
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็งใฏ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’๏ผ’ใคๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:11
What about โ€˜alarms clockโ€™?
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ใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
42:13
Well, it is a compound noun, but there is a big mistake.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅคงใใช้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:19
Can you see it?
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่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
42:21
Of course, the plural form.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
42:23
The plural form is not โ€˜alarms clockโ€™.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:26
But, โ€˜alarm clocksโ€™.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใ€‚
42:29
Because the most significant word is โ€˜clockโ€™.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:32
Ok guys, letโ€™s move on.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
42:36
Thank you for watching.
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ใ”ๆธ…่ฆงใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
42:38
I hope you better understand compound nouns and how to create them.
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่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใจใใฎไฝœๆˆๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:43
There are so many compound nouns in the English language, but they are usually very easy to
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ
42:49
understand.
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็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
42:50
And if youโ€™re not sure, look it up in a dictionary.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ่พžๆ›ธใง่ชฟในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
42:53
The dictionary will tell you if itโ€™s a compound noun or not.
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่พžๆ›ธใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ค‡ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:58
Thank you for watching guys.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:00
And see you in the next videos.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
43:03
Thank you for watching my video guys.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
43:06
If youโ€™ve liked it, please show me your support.
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใœใฒใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:10
Click, โ€˜likeโ€™, subscribe to our channel, put your comments below, and share the video.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใ€ไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
43:17
See you.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
43:20
Hello, guys.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:24
Welcome back to this English course on nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
43:29
In this video, Iโ€™m going to tell you about countable and uncountable nouns.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:34
Itโ€™s very important to know the difference between countable and uncountable nouns in
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่‹ฑ่ชž ใฎๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
43:40
English.
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ใ€‚
43:42
And students often get confused.
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ใใ—ใฆๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ‚ˆใๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:44
So please listen to me very carefully.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
43:48
Letโ€™s get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
43:52
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
43:58
Uncountable nouns are nouns that you canโ€™t count.
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ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
44:01
Theyโ€™re usually a type or a group.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใพใŸใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:04
And theyโ€™re always singular.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅธธใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
44:06
Letโ€™s look at a few examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
44:10
Countable nouns โ€“ you can say, โ€œa dog.โ€
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉž โ€“ ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
44:13
You can say, โ€œone dog,โ€ โ€œtwo dogs,โ€ โ€œthree dogs,โ€ and so on.
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ใ€Œ็ŠฌใŒ 1 ๅŒนใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ŠฌใŒ 2 ๅŒนใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ŠฌใŒ 3 ๅŒนใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
44:19
โ€œMan.โ€
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"็”ทใ€‚"
44:20
You can say, โ€œa man.โ€
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ใ€Œ็”ทใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
44:22
โ€œTwo men.โ€
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"2ไบบใฎ็”ทๆ€งใ€‚"
44:24
โ€œIdea.โ€
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1000
"ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€‚"
44:25
You can say, โ€œone idea,โ€ โ€œtwo ideas,โ€ and so on.
630
2665240
3450
ใ€Œ1 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ€ใ€Œ2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
44:28
โ€œComputer.โ€
631
2668690
1000
"ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚"
44:29
Again, you can say, โ€œone computer, two computers.โ€
632
2669690
3889
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ1 ๅฐใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ€2 ๅฐใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
44:33
And, โ€œhouse.โ€
633
2673579
1811
ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใ€‚
44:35
Well, you can say, โ€œone house, two houses, three houses,โ€ and so on.
634
2675390
6560
ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€Œไธ€่ป’ใ€ไบŒ่ป’ใ€ไธ‰่ป’ใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
44:41
These are countable nouns.
635
2681950
1589
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
44:43
You can count them.
636
2683539
2251
ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
44:45
But if we look at uncountable nouns.
637
2685790
2640
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€‚
44:48
When you say, โ€œwater.โ€
638
2688430
2950
ใ€Œๆฐดใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€‚
44:51
You canโ€™t say, โ€œOne water, two waters.โ€
639
2691380
3399
ใ€Œ1ใคใฎๆฐดใ€2ใคใฎๆฐดใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:54
It doesnโ€™t make any sense.
640
2694779
2320
ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:57
You cannot count water.
641
2697099
3220
ๆฐดใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:00
Same goes for air.
642
2700319
1550
็ฉบๆฐ—ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:01
You canโ€™t say, โ€œone air, two airs.โ€
643
2701869
2761
ใ€Œ1 ใ‚จใ‚ขใ€2 ใ‚จใ‚ขใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:04
Itโ€™s just โ€˜airโ€™.
644
2704630
2419
ใพใ•ใซใ€Œ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:07
Itโ€™s uncountable.
645
2707049
2490
ใใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
45:09
โ€˜trafficโ€™ โ€˜Englishโ€™
646
2709539
2480
ใ€Œไบค้€šใ€ ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€
45:12
โ€˜Equipmentโ€™ These are all uncountable nouns.
647
2712019
3550
ใ€Œ่จญๅ‚™ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
45:15
You cannot count them And theyโ€™re always singular.
648
2715569
3841
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅธธใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
45:19
Okay, guys.
649
2719410
1820
ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:21
Now, letโ€™s take a closer look at rules with countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
650
2721230
7220
ใงใฏใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:28
So how do we know if a word is countable or uncountable?
651
2728450
5869
ใงใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฏ็ฎ—ใ‹ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
45:34
Well there are a few tricks that can help.
652
2734319
2760
ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:37
Letโ€™s look at these words.
653
2737079
3270
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:40
Some groups of words are very often uncountable.
654
2740349
4641
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:44
And this can help you.
655
2744990
1809
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
45:46
For example, liquids.
656
2746799
3000
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆถฒไฝ“ใ€‚
45:49
Water, juice, milk, beer.
657
2749799
4010
ๆฐดใ€ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€็‰›ไนณใ€ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ€‚
45:53
All those words are uncountable.
658
2753809
3471
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
45:57
Powders.
659
2757280
1329
็ฒ‰ๆœซใ€‚
45:58
Sugar, flour, salt, rice.
660
2758609
5351
็ ‚็ณ–ใ€ๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰ใ€ๅกฉใ€็ฑณใ€‚
46:03
Uncountable words as well.
661
2763960
1809
ๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ€‚
46:05
Materials.
662
2765769
1401
ๆๆ–™ใ€‚
46:07
Such as wood, plastic, metal, or paper.
663
2767170
6220
ๆœจๆใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€้‡‘ๅฑžใ€็ด™ใชใฉใ€‚
46:13
Food as well.
664
2773390
1360
้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚‚ใ€‚
46:14
Like fruit, meat, cheese, and bread.
665
2774750
5529
ๆžœ็‰ฉใ€่‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใชใฉใ€‚
46:20
And finally, abstract ideas.
666
2780279
2971
ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
46:23
Like time, information, love, and beauty.
667
2783250
7089
ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ๆ„›ใ€็พŽใ—ใ•ใชใฉใ€‚
46:30
Another trick is that most of the time, you can measure uncountable nouns.
668
2790339
6841
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
46:37
Letโ€™s look at examples.
669
2797180
2360
ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:39
For example, if we take liquids.
670
2799540
3150
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:42
I have two liters of milk.
671
2802690
3560
็‰›ไนณใŒ2ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
46:46
Now, you cannot count milk.
672
2806250
2769
ใ•ใฆใ€็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:49
But you can measure milk.
673
2809019
2691
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็‰›ไนณใฏๆธฌใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:51
And you can count liters.
674
2811710
2580
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:54
So you can say, โ€œI have two liters of milk.โ€
675
2814290
3930
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็‰›ไนณใŒ 2 ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:58
You can say, โ€œI have a glass of water.โ€
676
2818220
3440
ใ€Œๆฐดใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:01
Or โ€œI have glasses of water.โ€
677
2821660
3260
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆฐดใฎๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
47:04
โ€œCups of coffee.โ€
678
2824920
3370
ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏใ€‚ใ€
47:08
โ€œBottles of water.โ€
679
2828290
2170
ใ€Œๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€‚ใ€
47:10
So you can measure this uncountable noun.
680
2830460
4879
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:15
Same goes with powders.
681
2835339
2010
็ฒ‰้กžใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:17
โ€œI have one kilogram of sugar.โ€
682
2837349
3481
ใ€Œ็งใฏ็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’1ใ‚ญใƒญๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
47:20
โ€œTwo kilograms of sugar.โ€
683
2840830
4039
ใ€Œ็ ‚็ณ–ใฏ2ใ‚ญใƒญใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
47:24
With materials and foods, we often use the word, โ€˜pieceโ€™.
684
2844869
5411
็ด ๆใ‚„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใชใฉใงใฏใ€Œๅ€‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:30
For example, โ€œI ate two pieces of cake.โ€
685
2850280
4400
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ 2 ๅ€‹้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
47:34
Or bread.
686
2854680
1470
ใพใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใ€‚
47:36
Or pizza.
687
2856150
1330
ใพใŸใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ€‚
47:37
Or meat.
688
2857480
1329
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่‚‰ใ€‚
47:38
Or cheese.
689
2858809
1331
ใพใŸใฏใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€‚
47:40
โ€œI need pieces of paper.โ€
690
2860140
3520
ใ€Œ็ด™ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
47:43
Wood.
691
2863660
1090
ๆœจๆใ€‚
47:44
Plastic.
692
2864750
1089
ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
47:45
Metal.
693
2865839
1091
้‡‘ๅฑžใ€‚
47:46
Or โ€œI have some water.โ€
694
2866930
4169
ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆฐดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
47:51
โ€˜Someโ€™ is an article that always works with uncountable nouns.
695
2871099
5881
ใ€ŒSomeใ€ใฏๅธธใซไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ† ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
47:56
Ok guys, I hope you understand.
696
2876980
3089
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ”็†่งฃใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:00
Letโ€™s move on.
697
2880069
1881
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:01
Some words can be both countable and uncountable nouns.
698
2881950
5409
ๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:07
Now not all of them.
699
2887359
1980
ไปŠใฏๅ…จ้ƒจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:09
But some of them.
700
2889339
1341
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ€‚
48:10
Letโ€™s take a look.
701
2890680
1689
่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:12
โ€œI would like to eat some cake.โ€
702
2892369
3881
ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
48:16
โ€œI would like two pieces of cake.โ€
703
2896250
4390
ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’๏ผ’ๅ€‹ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
48:20
So in these two sentences, โ€˜cakeโ€™ is obviously and uncountable noun.
704
2900640
5119
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œcakeใ€ใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
48:25
But if I say, โ€œI would like to eat two cakes.โ€
705
2905759
4990
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’2ๅ€‹้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
48:30
Suddenly, it becomes a countable noun.
706
2910749
3991
็ช็„ถใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:34
Why?
707
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
48:36
Because in the first two sentences, we are talking about pieces of one cake.
708
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€1 ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:43
In the last sentence, we are considering the whole cake.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:49
So it becomes countable.
710
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ใใ‚Œใงๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:53
Another example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
48:54
โ€œI would like to eat some chicken.โ€
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ใ€Œ้ถ่‚‰ใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
48:57
โ€œI would like to eat a piece of chicken.โ€
713
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ใ€Œ้ถ่‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€‚ใ€
49:00
Both sentences, uncountable noun, โ€˜chickenโ€™.
714
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚‚ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ€Œ้ถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:05
But the last sentence, โ€œI see two chickens.โ€
715
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒฏใƒˆใƒชใŒไบŒ็พฝ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
49:10
Hmm, โ€˜chickenโ€™, in this case, is a countable noun.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œ้ถใ€ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใญใ€‚
49:14
Why?
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
49:15
Because in the first two sentences, โ€˜chickenโ€™ is food.
718
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚ญใƒณใ€ใฏ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:22
But in the last sentence, โ€˜chickenโ€™ is an animal.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ถใ€ใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
49:26
So the animal is a countable noun.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
49:29
โ€˜Chickenโ€™ as food is uncountable.
721
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจใ—ใฆใฎใ€Œ้ถ่‚‰ใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:33
Hope you get it.
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็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:34
Letโ€™s move on to example sentences now.
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ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:37
Letโ€™s now review a few example sentences, so you can practice using countable and uncountable
724
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
49:44
nouns.
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ใ€‚
49:45
Please repeat after me.
726
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:46
And be careful to use proper pronunciation.
727
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ใใ—ใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฟƒใŒใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:49
Letโ€™s get started.
728
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:52
First sentence guys.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:54
โ€œI put one hundred candles on six cakes.โ€
730
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ใ€Œ6ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซ100ๆœฌใฎใ‚ใ†ใใใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:00
Please repeat after me.
731
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:02
โ€œI put one hundred candles on six cakes.โ€
732
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ใ€Œ6ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซ100ๆœฌใฎใ‚ใ†ใใใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:07
โ€œI put one hundred candles on six cakes.โ€
733
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ใ€Œ6ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซ100ๆœฌใฎใ‚ใ†ใใใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:19
Good job.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
50:20
Second example.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
50:22
โ€œI ate two pieces of cake.โ€
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’๏ผ’ๅ€‹้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:25
Please repeat after me.
737
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:28
โ€œI ate two pieces of cake.โ€
738
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’๏ผ’ๅ€‹้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:31
โ€œI ate two pieces of cake.โ€
739
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’๏ผ’ๅ€‹้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:42
Next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ€‚
50:43
โ€œI saw some trash on all the streets.โ€
741
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹้€šใ‚Šใงใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:47
Please repeat after me.
742
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:51
โ€œI saw some trash on all the streets.โ€
743
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹้€šใ‚Šใงใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
50:55
โ€œI saw some trash on all the streets.โ€
744
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹้€šใ‚Šใงใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:07
Very good.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
51:08
Next one.
746
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ๆฌกใฎใ€‚
51:09
โ€œI need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.โ€
747
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ใ€Œๅธ‚ๅ ดใง็‰›ไนณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
51:14
Please repeat after me.
748
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
51:17
โ€œI need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.โ€
749
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ใ€Œๅธ‚ๅ ดใง็‰›ไนณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
51:23
โ€œI need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.โ€
750
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ใ€Œๅธ‚ๅ ดใง็‰›ไนณใจใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
51:33
And finally.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€‚
51:37
โ€œTraffic and pollution are problems in many cities.โ€
752
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ใ€Œไบค้€šใจๆฑšๆŸ“ใฏๅคšใใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
51:43
Repeat after me.
753
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
51:45
โ€œTraffic and pollution are problems in many cities.โ€
754
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ใ€Œไบค้€šใจๆฑšๆŸ“ใฏๅคšใใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
51:50
โ€œTraffic and pollution are problems in many cities.โ€
755
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ใ€Œไบค้€šใจๆฑšๆŸ“ใฏๅคšใใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
52:06
Good job guys.
756
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ใ„ใ„ใžใ€‚
52:08
I hope you repeated after me and worked on your pronunciation.
757
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็งใฎๅพŒใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:13
Thank you for watching this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:15
I hope you now have a better understanding of countable and uncountable nouns.
759
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃใŒๆทฑใพใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:20
I know itโ€™s hard, but donโ€™t worry, keep practicing.
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้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:25
Practice makes perfect.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใฏๅฎŒ็’งใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ€‚
52:27
Thank you for watching my video and please watch the rest of the videos.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:35
Thank you guys for watching my video.
763
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
52:37
If you liked it, please show me your support by clicking โ€˜likeโ€™, by subscribing to
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
52:42
the channel, by putting your comments below and sharing this video.
765
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:46
Thank you very much and see you.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
52:51
And do it.
767
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:53
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
53:02
Ok, so for example, if you say โ€˜a dogโ€™, you can say, โ€œa dog, one dog, two dogs,
769
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€็Šฌ 1 ๅŒนใ€็Šฌ 2 ๅŒนใ€
53:18
three dogs.โ€
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็Šฌ 3 ๅŒนใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
53:21
You can count them.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
53:23
Uncountable nounsโ€ฆ
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžโ€ฆ
53:25
Stop, you gotta slow down.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€‚
53:29
Ahh, sorry.
774
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
53:30
Why am I going so fast?
775
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ใชใœ็งใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ้€Ÿใ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
53:35
Slow down.
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ๆธ›้€Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
53:37
Take your time.
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ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
53:39
Make it a good video.
778
3219690
3980
่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
53:43
Okay.
779
3223670
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
53:44
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
780
3224670
4490
ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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