NOUNS | Basic English Grammar Course | 5 lessons

1,138,502 views ãƒģ 2018-07-12

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤

00:00
Hello, everybody.
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋ āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
00:01
Welcome to this English course.
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āĻāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻŽāĨ¤
00:03
In today's video, I'm going to tell you about nouns.
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āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
00:06
Because in English, nouns are very important.
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āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ nouns āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
00:10
They are the basic element of a sentence.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ.
00:13
So if you want to speak English, you need to know about the different kinds
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāύ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϧāϰāϪ⧇āϰ
00:18
of nouns.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
00:20
And I'm going to try and teach you as well as I can.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
00:23
Let's get started!
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ!
00:27
Ok, so let's start with concrete nouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
00:32
Now in English, concrete nouns are people places or things,
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āĻāĻ–āύ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇, āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāϞ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ,
00:39
including animals.
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āĻĒāĻļ⧁ āϏāĻšāĨ¤
00:41
That you can see, that you can smell, or taste, or hear, or touch.
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āϝ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, āϝ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧ, āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇, āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
00:50
So you can basically use your five senses.
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāρāϚāϟāĻŋ āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
00:54
Let me give you a few examples.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ• āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇āĨ¤
00:56
If we talk about people, you could say, a man
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āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ
01:01
or a teacher, or me, Fanny.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ, āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤
01:06
Or Mr. Smith.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ.
01:08
If we talk about places, you could say,
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ,
01:11
a house, a school.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
01:15
You could name a city like London.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
01:17
Very nice city.
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āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āĻļāĻšāϰāĨ¤
01:19
Or a beach.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧈āĻ•āϤ.
01:20
And if you talk about things, you could say a shoe,
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜ⧁āϤāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ,
01:25
you could say a marker, you could talk about a dog
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ
01:30
or food like a pizza.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻŋāĻœā§āϜāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
01:34
These are concrete nouns....ok.
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āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ....āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
01:38
Now let's move on to abstract nouns.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
01:43
So abstract nouns, unlike concrete nouns, are ideas, concepts, emotions.
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ⧇, āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž, āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž, āφāĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤
01:52
And you can't see an idea.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āύāĻž.
01:56
You can't smell a concept.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āύāĻž.
01:58
You can't taste an emotion.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āύāĻž.
02:01
Or hear it.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧁āύ⧁āύāĨ¤
02:02
Or touch it.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
02:03
So they are nouns.
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āϤāĻžāχ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
02:05
They are things that exist, but you cannot see them, or taste them.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
02:09
You can't use your five sense.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāρāϚ āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž.
02:13
To give you a few examples, we could talk about love,
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻŽ,
02:17
or time, or religion,
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āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻž āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽ,
02:22
rules.
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āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
02:24
These are all words that represent ideas, concepts...
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āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž, āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇... āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇
02:28
okay They're abstract nouns in English.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
02:32
Now, let's get into more detail about nouns.
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āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻĻ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
02:36
Let's now see the difference between common nouns
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ–āύ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ
02:40
and proper nouns which are very important in English.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋ āϝāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:44
So common nouns and proper nouns refer to people, places, things, ideas.
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āϤāĻžāχ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ, āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
02:51
Let's see a few examples.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
02:55
We could talk about people for example.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
02:58
A woman.
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āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž.
02:59
That's a common noun.
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āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ.
03:01
But if we talk about a specific woman, for example, me, Fanny.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ, āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤
03:08
That becomes a proper noun with a capital 'F'.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϧāύ 'F' āϏāĻš āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
03:12
because, and you should know this, proper nouns are always capitalized.
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āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ, āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
03:19
You could talk about places.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
03:21
A city.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāϰ.
03:22
That's a common noun.
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āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ.
03:25
But then you can name a specific city.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
03:27
Let's take a great city, London, of course.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻļāĻšāϰ, āϞāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāύ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•, āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ.
03:31
With a capital 'L'.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϧāύ 'L' āϏāĻšāĨ¤
03:33
Remember proper nouns - always capitalized.
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āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ - āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞāĻžāχāϜāĻĄāĨ¤
03:37
We can talk about things for example.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
03:39
An animal.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋ.
03:40
Let's take a dog.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
03:41
A dog.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ.
03:42
That's a common noun.
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āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ.
03:43
But if we take a specific dog, like Snoopy - capital 'S',
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āύāĻŋāχ, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ¸ā§āύ⧁āĻĒāĻŋ - āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ 'S',
03:50
that's the proper noun.
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āϏ⧇āϟāĻžāχ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
03:53
If we talk about things again, but for example, a car,
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āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ,
03:58
that's a common noun.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
03:59
But if we name the brand, the specific brand of the car like Volvo,
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āĻ­āϞāĻ­ā§‹āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ,
04:05
that's a proper noun.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
04:06
And it takes a capital 'V'.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϧāύ 'V' āϞāĻžāϗ⧇āĨ¤
04:09
And finally, and we can say, a team - common noun.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāϞ - āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
04:14
But if we name a specific team, for example, the best football team, Manchester United,
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻĻāϞ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āϏ⧇āϰāĻž āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āĻĻāϞ, āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύāĻšā§‡āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āχāωāύāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āĻĄ,
04:21
then that's a proper noun and it's capitalized.
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āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰāĨ¤
04:25
Now mind you, 'team', is a special word because it's called
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āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, 'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇
04:29
a collective noun in English because it refers to a group of people.
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āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāϞ āϞ⧋āĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
04:34
So collective nouns can be used as singular nouns or plural nouns.
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āϤāĻžāχ āϝ⧌āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
04:39
But we will talk about this again later.
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āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
04:42
So now that we know a lot about nouns in English, Let's practice finding nouns in a sentence.
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āύ āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ, āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
04:51
Okay, first, In my class at Oxford University, I have many
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•
04:58
friends.
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āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
04:59
My best friend is Jan.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ¸ā§āϟ āĻĢā§āϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϜāĻžāύāĨ¤
05:02
I have a lot of love for her.
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āĻ“āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāĨ¤
05:06
Jan has a cute dog.
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āϜāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
05:08
Its name is Juju.
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āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϜ⧁āϜ⧁āĨ¤
05:10
What are the nouns in these sentences?
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āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋ?
05:14
If we take the first sentence, In my class at Oxford University, I have many
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āϧāϰāĻŋ, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•
05:21
friends.
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āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
05:23
We have, class, and friends.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž, āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āφāϛ⧇.
05:28
These are common nouns.
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āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
05:30
We also have a proper noun, Oxford University.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĻ“ āφāϛ⧇, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
05:35
We know it's a proper noun because it's capitalized.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰāĨ¤
05:40
The second sentence is, My best friend is Jen.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ, āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏ⧇āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻœā§‡āύāĨ¤
05:45
Now in this sentence, the noun is, friend - common noun.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāϞ, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ - āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
05:53
And there's also the word, Jen, is also a noun but a proper noun.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āφāϛ⧇, āĻœā§‡āύ, āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ.
05:59
As you can see it's capitalized.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϧāύāĨ¤
06:01
Then, I have a lot of love for her.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āφāϛ⧇.
06:07
What noun can you see?
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
06:11
Of course, 'love'.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ 'āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž'āĨ¤
06:12
Remember the abstract noun we talked about a few minutes ago.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ• āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ āφāϗ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϤāĻž āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
06:17
And finally, Jan has a cute dog.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, āϜāĻžāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāϤ⧁āϰ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āφāϛ⧇.
06:21
Its name is Juju.
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āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϜ⧁āϜ⧁āĨ¤
06:23
What nouns can we find?
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
06:25
We can see, 'Jen', again - proper noun.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āĻœā§‡āύ', āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ - āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
06:29
'Dog' - common noun.
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'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ' - āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
06:31
But also, 'name', and 'Juju'.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, 'āύāĻžāĻŽ', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϜ⧁āϜ⧁'āĨ¤
06:36
'Name's' a common noun.
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'Name's' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
06:37
'Juju' is the proper noun.
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'āϜ⧁āϜ⧁' āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
06:40
It's capitalized.
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āĻāϟāĻž āĻĒ⧁āρāϜāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇.
06:42
As you probably know, I haven't mentioned, 'I', or 'her', or 'its'.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤ āϜāĻžāύ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ', āĻŦāĻž 'āϤāĻžāϰ', āĻŦāĻž 'āϤāĻžāϰ'āĨ¤
06:49
They are also nouns, but they are pronouns and
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āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
06:53
they're considered a different category in English.
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āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧎
06:56
We will talk about them in another video . Great job guys!
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ!
07:01
Thank you for watching my video.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
07:03
I hope you now have a better understanding of nouns in English.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
07:08
Please keep practicing.
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύāĨ¤
07:10
Practice makes perfect.
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āϏāĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āϝāϰ āϚāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϟāĻŋ.
07:11
I'm sure you will very soon be able to recognize nouns in a sentence.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āϰāχ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāύāϤ⧇ āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
07:16
Please make sure to watch my next video as I keep on talking about nouns.
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĨ¤
07:21
See you.
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āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
07:24
Thank you for watching my video guys.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
07:27
If you've liked this video, please click like, subscribe to our channel, show us
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϞāĻžāχāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ
07:31
your support, put your comments below and share
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ, āύ⧀āĻšā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
07:42
this video.
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āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
07:43
Thank you.
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āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
07:44
Hello guys!
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž!
07:45
And welcome to this English course on nouns.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻŽāĨ¤
07:46
In today’s video, we’re going to talk about singular and plural nouns.
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āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
07:53
When you speak English, it’s very important to know the difference between a singular
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ
07:57
noun and a plural noun.
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āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
08:00
Ok?
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⧎ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇?
08:01
So I will explain to you the different rules.
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āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦāĨ¤
08:04
And we will practice together.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦāĨ¤
08:06
Let’s get started.
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
08:10
Ok guys, the first you need to know is that a singular noun means one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāĨ¤
08:18
So, for example, I can say, ‘cat’. ‘a cat’
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ'āĨ¤
'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ
08:25
‘one cat’ ‘school’
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' 'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ' 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ'
08:27
‘a school’ ‘one school’
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'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ' 'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ'
08:31
‘team’ Now don’t forget, ‘team’ is a collective
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āĻāĻ–āύ āϭ⧁āϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, 'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
08:36
noun.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāϞ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤāĻŦ⧁āĻ“, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
08:37
It’s a group of people, but still, it’s a singular noun.
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08:41
We talk about ‘a team’, or ‘one team.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāϞ', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāϞ' āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤
08:45
‘lady’ ‘monkey’
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'āϞ⧇āĻĄāĻŋ' 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ'
08:47
‘tomato’ ‘a tomato’
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'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹'
08:50
‘one tomato’ Or ‘piano’.
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'āĻāĻ• āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋'āĨ¤
08:54
Now, if we talk about plural nouns, it means more than one.
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āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
09:00
So for example, two, three, four, or many.
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āĻĻ⧁āχ, āϤāĻŋāύ, āϚāĻžāϰ, āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•.
09:05
If we take our words again, ‘a cat’ becomes ‘cats’.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāϞ⧇, 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:10
‘two cats’ ‘three cats’
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'āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ'
09:15
‘many cats’ ‘school’’ becomes ‘schools’.
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'āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ'āĨ¤
09:19
‘team’ becomes ‘teams’.
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'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ' 'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:23
Ok, so you just add an ‘s’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
09:27
Now ‘lady’ becomes ‘ladies.
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āĻāĻ–āύ 'āϞ⧇āĻĄāĻŋ' 'āϞ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāϏ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:32
‘monkey’ becomes ‘monkeys’.
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'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:36
But, two different rules.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁, āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĨ¤
09:39
As you can see, ‘lady’ is consonant + ‘y’.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ, 'āϞ⧇āĻĄāĻŋ' āĻšāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžā§āϜāύāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'y'āĨ¤
09:43
Now when you have consonant + ‘y’, in an English word, the plural will be ‘ies’.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžā§āϜāύāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'y' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇, āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'ies'āĨ¤
09:50
‘lady’ ‘ladies’
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'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž'
09:54
But when you have vowel + ‘y’ like ‘monkey’, it just becomes ‘monkeys’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'āϝāĻŧ' āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
10:02
You simply add an ‘s’.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
10:04
Ok, ‘monkey’ becomes ‘monkeys’. ‘tomato’ becomes ‘tomatoes’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' 'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
10:10
‘piano’ ‘pianos’ Again, two different rules.
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'āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋' 'āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋' āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĨ¤
10:15
Now ‘tomato’ becomes ‘tomatoes’.
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āĻāĻ–āύ 'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹'āĨ¤
10:19
You add ‘es’.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'es' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
10:21
And with most words ending in ‘o’, so consonant + ‘o’, you will add ‘es’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ 'o' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžā§āϜāύāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'o', āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'es' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
10:28
But sometimes, you will only add ‘s’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
10:32
Like ‘piano’, ‘pianos’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ 'āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋', 'āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋'āĨ¤
10:35
There is no particular rule for this.
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āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
10:39
You just need to know the words that only end with an ‘s’.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϏ⧇āχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
10:43
Ok, let’s move on to some pronunciation now.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
10:48
So, when it comes to pronunciation, we have three different sounds.
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āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āϝāĻ–āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āφāϏ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
10:56
The first sound is /s/.
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āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ āĻšāϞ /s/āĨ¤
11:01
The second sound is /z/.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ /z/āĨ¤
11:05
And the third sounds is /Iz/.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ āĻšāϞ /Iz/āĨ¤
11:08
So let’s review some words together and be really careful, what sound do you hear?
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āϤāĻžāχ āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϤāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ?
11:15
‘cats’ ‘cats’
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'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ'
11:18
What can you hear? /s/
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϕ⧀ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ?
/s/ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
11:25
Can you repeat after me.
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11:27
‘cats’ ‘cats’
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'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ'
11:31
The second word is ‘schools’. ‘schools’
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ'āĨ¤
'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ' āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ?
11:38
What sound can you hear?
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11:40
Of course, /z/.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ, /z/āĨ¤
11:43
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
11:45
‘schools’ ‘schools’
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'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ' 'āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ'
11:47
The third words is ‘teams’.
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āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ 'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ'āĨ¤
11:55
What sound can you hear?
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
11:57
Again, /z/.
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āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, /z/āĨ¤
11:59
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
12:01
‘teams’ ‘teams’
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'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ' 'āϟāĻŋāĻŽ'
12:05
Then we have ‘ladies’. ‘ladies’
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž' āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž' /z/
12:10
/z/ Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
12:15
‘ladies’ ‘ladies’
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'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž'
12:19
Then ‘monkeys’. /z/ again.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ'āĨ¤
/z/ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰāĨ¤
12:24
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
12:27
‘monkeys’. ‘monkeys’
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'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ'āĨ¤
'āĻŦāĻžāύāϰ' āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
12:31
Then we have ‘tomatoes’.
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12:33
Again, it’s the /z/ sound.
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āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāϟāĻŋ /z/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
12:40
‘tomatoes’ ‘tomatoes’
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'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' 'āϟāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹'
12:42
And finally, ‘pianos’. /z/
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋'āĨ¤
/z/ 'pianos'
12:48
‘pianos’ ‘pianos’
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'pianos' āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
12:52
Let’s move on to other rules now.
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12:57
Ok guys, let’s now talk about nouns that end in ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, ‘ch’,
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž, āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āϝāĻž 's', 'sh', 'x', 'ch',
13:05
or ‘z’.
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āĻŦāĻž 'z' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
13:07
Now to make the plural form of these nouns, you will add ‘es’.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'es' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
13:12
And the sound will be /Iz/.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ /Iz/āĨ¤
13:15
Let’s review some words together.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
13:19
‘bus’ becomes ‘buses’. ‘bush’ ‘bushes’
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'āĻŦāĻžāϏ' 'āĻŦāĻžāϏ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
'āĻā§‹āĻĒ' 'āĻā§‹āĻĒ' 'āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ
13:27
‘fox’ ‘foxes’ ‘beach’ ‘beaches’
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' 'āϏ⧈āĻ•āϤ' 'āϏ⧈āĻ•āϤ' 'āϕ⧁āχāϜ' 'āϕ⧁āχāϜ'
13:34
‘quiz’ ‘quizzes’ Can you repeat after me?
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
13:40
‘buses’ ‘buses’ ‘bushes’ ‘bushes’
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'āĻŦāĻžāϏ' 'āĻŦāĻžāϏ' 'āĻā§‹āĻĒ' 'āĻā§‹āĻĒ'
13:48
‘foxes’ ‘foxes’ ‘beaches’ ‘beaches’
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'āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ' 'āϏ⧈āĻ•āϤ' 'āϏ⧈āĻ•āϤ'
13:55
‘quizzes’ ‘quizzes’ Let’s move on.
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'āϕ⧁āχāϜ' 'āϕ⧁āχāϜ' āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
14:04
Ok, guys.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
14:08
Moving on to nouns that end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’.
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'f' āĻŦāĻž 'fe' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
14:18
For example, ‘roof’ becomes ‘roofs’. ‘safe’ ‘safes’
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āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
'safe' 'safes' āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
14:25
So you simply add an ‘s’.
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14:29
Then we have ‘leaf’ that becomes ‘leaves’.
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āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž' āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž 'āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
14:32
Wait a minute.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.
14:33
What happened?
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āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϞ⧋?
14:35
Well, ya, sometimes in English, a word ending in ‘f’ becomes a word ending in ‘ves’
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āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āχāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇, 'f'-āĻ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
14:44
in plural.
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ⧇ 'ves'-āĻ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
14:45
That’s not a rule.
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āĻāϟāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
14:47
But some words end in ‘ves’, you just have to learn them I’m afraid.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ 'āϭ⧇āϏ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
14:53
Another word, ‘wife’.
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āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀'āĨ¤
14:55
And again, ‘ves’. ‘wives’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, 'āϭ⧇āϏ'āĨ¤
'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀' 'āϤāĻžāĻ•' 'āϤāĻžāĻ•'
15:00
‘shelf’ ‘shelves’ Again, this ‘ves’ ending.
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āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāχ 'āϭ⧇āϏ' āĻļ⧇āώāĨ¤
15:06
Now let’s focus on pronunciation.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
15:09
‘roofs’ So it’s an /s/ sound.
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'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' āϤāĻžāχ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ /s/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
15:19
‘roofs’ ‘roofs’
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'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ'
15:22
Good job.
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āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜāĨ¤
15:25
‘safes’ ‘safes’
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'safes' 'safes'
15:29
Have you heard the /s/ sound?
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ /s/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļ⧁āύ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?
15:35
‘safes’ Then we have ‘leaves’.
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'safes' āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž' āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
15:39
And this time it’s a /z/ sound.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ /z/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
15:42
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
15:44
‘leaves’ ‘leaves’
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'āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž'
15:48
Great.
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āĻĻāĻžāϰ⧁āĻŖāĨ¤
15:51
Moving on.
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āϏāϰāĻžāύ⧋.
15:53
‘wives’ ‘wives’
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'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀' 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀'
15:58
And finally, ‘shelves’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāĻ•'
16:04
‘shelves’ Great job guys.
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'āϤāĻžāĻ•' āĻĻāĻžāϰ⧁āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϰāĻžāĨ¤
16:07
Let’s move on to practice now.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
16:09
Well students, let’s now practice together.
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āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāϰāĻž, āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
16:13
I’m going to give you a singular noun, and I want you to try and find the plural form
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
16:20
of this singular noun.
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āĻāχ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
16:22
Ok?
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇?
16:23
Let’s give it a try.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
16:25
The first word is ‘baby’. ‘baby’
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āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁'āĨ¤
'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻž' āϭ⧁āϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžā§āϜāύāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'y' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
16:31
Don’t forget, it ends with consonant + ‘y’.
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16:37
Do you remember the rule?
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āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŽāύ⧇ āφāϛ⧇?
16:39
It’s ‘babies’ with ‘ies’.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ 'ies' āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁'āĨ¤
16:45
Very nice.
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āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ.
16:46
‘baby’ ‘babies’ The second word is ‘toy’.
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻž' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ 'āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻž'āĨ¤
16:50
Hmmm, vowel + ‘y’.
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āĻšā§āĻŽ, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'āχ'āĨ¤
16:55
So this time, ‘toys’.
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āϤāĻžāχ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ 'āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻž'āĨ¤
16:58
You simply add an ‘s’.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
17:01
Then we have ‘wish’.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž' āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
17:04
Wish is a word that ends in ‘sh’.
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āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž 'āĻļ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
17:10
Remember the rule.
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āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
17:12
‘wishes’ You add ‘es’.
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'wishes' āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'es' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
17:15
‘taxi’ becomes ‘taxis’.
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'āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋ' 'āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
17:20
You simply add an ‘s’. ‘choice’ ‘choices’
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ' 'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ' āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
17:27
Simply add an ‘s’ as well.
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17:30
Then we have the word ‘wolf’.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āύ⧇āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧ⧇' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āφāϛ⧇.
17:32
Aha!
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āφāĻšāĻž!
17:33
It’s a word ending in ‘f’.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ 'f' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
17:38
Is it a word with ‘ves’?
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āĻāϟāĻž 'ves' āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ?
17:41
It is.
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āĻāχāϟāĻž.
17:44
‘wolves’ And finally,
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'āύ⧇āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇,
17:46
‘photo’ Now remember the words ending in ‘o’?
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'āĻĢāĻŸā§‹' āĻāĻ–āύ 'āĻ“' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āφāϛ⧇?
17:51
You can add ‘es’ or simply ‘s’.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'es' āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
17:55
Well with photo, you simply add an ‘s’. ‘photos’
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āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
'photos' āĻāĻ–āύ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
18:01
Now if we focus on pronunciation now.
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18:05
Repeat the words after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
18:09
‘babies’ The sound is /z/
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'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ /z/
18:13
‘babies’ ‘toys’
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'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' 'āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻž'
18:19
‘toys’ ‘wishes’
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'āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻž' 'āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž'
18:24
Remember this /Iz/ sound?
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āĻāχ /Iz/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āφāϛ⧇?
18:26
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
18:29
‘wishes’ ‘taxis’
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'āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž' 'āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋ'
18:32
‘taxis’ ‘choices’
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'āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋ' 'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ'
18:36
‘choices’ ‘wolves’
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'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ' 'āύ⧇āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧ⧇'
18:40
‘wolves’ And finally,
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'āύ⧇āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇,
18:46
‘photos’ ‘photos’ Excellent job guys.
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'āĻĢāĻŸā§‹' 'āĻĢāĻŸā§‹' āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϰāĻžāĨ¤
18:55
Now let’s move on to some example sentences.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
19:03
I have some example sentences for you guys.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇.
19:07
Using singular and plural nouns.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
19:09
I would like you to repeat the sentences after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
19:13
And be really careful to sue proper pronunciation.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāχ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύāĨ¤
19:17
Let’s get started.
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
19:20
First, ‘I want a dog.’
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āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āϚāĻžāχāĨ¤'
19:24
‘I like dogs.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.'
19:28
Repeat after me, guys.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
19:29
‘I want a dog.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āϚāĻžāχ.'
19:31
‘I like dogs.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.'
19:39
The second sentence.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĨ¤
19:41
‘I don’t want a fox.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āϚāĻžāχ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
19:45
‘I don’t like foxes.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
19:49
After me, guys.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
19:50
‘I don’t want a fox.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āϚāĻžāχ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
19:52
‘I don’t like foxes.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
19:57
Great, moving on the to the third sentence.
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āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ, āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϚāϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
20:05
‘I bought a watch.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
20:08
‘I have many watches.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:12
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
20:13
‘I bought a watch.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
20:17
‘I have many watches.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:25
Good job.
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āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›.
20:27
Sentence four now.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϚāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύāĨ¤
20:29
‘I have a new stereo.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ“ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:32
‘Now, I have two stereos.’
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'āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ“ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:35
After me.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇.
20:37
‘I have a new stereo.’
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ“ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:42
‘Now, I have two stereos.’
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'āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ“ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:45
Excellent!
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āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ!
20:51
And finally, ‘There’s a knife.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϛ⧁āϰāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:54
‘There are six knives in the kitchen.’
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'āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻžāϘāϰ⧇ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϛ⧁āϰāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
20:59
Repeat after me.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
21:00
‘There’s a knife.’
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'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϛ⧁āϰāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
21:02
‘There are six knives in the kitchen.’
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'āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻžāϘāϰ⧇ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϛ⧁āϰāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
21:09
Amazing job guys.
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āφāĻļā§āϚāĻ°ā§āϝāϜāύāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
21:14
Very nice.
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āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ.
21:15
I hoped this has helped.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāχ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇ āφāĻļāĻž.
21:17
I hope you now understand better, singular and plural nouns in English.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
21:22
Now, I haven’t talked about all the pronunciation rules,
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āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋāύāĻŋ,
21:27
But I hope you have a good sense now of how pronounce plural forms.
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āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
21:33
Make sure you watch my next video if you want to know more about nouns in English.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāύ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
21:38
Thank you very much for watching guys.
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āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
21:41
Thank you for watching my video, guys!
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ!
21:47
If you’ve liked this video, please show me your support.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύāĨ¤
21:50
Click ‘like’.
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'āϞāĻžāχāĻ•' āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
21:51
Subscribe to the channel.
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
21:53
Put your comments below and share the video.
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āύ⧀āĻšā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.
21:57
See you.
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āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
22:01
Hello, guys.
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž.
22:05
Welcome to this English course on nouns.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻŽāĨ¤
22:08
In today’s video, I’m going to tell you about irregular plural nouns.
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āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
22:15
Now there are crazy ways of making plural forms in English.
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āĻāĻ–āύ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ—āϞ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϛ⧇.
22:19
And there are a lot of irregular forms.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āφāϛ⧇.
22:21
I want you to know about them, so let’s get started.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ, āϤāĻžāχ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
22:29
Again, guys, there are so many irregular plural forms in English.
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āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž, āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
22:35
And I’m afraid there are no particular rules.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
22:39
You just need to learn the words.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
22:41
But I’m going to try and tell you about the most common ones.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
22:46
Ok?
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇?
22:47
Let’s review some words together.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
22:49
Ok, so, for example.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ, āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ.
22:52
We have a singular noun which is ‘woman’.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž 'āύāĻžāϰ⧀'āĨ¤
22:56
It’s plural form is ‘women’. ‘woman’ ‘women’
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āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻšāϞ 'āύāĻžāϰ⧀'āĨ¤
'āύāĻžāϰ⧀' 'āύāĻžāϰ⧀' āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ' āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
23:04
Then we have ‘man’.
350
1384309
1590
23:05
The singular noun, ‘a man’, it becomes ‘men’.
351
1385899
5191
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, 'āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ', āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
23:11
‘a child’ becomes ‘children’ ‘a tooth’ ‘teeth’
352
1391090
8390
'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' āĻšāϝāĻŧ 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ' 'āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ'
23:19
‘a foot’ becomes ‘feet’ ‘a person’ becomes ‘people’.
353
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8749
'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻž' āĻšāϝāĻŧ 'āĻāĻ•āϜāύ' 'āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ' āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
23:28
‘a mouse’ becomes ‘mice’ Ok, let’s move on to pronunciation now.
354
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8000
'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ' 'āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
23:36
Well students, let’s work on pronunciation a bit.
355
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āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāϰāĻž, āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
23:40
Please repeat after me.
356
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
23:45
‘woman’ ‘woman’ ‘women’ ‘women’
357
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12840
'āύāĻžāϰ⧀' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž'
23:58
Good.
358
1438059
3210
āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĨ¤
24:01
‘man’ ‘man’ ‘men’ ‘men’
359
1441269
12840
'āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ' 'āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ' 'āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ' 'āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ'
24:14
‘child’ ‘child’ ‘children’ ‘children’
360
1454109
12841
'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁'
24:26
Very good guys.
361
1466950
1599
āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϰāĻžāĨ¤
24:28
Moving on.
362
1468549
3190
āϏāϰāĻžāύ⧋.
24:31
‘tooth’ ‘tooth’ ‘teeth’ ‘teeth’
363
1471739
12770
'āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ' 'āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ' 'āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ' 'āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ
24:44
‘foot’ ‘foot’ ‘feet’ ‘feet’
364
1484509
12770
' 'āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĢ⧁āϟ'
24:57
‘person’ ‘person’ ‘people’ ‘people’
365
1497279
12770
'āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ' 'āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ' 'āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ' 'āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ'
25:10
Very good guys.
366
1510049
1000
āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϰāĻžāĨ¤
25:11
And the last one.
367
1511049
2951
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώāϟāĻŋ.
25:14
‘mouse’ ‘mouse’ ‘mice’ ‘mice’
368
1514000
8240
'āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ' 'āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ' 'āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ' 'āχāρāĻĻ⧁āϰ'
25:22
Excellent, guys.
369
1522240
4120
āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻžāĨ¤
25:26
Let’s now move on to other irregular plural forms.
370
1526360
6869
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
25:33
Now there are words that have the exact same singular and plural forms.
371
1533229
5560
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇⧎
25:38
They are not common, but you need to know a few.
372
1538789
4301
āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
25:43
Let’s take a look together.
373
1543090
3760
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
25:46
As you can see, ‘sheep’ is the singular form.
374
1546850
4579
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ, 'āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤
25:51
But the plural form is not ‘sheeps’.
375
1551429
3701
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ 'āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
25:55
It is ‘sheep’.
376
1555130
3929
āĻāϟāĻž 'āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž'āĨ¤
25:59
Same goes for ‘deer’ ‘deer’. ‘moose’ ‘moose’
377
1559059
6690
'āĻšāϰāĻŋāĻŖ' 'āĻšāϰāĻŋāĻŖ'-āĻāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤
'Moose' 'Moose' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›'
26:05
‘fish’ ‘fish’ ‘aircraft’ ‘aircraft’
378
1565749
4961
'āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢā§āϟ' 'āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāϟ' āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇āύ, "āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
26:10
Ok, so you will say, “I see one sheep.”
379
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6439
26:17
But also, “I see two sheep.”
380
1577149
4041
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, "āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
26:21
The exact same word.
381
1581190
2040
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ•āχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
26:23
Ok, let’s go back for pronunciation.
382
1583230
3509
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āφāϏ⧁āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
26:26
I want you to repeat after me.
383
1586739
4180
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĨ¤
26:30
‘sheep’ ‘sheep’ ‘deer’ ‘deer’
384
1590919
11561
'āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' 'āϭ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' 'āĻšāϰāĻŋāĻŖ' 'āĻšāϰāĻŋāĻŖ'
26:42
‘moose’ ‘moose’ ‘fish’ ‘fish’
385
1602480
11559
'āĻŽā§‹āϜ' 'āĻŽā§‹āϜ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›'
26:54
‘aircraft’ ‘aircraft’ Good job guys.
386
1614039
6720
'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ' āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
27:00
Let’s move to other irregular forms.
387
1620759
4290
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϏāϰāĻžāύ⧋ āϝāĻžāĻ•.
27:05
Some nouns are never singular.
388
1625049
3401
āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
27:08
We always use their plural forms.
389
1628450
3419
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
27:11
I have a few common ones for you guys.
390
1631869
2430
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āφāϛ⧇.
27:14
Let’s have a look.
391
1634299
2550
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋ.
27:16
‘jeans’ ‘pants’
392
1636849
4160
'āϜāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϏ' 'āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟ'
27:21
‘glasses’ ‘sunglasses’
393
1641009
4160
'āϚāĻļāĻŽāĻž' 'āϏāĻžāύāĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ'
27:25
‘clothes’ ‘scissors’
394
1645169
4161
'āϜāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' 'āĻ•āĻžāρāϚāĻŋ'
27:29
‘pajamas’ So you will say, “I have some jeans.”
395
1649330
5839
'āĻĒāĻžāϜāĻžāĻŽāĻž' āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇āύ, "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϜāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϏ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
27:35
Or, “I have scissors.”
396
1655169
3730
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāρāϚāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
27:38
But you cannot say, “I have a jean.”
397
1658899
4370
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻŋāύ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
27:43
It is incorrect in English.
398
1663269
2260
āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāϟāĻž āϭ⧁āϞāĨ¤
27:45
Let’s work a bit on pronunciation.
399
1665529
4530
āφāϏ⧁āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
27:50
Repeat after me, please.
400
1670059
6000
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇.
27:56
‘jeans’ ‘jeans’ ‘pants’ ‘pants’
401
1676059
11220
'āϜāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϏ' 'āϜāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϏ' 'āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟ' 'āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟ' '
28:07
‘glasses’ ‘glasses’ ‘sunglasses’ ‘sunglasses’
402
1687279
11221
āϚāĻļāĻŽāĻž' 'āϚāĻļāĻŽāĻž' 'āϏāĻžāύāĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ' 'āϏāĻžāύāĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ' '
28:18
‘clothes’ ‘clothes’ ‘scissors’ ‘scissors’
403
1698500
11220
āϜāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' 'āϜāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' 'āĻ•āĻžāρāϚāĻŋ' 'āĻ•āĻžāρāϚāĻŋ'
28:29
And finally, ‘pajamas’ ‘pajamas’
404
1709720
8069
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āĻĒāĻžāϜāĻžāĻŽāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻžāϜāĻžāĻŽāĻž'
28:37
Good guys.
405
1717789
1000
āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϰāĻžāĨ¤
28:38
Let’s now look at other irregular plural forms.
406
1718789
4500
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
28:43
Now, just a few words about nouns in English that have Latin and Greek origins.
407
1723289
8940
āĻāĻ–āύ, āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧀āĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϏ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
28:52
Their plural forms are very weird.
408
1732229
3180
āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āĻ…āĻĻā§āϭ⧁āϤāĨ¤
28:55
It’s a bit complicated, so we’re not going to into too much detail.
409
1735409
4411
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϟāĻž āϜāϟāĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻĻ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
28:59
Don’t worry too much about them.
410
1739820
3120
āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
29:02
But just a few words that I think you should know.
411
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
29:06
First, we have words ending in ‘a’.
412
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āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ 'a' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
29:11
Their plural form will end in ‘ae’.
413
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āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ 'ae'-āĻ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
29:15
For example, ‘antenna’ becomes ‘antennae’
414
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āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āύāĻž' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āύāĻž'
29:21
‘alumna’ ‘alumnae’ Words ending in ‘us’, us, will end in
415
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'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧁āĻŽāύāĻž' 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧁āĻŽāύāĻž' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ 'āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ', āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ,
29:30
‘i’. ‘octopus’ ‘octopi’
416
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'i' āĻ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻŦ⧇
āĨ¤ 'āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϏ' 'āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻĒāĻŋ' 'āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻžāϏ' 'āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟāĻŋ'
29:36
‘cactus’ ‘cacti’ Words ending in ‘is’, will end in ‘es’.
417
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āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ 'is', āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'es'āĨ¤ 'is' āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 'es'āĨ¤
29:45
‘is’ becomes ‘es’.
418
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29:49
For example, ‘analysis’ ‘analyses’ ‘diagnosis’ ‘diagnoses’
419
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āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ' 'āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ' 'āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ'
29:59
And finally, words ending in ‘on’, end in ‘a’.
420
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āĻ…āύ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ 'āĻ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
30:07
‘criterion’ ‘criteria’ ‘phenomenon’ ‘phenomena’
421
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'āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻŋ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ' 'āĻĒā§āϰāĻĒāĻžā§āϚ' 'āϘāϟāύāĻž'
30:13
These plural forms are very difficult, guys.
422
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āĻāχ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
30:16
Even native speakers make a lot of mistakes, so don’t worry too much about them.
423
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āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻ­āĻžāώ⧀āϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϭ⧁āϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
30:22
I just wanted to give you a little taste of Latin and Greek plurals.
424
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϞāĻžāϤāĻŋāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧀āĻ• āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
30:29
Let’s move on to example sentences now.
425
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āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
30:33
Ok, guys.
426
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
30:34
I have a few example sentences for you.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ• āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇.
30:37
It’s a great opportunity to practice saying irregular plural forms in English.
428
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āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ—āĨ¤
30:45
Be very careful to use proper pronunciation as well.
429
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āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύāĨ¤
30:49
Let’s start.
430
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
30:51
First, ‘my sister has one child’ ‘my brother has two children’.
431
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āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§‹āύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύ āφāϛ⧇' 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύ āφāϛ⧇'āĨ¤
30:59
Repeat after me.
432
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
31:01
‘my sister has one child’ ‘my brother has two children’.
433
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§‹āύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύ āφāϛ⧇' 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
31:12
Next.
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āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀.
31:15
‘I’m a quiet person, so I don’t talk to many people.’
435
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ, āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
31:22
Please repeat after me.
436
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
31:25
‘I’m a quiet person, so I don’t talk to many people.’
437
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ, āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
31:39
Good guys.
438
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āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰāĻž.
31:40
Next sentence.
439
1900279
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āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĨ¤
31:42
‘Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake?’
440
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'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšā§āϰāĻĻ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āύāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āϧāϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?'
31:50
Repeat after me, please.
441
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1791
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇.
31:51
‘Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake?’
442
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'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšā§āϰāĻĻ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āύāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āϧāϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?'
32:06
Very good.
443
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āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋.
32:08
Next sentence.
444
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āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĨ¤
32:10
‘I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses.’
445
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7331
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϚāĻļāĻŽāĻž āφāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻžāύāĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
32:17
Repeat after me.
446
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
32:19
‘I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses.’
447
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϚāĻļāĻŽāĻž āφāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻžāύāĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
32:29
Excellent, guys.
448
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āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
32:36
And finally, ‘He has one cactus in his front yard, but
449
1956679
5670
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ ā§‹āύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻžāϏ āφāϛ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁
32:42
many cacti in his back yard.’
450
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āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ ā§‹āύ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻžāϏ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
32:45
Repeat after me.
451
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
32:47
‘He has one cactus in his front yard, but many cacti in his back yard.’
452
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'āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ ā§‹āύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻžāϏ āφāϛ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒ⧇āĻ›āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ ā§‹āύ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻžāϏ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
33:01
Ok, students.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ.
33:05
I hope you repeated after me.
454
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
33:08
And you practiced your pronunciation.
455
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ.
33:11
I hope you now have a better understanding of irregular plural forms in English.
456
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
33:17
There are many of them.
457
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āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āφāϛ⧇.
33:19
Not many rules to follow.
458
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1781
āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
33:21
A lot of words to memorize.
459
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āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
33:23
But, I’m sure with a little bit of practice, you can do it.
460
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āϤāĻŦ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
33:28
Thank you for watching my video.
461
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
33:30
Make sure you watch the other videos as well.
462
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
33:33
Thank you.
463
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1000
āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
33:34
Thank you guys for watching my video.
464
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
33:39
If you’ve liked this video, please, show me your support.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύāĨ¤
33:44
Click ‘like, subscribe to our channel, put your comments below, and share the video.
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'āϞāĻžāχāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āύ⧀āĻšā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
33:49
Thank you very much.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
33:52
See you.
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āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
33:55
Hello guys, welcome back to this English course on nouns.
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻŽāĨ¤
34:01
In today’s video, I’m going to tell you about compound nouns.
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āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
34:06
They are very common in English and there are thousands of them.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āφāϛ⧇.
34:10
You need to know about them.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
34:13
Let’s get started.
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
34:17
A compound noun is made up of two different words.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤāĨ¤
34:22
So you take two words, you put them together, to create a new noun.
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āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āύāĻŋāύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
34:27
They’re usually quite easy to understand.
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āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āϏāĻšāϜāĨ¤
34:30
For example, ‘full moon’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ 'āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŽāĻž'āĨ¤
34:33
‘Full’ is obviously the adjective describing the moon.
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'āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ' āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāϤāχ āϚāĻžāρāĻĻāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖāĨ¤
34:38
Let’s take a look at other examples, and how to create compound nouns.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
34:44
Sometimes, compound nouns are a single noun.
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āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“, āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
34:49
Like, ‘toothpaste’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āϟ⧁āĻĨāĻĒ⧇āĻ¸ā§āϟ'āĨ¤
34:50
Sometimes, they’re two or more words hyphenated.
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āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻžāχāĻĢ⧇āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
34:56
Such as ‘mother-in-law’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ 'āĻļāĻžāĻļ⧁āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
34:58
And sometimes, they’re two separate words, like ‘ice cream’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ 'āφāχāϏāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ'āĨ¤
35:03
Now, you have to be careful.
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āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
35:06
Sometimes, you have a simple adjective plus a noun like ‘a green house’.
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āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜ āϘāϰ' āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
35:13
But you also have a compound noun which is a different meaning.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ.
35:17
‘A greenhouse’.
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'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ'āĨ¤
35:18
Now, ‘a green house’, is a house which is green.
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āĻāĻ–āύ, 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜ āϘāϰ', āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϝāĻž āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜāĨ¤
35:24
But the compound noun, ‘a greenhouse’, is a place where you grow plants.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ' āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻž āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύāĨ¤
35:31
Completely different meaning.
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āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĨ¤
35:33
Ok, so you have to be careful.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
35:36
Stresses can help.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϏ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
35:38
Usually the stress is on the first syllable in compound nouns.
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āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤
35:43
Ok, I hope you get it guys.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻž āύāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇.
35:46
Let’s take a closer look now at compound nouns.
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āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻāĻ–āύ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āϘāύāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
35:49
Ok, let’s now take a look at the parts of speech that make up a compound noun.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤ⧃āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ• āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
35:57
We can have a noun and another noun.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
36:01
Like, ‘bedroom’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāϰ⧁āĻŽ'āĨ¤
36:03
We can also have a noun and a verb.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
36:06
Like, ‘haircut’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āϚ⧁āϞ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž'āĨ¤
36:08
A noun and a preposition.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
36:11
Like, ‘passer-by’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•'āĨ¤
36:13
A verb and a noun.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
36:16
Like, ‘washing machine’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ'āĨ¤
36:19
A verb and a preposition.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
36:22
Like, ‘drawback’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ'āĨ¤
36:24
A preposition and a noun.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
36:27
Like, ‘underground’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ'āĨ¤
36:28
An adjective and a ver.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ ver.
36:31
Like, ‘dry-cleaning’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ‚'āĨ¤
36:33
An adjective and a noun.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
36:36
Like, ‘software’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ'āĨ¤
36:39
Or a preposition and a verb.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
36:42
Like, ‘input’.
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āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ'āĨ¤
36:45
As you can see guys, there are so many ways to create compound nouns with different words.
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2205400
6320
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
36:51
Now let’s get back to our example for pronunciation.
517
2211720
4120
āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧇ āφāϏāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
36:55
Please repeat after me.
518
2215840
2800
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
36:58
Bedroom Bedroom
519
2218640
3520
āĻļāϝāĻŧāύāĻ•āĻ•ā§āώ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāϰ⧁āĻŽā§‡āϰ
37:02
Haircut Haircut
520
2222160
7369
āϚ⧁āϞ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž āϚ⧁āϞ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž
37:09
Passer-by Passer-by
521
2229529
7371
āĻĒāĻĨāϚāĻžāϰ⧀-āĻŦāĻžāχ-āĻĒāĻžāϏāĻžāϰ-āĻŦāĻžāχ
37:16
Washing machine Washing machine
522
2236900
7480
āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ
37:24
Drawback Drawback
523
2244380
6939
āĻĄā§āϰāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ• āĻĄā§āϰāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•
37:31
Underground Underground
524
2251319
6800
āĻ­ā§‚āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ­ā§‚āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ
37:38
Dry-cleaning Dry-cleaning
525
2258119
7831
āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ‚
37:45
Software Software
526
2265950
7020
āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ
37:52
Input Input
527
2272970
6819
āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ
37:59
Good job guys.
528
2279789
1000
āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻžāĨ¤
38:00
Now let’s now move on to plural compound nouns.
529
2280789
4851
āĻāĻ–āύ āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
38:05
So when we want to make compound nouns plural, there are rules to follow.
530
2285640
6750
āϤāĻžāχ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
38:12
If you have a single word, you simply add an ‘s’.
531
2292390
5290
āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
38:17
But if you have separate words, whether hyphenated or not, you will make the most significant
532
2297680
7119
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āĻšāĻžāχāĻĢ⧇āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āύāĻž āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
38:24
word plural.
533
2304799
1661
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
38:26
Let’s take a look at examples.
534
2306460
4109
āĻāϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
38:30
‘Newspaper’ will simply be ‘newspapers’.
535
2310569
5101
'āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ' āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ 'āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ' āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
38:35
So I have man newspapers.
536
2315670
4179
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āφāϛ⧇.
38:39
Swimming pool.
537
2319849
1000
āϏ⧁āχāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϞāĨ¤
38:40
Now, what’s the most significant word?
538
2320849
3490
āĻāĻ–āύ, āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
38:44
Well, it is ‘pool’.
539
2324339
3221
āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻāϟāĻž 'āĻĒ⧁āϞ'āĨ¤
38:47
So we will say, ‘there are two swimming pools’.
540
2327560
4130
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦ, 'āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āχāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϞ āφāϛ⧇'āĨ¤
38:51
You cannot say, ‘there are two swimmings pools.’
541
2331690
4740
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, 'āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āχāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϞ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤'
38:56
No ‘s’ at swimming.
542
2336430
3870
āϏāĻžāρāϤāĻžāϰ⧇ 'āύāĻž'āĨ¤
39:00
Brother-in-law What’s the most significant word?
543
2340300
3110
āĻļā§āĻŦāĻļ⧁āϰ-āĻļāĻžāĻļ⧁āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
39:03
Well of course, it is ‘brother’.
544
2343410
3540
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻāϟāĻž 'āĻ­āĻžāχ'āĨ¤
39:06
So you will say, “I have two brothers-in-law”.
545
2346950
3159
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇āύ, “āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϜāĻžāĻŽāĻžāχ āφāĻ›ā§‡â€āĨ¤
39:10
And finally, ‘woman doctor’.
546
2350109
4000
āφāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ 'āύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ'āĨ¤
39:14
Now, what’s the most significant word?
547
2354109
4461
āĻāĻ–āύ, āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
39:18
Actually, both words are significant.
548
2358570
5320
āφāϏāϞ⧇, āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāχ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
39:23
So we will both make them plural.
549
2363890
2969
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧāχ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦāĨ¤
39:26
Remember, the plural form of ‘woman’ is ‘women’.
550
2366859
4841
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, 'āύāĻžāϰ⧀' āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻšāϞ 'āύāĻžāϰ⧀'āĨ¤
39:31
So we will say, “Four women doctors work at the hospital”.
551
2371700
6300
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦ, “āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇ āϚāĻžāϰāϜāύ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ¨â€āĨ¤
39:38
Let’s work on pronunciation.
552
2378000
4079
āφāϏ⧁āύ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
39:42
Can you repeat after me, please.
553
2382079
2530
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇.
39:44
I have man newspapers.
554
2384609
5720
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
39:50
I have man newspapers.
555
2390329
7621
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
39:57
There are two swimming pools.
556
2397950
5380
āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āχāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϞ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
40:03
There are two swimming pools.
557
2403330
5699
āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āχāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϞ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
40:09
I have two brothers-in-law.
558
2409029
4871
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϜāĻžāĻŽāĻžāχ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
40:13
I have two brothers-in-law.
559
2413900
4780
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϜāĻžāĻŽāĻžāχ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
40:18
And finally, Four women doctors work at the hospital.
560
2418680
7780
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, āϚāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
40:26
Four women doctors work at the hospital.
561
2426460
7000
āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇ āϚāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāϰ⧀ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
40:33
Good job guys.
562
2433460
1290
āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž.
40:34
Now let’s move on to practice.
563
2434750
4020
āĻāĻ–āύ āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
40:38
To practice, I have a few sentences.
564
2438770
2900
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
40:41
And I want you to tell me if we are using compound nouns or not.
565
2441670
5050
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻžāĨ¤
40:46
Let’s take a look.
566
2446720
3200
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
40:49
I want to drink some cold water.
567
2449920
3110
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āϜāϞ āĻĒāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ.
40:53
Is ‘cold water’ a compound noun?
568
2453030
4490
'āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āϜāϞ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ?
40:57
What do you think?
569
2457520
2500
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?
41:00
It isn’t.
570
2460020
1000
āĻāϟāĻž āύāĻž.
41:01
‘Cold’ is a simply adjective describing the water.
571
2461020
5839
'āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āϝāĻž āϜāϞāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
41:06
She has a new boy friend.
572
2466859
3720
āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āύāϤ⧁āύ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
41:10
Is boy friend a compound noun?
573
2470579
2941
āϛ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ?
41:13
Well, it isn’t in this case.
574
2473520
3160
āĻ­āĻžāϞ, āĻāϟāĻž āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āύāϝāĻŧ.
41:16
He’s your friend and he’s a boy.
575
2476680
3010
āϏ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āĨ¤
41:19
But the compound noun, ‘boyfriend’, in one word, exists and has a different meaning.
576
2479690
6270
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, 'āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻĢā§āϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ', āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
41:25
Then, your boyfriend is more than a friend.
577
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āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
41:28
He’s the boy you’re having a relationship with.
578
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4859
āϏ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
41:33
Other example.
579
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĨ¤
41:35
The blue bird was singing in the tree.
580
2495670
3800
āĻ—āĻžāϛ⧇ āύ⧀āϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
41:39
Is ‘blue bird’ a compound noun?
581
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2750
'āύ⧀āϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ?
41:42
Not in this case.
582
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āĻ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
41:44
It’s a simple bird and it’s blue.
583
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āύ⧀āϞāĨ¤
41:47
But, the compound noun, ‘bluebird’, in one word, exists.
584
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁, āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, 'āĻŦā§āϞ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ', āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύāĨ¤
41:52
It’s a specific bird.
585
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2400
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
41:54
Let’s meet at the bus stop.
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āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻĒ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
41:58
Is ‘bus stop’ a compound noun?
587
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'āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻĒ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ?
42:03
What do you think?
588
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?
42:05
It is.
589
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āĻāχāϟāĻž.
42:08
I have two alarms clock.
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3240
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
42:11
What about ‘alarms clock’?
591
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1879
'āĻāϞāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ' āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϕ⧀?
42:13
Well, it is a compound noun, but there is a big mistake.
592
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5180
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āϭ⧁āϞ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
42:19
Can you see it?
593
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āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“?
42:21
Of course, the plural form.
594
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ, āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĨ¤
42:23
The plural form is not ‘alarms clock’.
595
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ āϰ⧂āĻĒāϟāĻŋ 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ' āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
42:26
But, ‘alarm clocks’.
596
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁, 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
42:29
Because the most significant word is ‘clock’.
597
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āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
42:32
Ok guys, let’s move on.
598
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž, āĻāϰ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
42:36
Thank you for watching.
599
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āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
42:38
I hope you better understand compound nouns and how to create them.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϤāĻž āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
42:43
There are so many compound nouns in the English language, but they are usually very easy to
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āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜ
42:49
understand.
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āĨ¤
42:50
And if you’re not sure, look it up in a dictionary.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž āĻšāύ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϧāĻžāύ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
42:53
The dictionary will tell you if it’s a compound noun or not.
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āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϧāĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻžāĨ¤
42:58
Thank you for watching guys.
605
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āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
43:00
And see you in the next videos.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
43:03
Thank you for watching my video guys.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
43:06
If you’ve liked it, please show me your support.
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āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ.
43:10
Click, ‘like’, subscribe to our channel, put your comments below, and share the video.
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āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, 'āϞāĻžāχāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ', āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āύ⧀āĻšā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
43:17
See you.
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āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
43:20
Hello, guys.
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž.
43:24
Welcome back to this English course on nouns.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻŽāĨ¤
43:29
In this video, I’m going to tell you about countable and uncountable nouns.
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āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
43:34
It’s very important to know the difference between countable and uncountable nouns in
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āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
43:40
English.
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āĨ¤
43:42
And students often get confused.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
43:44
So please listen to me very carefully.
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āϤāĻžāχ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŽāύ⧋āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻļ⧁āύ⧁āύāĨ¤
43:48
Let’s get started.
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
43:52
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
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āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
43:58
Uncountable nouns are nouns that you can’t count.
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āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
44:01
They’re usually a type or a group.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧁āĻĒ.
44:04
And they’re always singular.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻšāϝāĻŧ.
44:06
Let’s look at a few examples.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
44:10
Countable nouns – you can say, “a dog.”
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āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ - āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰāĨ¤"
44:13
You can say, “one dog,” “two dogs,” “three dogs,” and so on.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ", "āĻĻ⧁āχ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ", "āϤāĻŋāύ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ" āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
44:19
“Man.”
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"āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ."
44:20
You can say, “a man.”
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώāĨ¤"
44:22
“Two men.”
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"āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ."
44:24
“Idea.”
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"āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž."
44:25
You can say, “one idea,” “two ideas,” and so on.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž", "āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž" āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĨ¤
44:28
“Computer.”
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"āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤"
44:29
Again, you can say, “one computer, two computers.”
632
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āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ, āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤"
44:33
And, “house.”
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, "āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤"
44:35
Well, you can say, “one house, two houses, three houses,” and so on.
634
2675390
6560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āϘāϰ" āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
44:41
These are countable nouns.
635
2681950
1589
āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
44:43
You can count them.
636
2683539
2251
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
44:45
But if we look at uncountable nouns.
637
2685790
2640
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
44:48
When you say, “water.”
638
2688430
2950
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ, "āϜāϞāĨ¤"
44:51
You can’t say, “One water, two waters.”
639
2691380
3399
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, "āĻāĻ• āϜāϞ, āĻĻ⧁āχ āϜāϞāĨ¤"
44:54
It doesn’t make any sense.
640
2694779
2320
āĻāϟāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻž.
44:57
You cannot count water.
641
2697099
3220
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϜāϞ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
45:00
Same goes for air.
642
2700319
1550
āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻžāχāĨ¤
45:01
You can’t say, “one air, two airs.”
643
2701869
2761
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, "āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ, āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏāĨ¤"
45:04
It’s just ‘air’.
644
2704630
2419
āĻāϟāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ 'āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ'āĨ¤
45:07
It’s uncountable.
645
2707049
2490
āĻāϟāĻž āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ.
45:09
‘traffic’ ‘English’
646
2709539
2480
'āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•' 'āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ'
45:12
‘Equipment’ These are all uncountable nouns.
647
2712019
3550
'āχāϕ⧁āχāĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ' āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻŦāχ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
45:15
You cannot count them And they’re always singular.
648
2715569
3841
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύāĨ¤
45:19
Okay, guys.
649
2719410
1820
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
45:21
Now, let’s take a closer look at rules with countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
650
2721230
7220
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻš āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϘāύāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
45:28
So how do we know if a word is countable or uncountable?
651
2728450
5869
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ?
45:34
Well there are a few tricks that can help.
652
2734319
2760
āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
45:37
Let’s look at these words.
653
2737079
3270
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ.
45:40
Some groups of words are very often uncountable.
654
2740349
4641
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧁āĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāχ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
45:44
And this can help you.
655
2744990
1809
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
45:46
For example, liquids.
656
2746799
3000
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āϤāϰāϞāĨ¤
45:49
Water, juice, milk, beer.
657
2749799
4010
āϜāϞ, āϰāϏ, āĻĻ⧁āϧ, āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĨ¤
45:53
All those words are uncountable.
658
2753809
3471
āĻāχ āϏāĻŦ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ.
45:57
Powders.
659
2757280
1329
āϗ⧁āρāĻĄāĻŧā§‹.
45:58
Sugar, flour, salt, rice.
660
2758609
5351
āϚāĻŋāύāĻŋ, āĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻĻāĻž, āϞāĻŦāĻŖ, āϚāĻžāϞāĨ¤
46:03
Uncountable words as well.
661
2763960
1809
āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
46:05
Materials.
662
2765769
1401
āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖāĨ¤
46:07
Such as wood, plastic, metal, or paper.
663
2767170
6220
āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻžāĻ , āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•, āϧāĻžāϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜāĨ¤
46:13
Food as well.
664
2773390
1360
āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰāĨ¤
46:14
Like fruit, meat, cheese, and bread.
665
2774750
5529
āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻĢāϞ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ‚āϏ, āĻĒāύāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰ⧁āϟāĻŋāĨ¤
46:20
And finally, abstract ideas.
666
2780279
2971
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž.
46:23
Like time, information, love, and beauty.
667
2783250
7089
āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻĨā§āϝ, āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧌āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āϝāĨ¤
46:30
Another trick is that most of the time, you can measure uncountable nouns.
668
2790339
6841
āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āĻšāϞ āϝ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
46:37
Let’s look at examples.
669
2797180
2360
āĻāϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ.
46:39
For example, if we take liquids.
670
2799540
3150
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϤāϰāϞ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
46:42
I have two liters of milk.
671
2802690
3560
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϞāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
46:46
Now, you cannot count milk.
672
2806250
2769
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
46:49
But you can measure milk.
673
2809019
2691
āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
46:51
And you can count liters.
674
2811710
2580
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
46:54
So you can say, “I have two liters of milk.”
675
2814290
3930
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϞāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
46:58
You can say, “I have a glass of water.”
676
2818220
3440
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āϜāϞ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
47:01
Or “I have glasses of water.”
677
2821660
3260
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
47:04
“Cups of coffee.”
678
2824920
3370
"āĻ•āĻĢāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĨ¤"
47:08
“Bottles of water.”
679
2828290
2170
"āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§‹āϤāϞ."
47:10
So you can measure this uncountable noun.
680
2830460
4879
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
47:15
Same goes with powders.
681
2835339
2010
āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒāĻžāωāĻĄāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ.
47:17
“I have one kilogram of sugar.”
682
2837349
3481
"āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻāĻ• āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
47:20
“Two kilograms of sugar.”
683
2840830
4039
"āĻĻ⧁āχ āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤"
47:24
With materials and foods, we often use the word, ‘piece’.
684
2844869
5411
āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāχ 'āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
47:30
For example, “I ate two pieces of cake.”
685
2850280
4400
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, "āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
47:34
Or bread.
686
2854680
1470
āĻŦāĻž āϰ⧁āϟāĻŋāĨ¤
47:36
Or pizza.
687
2856150
1330
āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻŋāϜāĻžāĨ¤
47:37
Or meat.
688
2857480
1329
āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ‚āϏāĨ¤
47:38
Or cheese.
689
2858809
1331
āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāύāĻŋāϰāĨ¤
47:40
“I need pieces of paper.”
690
2860140
3520
"āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤"
47:43
Wood.
691
2863660
1090
āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĨ¤
47:44
Plastic.
692
2864750
1089
āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
47:45
Metal.
693
2865839
1091
āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤
47:46
Or “I have some water.”
694
2866930
4169
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž "āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϜāϞ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤"
47:51
‘Some’ is an article that always works with uncountable nouns.
695
2871099
5881
'āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āϝāĻž āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
47:56
Ok guys, I hope you understand.
696
2876980
3089
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
48:00
Let’s move on.
697
2880069
1881
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
48:01
Some words can be both countable and uncountable nouns.
698
2881950
5409
āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧāχ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
48:07
Now not all of them.
699
2887359
1980
āĻāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦ āύāĻž.
48:09
But some of them.
700
2889339
1341
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĨ¤
48:10
Let’s take a look.
701
2890680
1689
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
48:12
“I would like to eat some cake.”
702
2892369
3881
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχāĨ¤"
48:16
“I would like two pieces of cake.”
703
2896250
4390
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϚāĻžāχāĨ¤"
48:20
So in these two sentences, ‘cake’ is obviously and uncountable noun.
704
2900640
5119
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āĻāχ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇, 'āϕ⧇āĻ•' āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāϤāχ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
48:25
But if I say, “I would like to eat two cakes.”
705
2905759
4990
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, "āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχāĨ¤"
48:30
Suddenly, it becomes a countable noun.
706
2910749
3991
āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ“āϠ⧇āĨ¤
48:34
Why?
707
2914740
1300
āϕ⧇āύ?
48:36
Because in the first two sentences, we are talking about pieces of one cake.
708
2916040
7370
āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
48:43
In the last sentence, we are considering the whole cake.
709
2923410
5910
āĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋ āϕ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
48:49
So it becomes countable.
710
2929320
3989
āϤāĻžāχ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ“āϠ⧇āĨ¤
48:53
Another example.
711
2933309
1071
āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ.
48:54
“I would like to eat some chicken.”
712
2934380
3050
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—āĻŋ āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχāĨ¤"
48:57
“I would like to eat a piece of chicken.”
713
2937430
3490
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—āĻŋāϰ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχāĨ¤"
49:00
Both sentences, uncountable noun, ‘chicken’.
714
2940920
4880
āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ, āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ, 'āϚāĻŋāϕ⧇āύ'āĨ¤
49:05
But the last sentence, “I see two chickens.”
715
2945800
4440
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ, "āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
49:10
Hmm, ‘chicken’, in this case, is a countable noun.
716
2950240
4660
āĻšā§āĻŽ, 'āϚāĻŋāϕ⧇āύ', āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
49:14
Why?
717
2954900
1000
āϕ⧇āύ?
49:15
Because in the first two sentences, ‘chicken’ is food.
718
2955900
6210
āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ 'āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—āĻŋ' āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝāĨ¤
49:22
But in the last sentence, ‘chicken’ is an animal.
719
2962110
4459
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ 'āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—āĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
49:26
So the animal is a countable noun.
720
2966569
2940
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻļ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤
49:29
‘Chicken’ as food is uncountable.
721
2969509
3810
āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ 'āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—āĻŋ' āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
49:33
Hope you get it.
722
2973319
1000
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
49:34
Let’s move on to example sentences now.
723
2974319
2970
āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
49:37
Let’s now review a few example sentences, so you can practice using countable and uncountable
724
2977289
6911
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ
49:44
nouns.
725
2984200
1440
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
49:45
Please repeat after me.
726
2985640
1310
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
49:46
And be careful to use proper pronunciation.
727
2986950
2639
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύāĨ¤
49:49
Let’s get started.
728
2989589
2461
āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
49:52
First sentence guys.
729
2992050
2539
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ.
49:54
“I put one hundred candles on six cakes.”
730
2994589
6020
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻļāϤ āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:00
Please repeat after me.
731
3000609
1670
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
50:02
“I put one hundred candles on six cakes.”
732
3002279
5061
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻļāϤ āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:07
“I put one hundred candles on six cakes.”
733
3007340
12630
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻļāϤ āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:19
Good job.
734
3019970
1000
āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›.
50:20
Second example.
735
3020970
1430
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĨ¤
50:22
“I ate two pieces of cake.”
736
3022400
3010
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:25
Please repeat after me.
737
3025410
2730
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
50:28
“I ate two pieces of cake.”
738
3028140
3800
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:31
“I ate two pieces of cake.”
739
3031940
11000
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āϕ⧇āĻ• āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:42
Next sentence.
740
3042940
1000
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĨ¤
50:43
“I saw some trash on all the streets.”
741
3043940
3909
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āφāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϜāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:47
Please repeat after me.
742
3047849
3951
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
50:51
“I saw some trash on all the streets.”
743
3051800
3440
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āφāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϜāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:55
“I saw some trash on all the streets.”
744
3055240
11869
"āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āφāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϜāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
51:07
Very good.
745
3067109
1220
āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋.
51:08
Next one.
746
3068329
1000
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀.
51:09
“I need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.”
747
3069329
5480
"āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻŋāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤"
51:14
Please repeat after me.
748
3074809
2191
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧋.
51:17
“I need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.”
749
3077000
6210
"āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻŋāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤"
51:23
“I need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.”
750
3083210
9899
"āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻŋāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤"
51:33
And finally.
751
3093109
4641
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇.
51:37
“Traffic and pollution are problems in many cities.”
752
3097750
5980
"āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āώāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤"
51:43
Repeat after me.
753
3103730
1819
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ.
51:45
“Traffic and pollution are problems in many cities.”
754
3105549
5020
"āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āώāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤"
51:50
“Traffic and pollution are problems in many cities.”
755
3110569
16230
"āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āώāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤"
52:06
Good job guys.
756
3126799
1421
āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž.
52:08
I hope you repeated after me and worked on your pronunciation.
757
3128220
4990
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
52:13
Thank you for watching this video.
758
3133210
1859
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
52:15
I hope you now have a better understanding of countable and uncountable nouns.
759
3135069
5351
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
52:20
I know it’s hard, but don’t worry, keep practicing.
760
3140420
5040
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύāĨ¤
52:25
Practice makes perfect.
761
3145460
1799
āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āϏāĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āϝāϰ āϚāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϟāĻŋ.
52:27
Thank you for watching my video and please watch the rest of the videos.
762
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
52:35
Thank you guys for watching my video.
763
3155660
1609
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
52:37
If you liked it, please show me your support by clicking ‘like’, by subscribing to
764
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āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ 'āϞāĻžāχāĻ•' āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞāϟāĻŋ
52:42
the channel, by putting your comments below and sharing this video.
765
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4169
āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āύ⧀āĻšā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ
52:46
Thank you very much and see you.
766
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āĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇.
52:51
And do it.
767
3171529
2040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.
52:53
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
768
3173569
9271
āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
53:02
Ok, so for example, if you say ‘a dog’, you can say, “a dog, one dog, two dogs,
769
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16159
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ' āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, "āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ, āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ,
53:18
three dogs.”
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3198999
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āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰāĨ¤"
53:21
You can count them.
771
3201380
2400
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
53:23
Uncountable nounsâ€Ļ
772
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2120
āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ...
53:25
Stop, you gotta slow down.
773
3205900
3439
āĻĨāĻžāĻŽā§āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϧ⧀āϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
53:29
Ahh, sorry.
774
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1601
āφāĻš, āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ–āĻŋāϤāĨ¤
53:30
Why am I going so fast?
775
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4770
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϤ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āϕ⧇āύ?
53:35
Slow down.
776
3215710
1589
āφāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧇ āφāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧇.
53:37
Take your time.
777
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2391
āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāύ.
53:39
Make it a good video.
778
3219690
3980
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.
53:43
Okay.
779
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1000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇.
53:44
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
780
3224670
4490
āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
āĻāχ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦāϏāĻžāχāϟ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇

āĻāχ āϏāĻžāχāϟāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ YouTube āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāϤ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ™ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇⧎ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇, āĻāχ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.

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