NOUNS | Basic English Grammar Course | 5 lessons

1,094,549 views ãƒģ 2018-07-12

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤

00:00
Hello, everybody.
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡.
00:01
Welcome to this English course.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
00:03
In today's video, I'm going to tell you about nouns.
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āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
00:06
Because in English, nouns are very important.
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āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ nouns āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
00:10
They are the basic element of a sentence.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨.
00:13
So if you want to speak English, you need to know about the different kinds
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ°
00:18
of nouns.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
00:20
And I'm going to try and teach you as well as I can.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
00:23
Let's get started!
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ!
00:27
Ok, so let's start with concrete nouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
00:32
Now in English, concrete nouns are people places or things,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸,
00:39
including animals.
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āĻĒāĻļā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĨ¤
00:41
That you can see, that you can smell, or taste, or hear, or touch.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻ§, āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
00:50
So you can basically use your five senses.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
00:54
Let me give you a few examples.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤
00:56
If we talk about people, you could say, a man
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ
01:01
or a teacher, or me, Fanny.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ, āĻĢā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
01:06
Or Mr. Smith.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ.
01:08
If we talk about places, you could say,
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨,
01:11
a house, a school.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
01:15
You could name a city like London.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
01:17
Very nice city.
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āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ° āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĨ¤
01:19
Or a beach.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤.
01:20
And if you talk about things, you could say a shoe,
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨,
01:25
you could say a marker, you could talk about a dog
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°
01:30
or food like a pizza.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻŋāĻœā§āĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
01:34
These are concrete nouns....ok.
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯....āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
01:38
Now let's move on to abstract nouns.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
01:43
So abstract nouns, unlike concrete nouns, are ideas, concepts, emotions.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž, āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž, āĻ†āĻŦā§‡āĻ—āĨ¤
01:52
And you can't see an idea.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
01:56
You can't smell a concept.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
01:58
You can't taste an emotion.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦā§‡āĻ— āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
02:01
Or hear it.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
02:02
Or touch it.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
02:03
So they are nouns.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
02:05
They are things that exist, but you cannot see them, or taste them.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
02:09
You can't use your five sense.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻš āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
02:13
To give you a few examples, we could talk about love,
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽ,
02:17
or time, or religion,
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āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻŦāĻž āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽ,
02:22
rules.
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
02:24
These are all words that represent ideas, concepts...
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž, āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ§āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡... āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡
02:28
okay They're abstract nouns in English.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
02:32
Now, let's get into more detail about nouns.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
02:36
Let's now see the difference between common nouns
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯
02:40
and proper nouns which are very important in English.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:44
So common nouns and proper nouns refer to people, places, things, ideas.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸, āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
02:51
Let's see a few examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
02:55
We could talk about people for example.
47
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
02:58
A woman.
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āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž.
02:59
That's a common noun.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯.
03:01
But if we talk about a specific woman, for example, me, Fanny.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ, āĻĢā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
03:08
That becomes a proper noun with a capital 'F'.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨ 'F' āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
03:12
because, and you should know this, proper nouns are always capitalized.
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āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
03:19
You could talk about places.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
03:21
A city.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāĻ°.
03:22
That's a common noun.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯.
03:25
But then you can name a specific city.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
03:27
Let's take a great city, London, of course.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻļāĻšāĻ°, āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•, āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡.
03:31
With a capital 'L'.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨ 'L' āĻ¸āĻšāĨ¤
03:33
Remember proper nouns - always capitalized.
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āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ - āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻœāĻĄāĨ¤
03:37
We can talk about things for example.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
03:39
An animal.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻŋ.
03:40
Let's take a dog.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
03:41
A dog.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°.
03:42
That's a common noun.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯.
03:43
But if we take a specific dog, like Snoopy - capital 'S',
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‡, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻŋ - āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ˛ 'S',
03:50
that's the proper noun.
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
03:53
If we talk about things again, but for example, a car,
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ,
03:58
that's a common noun.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
03:59
But if we name the brand, the specific brand of the car like Volvo,
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ­āĻ˛āĻ­ā§‹āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ,
04:05
that's a proper noun.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
04:06
And it takes a capital 'V'.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨ 'V' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤
04:09
And finally, and we can say, a team - common noun.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ˛ - āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
04:14
But if we name a specific team, for example, the best football team, Manchester United,
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻĻāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻĻāĻ˛, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻšā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ,
04:21
then that's a proper noun and it's capitalized.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
04:25
Now mind you, 'team', is a special word because it's called
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡
04:29
a collective noun in English because it refers to a group of people.
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻ˛ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
04:34
So collective nouns can be used as singular nouns or plural nouns.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
04:39
But we will talk about this again later.
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
04:42
So now that we know a lot about nouns in English, Let's practice finding nouns in a sentence.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
04:51
Okay, first, In my class at Oxford University, I have many
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•
04:58
friends.
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āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
04:59
My best friend is Jan.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
05:02
I have a lot of love for her.
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āĻ“āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĨ¤
05:06
Jan has a cute dog.
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āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
05:08
Its name is Juju.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻœā§āĻœā§āĨ¤
05:10
What are the nouns in these sentences?
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋ?
05:14
If we take the first sentence, In my class at Oxford University, I have many
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•
05:21
friends.
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āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
05:23
We have, class, and friends.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž, āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
05:28
These are common nouns.
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
05:30
We also have a proper noun, Oxford University.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:35
We know it's a proper noun because it's capitalized.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
05:40
The second sentence is, My best friend is Jen.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
05:45
Now in this sentence, the noun is, friend - common noun.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ - āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
05:53
And there's also the word, Jen, is also a noun but a proper noun.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻœā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯.
05:59
As you can see it's capitalized.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨āĨ¤
06:01
Then, I have a lot of love for her.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
06:07
What noun can you see?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
06:11
Of course, 'love'.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ 'āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻž'āĨ¤
06:12
Remember the abstract noun we talked about a few minutes ago.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
06:17
And finally, Jan has a cute dog.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
06:21
Its name is Juju.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻœā§āĻœā§āĨ¤
06:23
What nouns can we find?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
06:25
We can see, 'Jen', again - proper noun.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻœā§‡āĻ¨', āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° - āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
06:29
'Dog' - common noun.
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'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°' - āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
06:31
But also, 'name', and 'Juju'.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻœā§āĻœā§'āĨ¤
06:36
'Name's' a common noun.
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'Name's' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
06:37
'Juju' is the proper noun.
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'āĻœā§āĻœā§' āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
06:40
It's capitalized.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§āĻāĻœāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡.
06:42
As you probably know, I haven't mentioned, 'I', or 'her', or 'its'.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
06:49
They are also nouns, but they are pronouns and
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
06:53
they're considered a different category in English.
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ˇ
06:56
We will talk about them in another video . Great job guys!
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ!
07:01
Thank you for watching my video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
07:03
I hope you now have a better understanding of nouns in English.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
07:08
Please keep practicing.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
07:10
Practice makes perfect.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ.
07:11
I'm sure you will very soon be able to recognize nouns in a sentence.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
07:16
Please make sure to watch my next video as I keep on talking about nouns.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĨ¤
07:21
See you.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
07:24
Thank you for watching my video guys.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
07:27
If you've liked this video, please click like, subscribe to our channel, show us
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°
07:31
your support, put your comments below and share
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
07:42
this video.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
07:43
Thank you.
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āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
07:44
Hello guys!
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž!
07:45
And welcome to this English course on nouns.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
07:46
In today’s video, we’re going to talk about singular and plural nouns.
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āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
07:53
When you speak English, it’s very important to know the difference between a singular
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ°
07:57
noun and a plural noun.
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āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
08:00
Ok?
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ā§ˇ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡?
08:01
So I will explain to you the different rules.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
08:04
And we will practice together.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
08:06
Let’s get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
08:10
Ok guys, the first you need to know is that a singular noun means one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
08:18
So, for example, I can say, ‘cat’. ‘a cat’
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛'āĨ¤
'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛
08:25
‘one cat’ ‘school’
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' 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛' 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛'
08:27
‘a school’ ‘one school’
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'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛' 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ'
08:31
‘team’ Now don’t forget, ‘team’ is a collective
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
08:36
noun.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ“, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
08:37
It’s a group of people, but still, it’s a singular noun.
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08:41
We talk about ‘a team’, or ‘one team.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ˛', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ˛' āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤
08:45
‘lady’ ‘monkey’
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'āĻ˛ā§‡āĻĄāĻŋ' 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°'
08:47
‘tomato’ ‘a tomato’
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'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹'
08:50
‘one tomato’ Or ‘piano’.
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'āĻāĻ• āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹'āĨ¤
08:54
Now, if we talk about plural nouns, it means more than one.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
09:00
So for example, two, three, four, or many.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻĻā§āĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨, āĻšāĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•.
09:05
If we take our words again, ‘a cat’ becomes ‘cats’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:10
‘two cats’ ‘three cats’
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'āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛'
09:15
‘many cats’ ‘school’’ becomes ‘schools’.
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'āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛'āĨ¤
09:19
‘team’ becomes ‘teams’.
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'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ' 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:23
Ok, so you just add an ‘s’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
09:27
Now ‘lady’ becomes ‘ladies.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻ˛ā§‡āĻĄāĻŋ' 'āĻ˛ā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:32
‘monkey’ becomes ‘monkeys’.
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:36
But, two different rules.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĨ¤
09:39
As you can see, ‘lady’ is consonant + ‘y’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ˛ā§‡āĻĄāĻŋ' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'y'āĨ¤
09:43
Now when you have consonant + ‘y’, in an English word, the plural will be ‘ies’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'y' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡, āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ 'ies'āĨ¤
09:50
‘lady’ ‘ladies’
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'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž'
09:54
But when you have vowel + ‘y’ like ‘monkey’, it just becomes ‘monkeys’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'āĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
10:02
You simply add an ‘s’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
10:04
Ok, ‘monkey’ becomes ‘monkeys’. ‘tomato’ becomes ‘tomatoes’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' 'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
10:10
‘piano’ ‘pianos’ Again, two different rules.
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'āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹' 'āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹' āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĨ¤
10:15
Now ‘tomato’ becomes ‘tomatoes’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹'āĨ¤
10:19
You add ‘es’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
10:21
And with most words ending in ‘o’, so consonant + ‘o’, you will add ‘es’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'o' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'o', āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
10:28
But sometimes, you will only add ‘s’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
10:32
Like ‘piano’, ‘pianos’.
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āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ 'āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹', 'āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹'āĨ¤
10:35
There is no particular rule for this.
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āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
10:39
You just need to know the words that only end with an ‘s’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
10:43
Ok, let’s move on to some pronunciation now.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
10:48
So, when it comes to pronunciation, we have three different sounds.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
10:56
The first sound is /s/.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ /s/āĨ¤
11:01
The second sound is /z/.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ /z/āĨ¤
11:05
And the third sounds is /Iz/.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ /Iz/āĨ¤
11:08
So let’s review some words together and be really careful, what sound do you hear?
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻ¤āĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
11:15
‘cats’ ‘cats’
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'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛'
11:18
What can you hear? /s/
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
/s/ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
11:25
Can you repeat after me.
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11:27
‘cats’ ‘cats’
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'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛'
11:31
The second word is ‘schools’. ‘schools’
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛'āĨ¤
'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛' āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
11:38
What sound can you hear?
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11:40
Of course, /z/.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡, /z/āĨ¤
11:43
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
11:45
‘schools’ ‘schools’
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'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛' 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛'
11:47
The third words is ‘teams’.
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āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ'āĨ¤
11:55
What sound can you hear?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
11:57
Again, /z/.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, /z/āĨ¤
11:59
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
12:01
‘teams’ ‘teams’
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'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ' 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ'
12:05
Then we have ‘ladies’. ‘ladies’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž' /z/
12:10
/z/ Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
12:15
‘ladies’ ‘ladies’
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'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž'
12:19
Then ‘monkeys’. /z/ again.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°'āĨ¤
/z/ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
12:24
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
12:27
‘monkeys’. ‘monkeys’
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°'āĨ¤
'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
12:31
Then we have ‘tomatoes’.
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12:33
Again, it’s the /z/ sound.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ /z/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
12:40
‘tomatoes’ ‘tomatoes’
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'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹' 'āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹'
12:42
And finally, ‘pianos’. /z/
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹'āĨ¤
/z/ 'pianos'
12:48
‘pianos’ ‘pianos’
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'pianos' āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
12:52
Let’s move on to other rules now.
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12:57
Ok guys, let’s now talk about nouns that end in ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, ‘ch’,
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž 's', 'sh', 'x', 'ch',
13:05
or ‘z’.
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āĻŦāĻž 'z' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
13:07
Now to make the plural form of these nouns, you will add ‘es’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
13:12
And the sound will be /Iz/.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ /Iz/āĨ¤
13:15
Let’s review some words together.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
13:19
‘bus’ becomes ‘buses’. ‘bush’ ‘bushes’
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸' 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
'āĻā§‹āĻĒ' 'āĻā§‹āĻĒ' 'āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛
13:27
‘fox’ ‘foxes’ ‘beach’ ‘beaches’
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' 'āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤' 'āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤' 'āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœ' 'āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœ'
13:34
‘quiz’ ‘quizzes’ Can you repeat after me?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
13:40
‘buses’ ‘buses’ ‘bushes’ ‘bushes’
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸' 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸' 'āĻā§‹āĻĒ' 'āĻā§‹āĻĒ'
13:48
‘foxes’ ‘foxes’ ‘beaches’ ‘beaches’
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'āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' 'āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤' 'āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤'
13:55
‘quizzes’ ‘quizzes’ Let’s move on.
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'āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœ' 'āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœ' āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
14:04
Ok, guys.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
14:08
Moving on to nouns that end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’.
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'f' āĻŦāĻž 'fe' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
14:18
For example, ‘roof’ becomes ‘roofs’. ‘safe’ ‘safes’
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āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
'safe' 'safes' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
14:25
So you simply add an ‘s’.
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14:29
Then we have ‘leaf’ that becomes ‘leaves’.
217
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
14:32
Wait a minute.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
14:33
What happened?
219
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āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹?
14:35
Well, ya, sometimes in English, a word ending in ‘f’ becomes a word ending in ‘ves’
220
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž, āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, 'f'-āĻ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
14:44
in plural.
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ā§‡ 'ves'-āĻ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
14:45
That’s not a rule.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
14:47
But some words end in ‘ves’, you just have to learn them I’m afraid.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¸' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
14:53
Another word, ‘wife’.
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āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€'āĨ¤
14:55
And again, ‘ves’. ‘wives’
225
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¸'āĨ¤
'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€' 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•' 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•'
15:00
‘shelf’ ‘shelves’ Again, this ‘ves’ ending.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ‡ 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¸' āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĨ¤
15:06
Now let’s focus on pronunciation.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
15:09
‘roofs’ So it’s an /s/ sound.
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'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ /s/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
15:19
‘roofs’ ‘roofs’
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'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ' 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ'
15:22
Good job.
230
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĨ¤
15:25
‘safes’ ‘safes’
231
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'safes' 'safes'
15:29
Have you heard the /s/ sound?
232
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ /s/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
15:35
‘safes’ Then we have ‘leaves’.
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'safes' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
15:39
And this time it’s a /z/ sound.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ /z/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
15:42
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
15:44
‘leaves’ ‘leaves’
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'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž' 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž'
15:48
Great.
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āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
15:51
Moving on.
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āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹.
15:53
‘wives’ ‘wives’
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'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€' 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€'
15:58
And finally, ‘shelves’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•'
16:04
‘shelves’ Great job guys.
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•' āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
16:07
Let’s move on to practice now.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
16:09
Well students, let’s now practice together.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
16:13
I’m going to give you a singular noun, and I want you to try and find the plural form
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
16:20
of this singular noun.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
16:22
Ok?
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡?
16:23
Let’s give it a try.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
16:25
The first word is ‘baby’. ‘baby’
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§'āĨ¤
'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻž' āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'y' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
16:31
Don’t forget, it ends with consonant + ‘y’.
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16:37
Do you remember the rule?
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡?
16:39
It’s ‘babies’ with ‘ies’.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'ies' āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§'āĨ¤
16:45
Very nice.
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āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°.
16:46
‘baby’ ‘babies’ The second word is ‘toy’.
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻž' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
16:50
Hmmm, vowel + ‘y’.
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āĻšā§āĻŽ, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ + 'āĻ‡'āĨ¤
16:55
So this time, ‘toys’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
16:58
You simply add an ‘s’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:01
Then we have ‘wish’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
17:04
Wish is a word that ends in ‘sh’.
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āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¯āĻž 'āĻļ' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
17:10
Remember the rule.
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:12
‘wishes’ You add ‘es’.
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'wishes' āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:15
‘taxi’ becomes ‘taxis’.
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'āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ' 'āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
17:20
You simply add an ‘s’. ‘choice’ ‘choices’
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ' 'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ' āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:27
Simply add an ‘s’ as well.
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17:30
Then we have the word ‘wolf’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧā§‡' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
17:32
Aha!
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āĻ†āĻšāĻž!
17:33
It’s a word ending in ‘f’.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'f' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
17:38
Is it a word with ‘ves’?
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āĻāĻŸāĻž 'ves' āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ?
17:41
It is.
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āĻāĻ‡āĻŸāĻž.
17:44
‘wolves’ And finally,
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'āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧā§‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡,
17:46
‘photo’ Now remember the words ending in ‘o’?
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'āĻĢāĻŸā§‹' āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻ“' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡?
17:51
You can add ‘es’ or simply ‘s’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'es' āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:55
Well with photo, you simply add an ‘s’. ‘photos’
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
'photos' āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
18:01
Now if we focus on pronunciation now.
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18:05
Repeat the words after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
18:09
‘babies’ The sound is /z/
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'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ /z/
18:13
‘babies’ ‘toys’
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'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' 'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž'
18:19
‘toys’ ‘wishes’
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'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž' 'āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž'
18:24
Remember this /Iz/ sound?
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āĻāĻ‡ /Iz/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡?
18:26
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
18:29
‘wishes’ ‘taxis’
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'āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž' 'āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ'
18:32
‘taxis’ ‘choices’
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'āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ' 'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ'
18:36
‘choices’ ‘wolves’
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'āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ' 'āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧā§‡'
18:40
‘wolves’ And finally,
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'āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻĄāĻŧā§‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡,
18:46
‘photos’ ‘photos’ Excellent job guys.
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'āĻĢāĻŸā§‹' 'āĻĢāĻŸā§‹' āĻšāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
18:55
Now let’s move on to some example sentences.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
19:03
I have some example sentences for you guys.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
19:07
Using singular and plural nouns.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
19:09
I would like you to repeat the sentences after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
19:13
And be really careful to sue proper pronunciation.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
19:17
Let’s get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
19:20
First, ‘I want a dog.’
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤'
19:24
‘I like dogs.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.'
19:28
Repeat after me, guys.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
19:29
‘I want a dog.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ‡.'
19:31
‘I like dogs.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.'
19:39
The second sentence.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
19:41
‘I don’t want a fox.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
19:45
‘I don’t like foxes.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
19:49
After me, guys.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
19:50
‘I don’t want a fox.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
19:52
‘I don’t like foxes.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
19:57
Great, moving on the to the third sentence.
302
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āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤, āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
20:05
‘I bought a watch.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
20:08
‘I have many watches.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:12
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
20:13
‘I bought a watch.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
20:17
‘I have many watches.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:25
Good job.
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›.
20:27
Sentence four now.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĨ¤
20:29
‘I have a new stereo.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:32
‘Now, I have two stereos.’
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'āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:35
After me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡.
20:37
‘I have a new stereo.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:42
‘Now, I have two stereos.’
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'āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:45
Excellent!
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āĻšāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāĻ°!
20:51
And finally, ‘There’s a knife.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:54
‘There are six knives in the kitchen.’
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'āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˜āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
20:59
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
21:00
‘There’s a knife.’
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'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
21:02
‘There are six knives in the kitchen.’
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'āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˜āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
21:09
Amazing job guys.
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āĻ†āĻļā§āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
21:14
Very nice.
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āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°.
21:15
I hoped this has helped.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ†āĻļāĻž.
21:17
I hope you now understand better, singular and plural nouns in English.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
21:22
Now, I haven’t talked about all the pronunciation rules,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ,
21:27
But I hope you have a good sense now of how pronounce plural forms.
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
21:33
Make sure you watch my next video if you want to know more about nouns in English.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
21:38
Thank you very much for watching guys.
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āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
21:41
Thank you for watching my video, guys!
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ!
21:47
If you’ve liked this video, please show me your support.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
21:50
Click ‘like’.
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'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•' āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
21:51
Subscribe to the channel.
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
21:53
Put your comments below and share the video.
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āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
21:57
See you.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
22:01
Hello, guys.
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
22:05
Welcome to this English course on nouns.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
22:08
In today’s video, I’m going to tell you about irregular plural nouns.
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āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
22:15
Now there are crazy ways of making plural forms in English.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
22:19
And there are a lot of irregular forms.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
22:21
I want you to know about them, so let’s get started.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
22:29
Again, guys, there are so many irregular plural forms in English.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
22:35
And I’m afraid there are no particular rules.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
22:39
You just need to learn the words.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
22:41
But I’m going to try and tell you about the most common ones.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
22:46
Ok?
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡?
22:47
Let’s review some words together.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
22:49
Ok, so, for example.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ.
22:52
We have a singular noun which is ‘woman’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€'āĨ¤
22:56
It’s plural form is ‘women’. ‘woman’ ‘women’
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āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€'āĨ¤
'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€' 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
23:04
Then we have ‘man’.
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23:05
The singular noun, ‘a man’, it becomes ‘men’.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, 'āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ', āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
23:11
‘a child’ becomes ‘children’ ‘a tooth’ ‘teeth’
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'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤' 'āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤'
23:19
‘a foot’ becomes ‘feet’ ‘a person’ becomes ‘people’.
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'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
23:28
‘a mouse’ becomes ‘mice’ Ok, let’s move on to pronunciation now.
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'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
23:36
Well students, let’s work on pronunciation a bit.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
23:40
Please repeat after me.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
23:45
‘woman’ ‘woman’ ‘women’ ‘women’
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'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž' 'āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž'
23:58
Good.
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤
24:01
‘man’ ‘man’ ‘men’ ‘men’
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'āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ' 'āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ' 'āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ'
24:14
‘child’ ‘child’ ‘children’ ‘children’
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'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§' 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§'
24:26
Very good guys.
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āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
24:28
Moving on.
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āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹.
24:31
‘tooth’ ‘tooth’ ‘teeth’ ‘teeth’
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'āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤' 'āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤' 'āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤' 'āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤
24:44
‘foot’ ‘foot’ ‘feet’ ‘feet’
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' 'āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻž' 'āĻĢā§āĻŸ'
24:57
‘person’ ‘person’ ‘people’ ‘people’
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'āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ' 'āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ'
25:10
Very good guys.
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āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
25:11
And the last one.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ.
25:14
‘mouse’ ‘mouse’ ‘mice’ ‘mice’
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'āĻŽāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸' 'āĻ‡āĻāĻĻā§āĻ°'
25:22
Excellent, guys.
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āĻšāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
25:26
Let’s now move on to other irregular plural forms.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
25:33
Now there are words that have the exact same singular and plural forms.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ā§ˇ
25:38
They are not common, but you need to know a few.
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
25:43
Let’s take a look together.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
25:46
As you can see, ‘sheep’ is the singular form.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĨ¤
25:51
But the plural form is not ‘sheeps’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
25:55
It is ‘sheep’.
376
1555130
3929
āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž'āĨ¤
25:59
Same goes for ‘deer’ ‘deer’. ‘moose’ ‘moose’
377
1559059
6690
'āĻšāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖ' 'āĻšāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖ'-āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤
'Moose' 'Moose' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›'
26:05
‘fish’ ‘fish’ ‘aircraft’ ‘aircraft’
378
1565749
4961
'āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĢā§āĻŸ' 'āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĢāĻŸ' āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
26:10
Ok, so you will say, “I see one sheep.”
379
1570710
6439
26:17
But also, “I see two sheep.”
380
1577149
4041
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
26:21
The exact same word.
381
1581190
2040
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
26:23
Ok, let’s go back for pronunciation.
382
1583230
3509
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
26:26
I want you to repeat after me.
383
1586739
4180
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĨ¤
26:30
‘sheep’ ‘sheep’ ‘deer’ ‘deer’
384
1590919
11561
'āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻž' 'āĻšāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖ' 'āĻšāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖ'
26:42
‘moose’ ‘moose’ ‘fish’ ‘fish’
385
1602480
11559
'āĻŽā§‹āĻœ' 'āĻŽā§‹āĻœ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ›'
26:54
‘aircraft’ ‘aircraft’ Good job guys.
386
1614039
6720
'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨' āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
27:00
Let’s move to other irregular forms.
387
1620759
4290
āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
27:05
Some nouns are never singular.
388
1625049
3401
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
27:08
We always use their plural forms.
389
1628450
3419
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
27:11
I have a few common ones for you guys.
390
1631869
2430
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
27:14
Let’s have a look.
391
1634299
2550
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋ.
27:16
‘jeans’ ‘pants’
392
1636849
4160
'āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸' 'āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ'
27:21
‘glasses’ ‘sunglasses’
393
1641009
4160
'āĻšāĻļāĻŽāĻž' 'āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸'
27:25
‘clothes’ ‘scissors’
394
1645169
4161
'āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' 'āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻšāĻŋ'
27:29
‘pajamas’ So you will say, “I have some jeans.”
395
1649330
5839
'āĻĒāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻž' āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
27:35
Or, “I have scissors.”
396
1655169
3730
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻšāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
27:38
But you cannot say, “I have a jean.”
397
1658899
4370
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
27:43
It is incorrect in English.
398
1663269
2260
āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
27:45
Let’s work a bit on pronunciation.
399
1665529
4530
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
27:50
Repeat after me, please.
400
1670059
6000
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡.
27:56
‘jeans’ ‘jeans’ ‘pants’ ‘pants’
401
1676059
11220
'āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸' 'āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸' 'āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ' 'āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ' '
28:07
‘glasses’ ‘glasses’ ‘sunglasses’ ‘sunglasses’
402
1687279
11221
āĻšāĻļāĻŽāĻž' 'āĻšāĻļāĻŽāĻž' 'āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸' 'āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸' '
28:18
‘clothes’ ‘clothes’ ‘scissors’ ‘scissors’
403
1698500
11220
āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' 'āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' 'āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻšāĻŋ' 'āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻšāĻŋ'
28:29
And finally, ‘pajamas’ ‘pajamas’
404
1709720
8069
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻĒāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻž' 'āĻĒāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻž'
28:37
Good guys.
405
1717789
1000
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
28:38
Let’s now look at other irregular plural forms.
406
1718789
4500
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
28:43
Now, just a few words about nouns in English that have Latin and Greek origins.
407
1723289
8940
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§€āĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
28:52
Their plural forms are very weird.
408
1732229
3180
āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻĻā§āĻ­ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
28:55
It’s a bit complicated, so we’re not going to into too much detail.
409
1735409
4411
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
28:59
Don’t worry too much about them.
410
1739820
3120
āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
29:02
But just a few words that I think you should know.
411
1742940
4020
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
29:06
First, we have words ending in ‘a’.
412
1746960
4140
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ 'a' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
29:11
Their plural form will end in ‘ae’.
413
1751100
4449
āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ 'ae'-āĻ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
29:15
For example, ‘antenna’ becomes ‘antennae’
414
1755549
5970
āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, 'āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨āĻž'
29:21
‘alumna’ ‘alumnae’ Words ending in ‘us’, us, will end in
415
1761519
9331
'āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŽāĻ¨āĻž' 'āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŽāĻ¨āĻž' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°', āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°,
29:30
‘i’. ‘octopus’ ‘octopi’
416
1770850
5980
'i' āĻ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻŦā§‡
āĨ¤ 'āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸' 'āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻĒāĻŋ' 'āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¸' 'āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋ'
29:36
‘cactus’ ‘cacti’ Words ending in ‘is’, will end in ‘es’.
417
1776830
9049
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ 'is', āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ 'es'āĨ¤ 'is' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 'es'āĨ¤
29:45
‘is’ becomes ‘es’.
418
1785879
3300
29:49
For example, ‘analysis’ ‘analyses’ ‘diagnosis’ ‘diagnoses’
419
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10050
āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ' 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ' 'āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧ' 'āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧ'
29:59
And finally, words ending in ‘on’, end in ‘a’.
420
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8280
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ…āĻ¨' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
30:07
‘criterion’ ‘criteria’ ‘phenomenon’ ‘phenomena’
421
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6340
'āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻŋ' 'āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ' 'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻžā§āĻš' 'āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻž'
30:13
These plural forms are very difficult, guys.
422
1813849
3050
āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
30:16
Even native speakers make a lot of mistakes, so don’t worry too much about them.
423
1816899
6070
āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻˇā§€āĻ°āĻžāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
30:22
I just wanted to give you a little taste of Latin and Greek plurals.
424
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6150
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§€āĻ• āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
30:29
Let’s move on to example sentences now.
425
1829119
4490
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
30:33
Ok, guys.
426
1833609
1290
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
30:34
I have a few example sentences for you.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
30:37
It’s a great opportunity to practice saying irregular plural forms in English.
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĨ¤
30:45
Be very careful to use proper pronunciation as well.
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āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
30:49
Let’s start.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
30:51
First, ‘my sister has one child’ ‘my brother has two children’.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡' 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
30:59
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
31:01
‘my sister has one child’ ‘my brother has two children’.
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡' 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
31:12
Next.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
31:15
‘I’m a quiet person, so I don’t talk to many people.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
31:22
Please repeat after me.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
31:25
‘I’m a quiet person, so I don’t talk to many people.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
31:39
Good guys.
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ°āĻž.
31:40
Next sentence.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
31:42
‘Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake?’
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?'
31:50
Repeat after me, please.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡.
31:51
‘Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake?’
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?'
32:06
Very good.
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āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹.
32:08
Next sentence.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
32:10
‘I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻļāĻŽāĻž āĻ†āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
32:17
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
32:19
‘I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses.’
447
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻļāĻŽāĻž āĻ†āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
32:29
Excellent, guys.
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āĻšāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
32:36
And finally, ‘He has one cactus in his front yard, but
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§
32:42
many cacti in his back yard.’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
32:45
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
32:47
‘He has one cactus in his front yard, but many cacti in his back yard.’
452
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‡āĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
33:01
Ok, students.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°.
33:05
I hope you repeated after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
33:08
And you practiced your pronunciation.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨.
33:11
I hope you now have a better understanding of irregular plural forms in English.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
33:17
There are many of them.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
33:19
Not many rules to follow.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
33:21
A lot of words to memorize.
459
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
33:23
But, I’m sure with a little bit of practice, you can do it.
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
33:28
Thank you for watching my video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
33:30
Make sure you watch the other videos as well.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
33:33
Thank you.
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āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
33:34
Thank you guys for watching my video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
33:39
If you’ve liked this video, please, show me your support.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
33:44
Click ‘like, subscribe to our channel, put your comments below, and share the video.
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'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
33:49
Thank you very much.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
33:52
See you.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
33:55
Hello guys, welcome back to this English course on nouns.
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
34:01
In today’s video, I’m going to tell you about compound nouns.
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āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
34:06
They are very common in English and there are thousands of them.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
34:10
You need to know about them.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
34:13
Let’s get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
34:17
A compound noun is made up of two different words.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
34:22
So you take two words, you put them together, to create a new noun.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
34:27
They’re usually quite easy to understand.
476
2067730
2970
āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĨ¤
34:30
For example, ‘full moon’.
477
2070700
2679
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ 'āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŽāĻž'āĨ¤
34:33
‘Full’ is obviously the adjective describing the moon.
478
2073379
4641
'āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ' āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĨ¤
34:38
Let’s take a look at other examples, and how to create compound nouns.
479
2078020
6559
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
34:44
Sometimes, compound nouns are a single noun.
480
2084579
4500
āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“, āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
34:49
Like, ‘toothpaste’.
481
2089079
1810
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻŸā§āĻĨāĻĒā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ'āĨ¤
34:50
Sometimes, they’re two or more words hyphenated.
482
2090889
5290
āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻĢā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
34:56
Such as ‘mother-in-law’.
483
2096179
2670
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ 'āĻļāĻžāĻļā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
34:58
And sometimes, they’re two separate words, like ‘ice cream’.
484
2098849
4861
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ 'āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ'āĨ¤
35:03
Now, you have to be careful.
485
2103710
2490
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
35:06
Sometimes, you have a simple adjective plus a noun like ‘a green house’.
486
2106200
7260
āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻœ āĻ˜āĻ°' āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
35:13
But you also have a compound noun which is a different meaning.
487
2113460
4020
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ.
35:17
‘A greenhouse’.
488
2117480
1220
'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻšāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸'āĨ¤
35:18
Now, ‘a green house’, is a house which is green.
489
2118700
6290
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻœ āĻ˜āĻ°', āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻœāĨ¤
35:24
But the compound noun, ‘a greenhouse’, is a place where you grow plants.
490
2124990
6379
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻšāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
35:31
Completely different meaning.
491
2131369
1681
āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĨ¤
35:33
Ok, so you have to be careful.
492
2133050
3210
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
35:36
Stresses can help.
493
2136260
2460
āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡.
35:38
Usually the stress is on the first syllable in compound nouns.
494
2138720
4500
āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤
35:43
Ok, I hope you get it guys.
495
2143220
3200
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡.
35:46
Let’s take a closer look now at compound nouns.
496
2146420
3290
āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ˜āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
35:49
Ok, let’s now take a look at the parts of speech that make up a compound noun.
497
2149710
7340
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
35:57
We can have a noun and another noun.
498
2157050
4220
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
36:01
Like, ‘bedroom’.
499
2161270
1740
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻŦā§‡āĻĄāĻ°ā§āĻŽ'āĨ¤
36:03
We can also have a noun and a verb.
500
2163010
3870
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
36:06
Like, ‘haircut’.
501
2166880
1810
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻšā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻž'āĨ¤
36:08
A noun and a preposition.
502
2168690
2310
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
36:11
Like, ‘passer-by’.
503
2171000
2069
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•'āĨ¤
36:13
A verb and a noun.
504
2173069
3711
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
36:16
Like, ‘washing machine’.
505
2176780
2480
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨'āĨ¤
36:19
A verb and a preposition.
506
2179260
3059
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
36:22
Like, ‘drawback’.
507
2182319
2490
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ'āĨ¤
36:24
A preposition and a noun.
508
2184809
2261
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
36:27
Like, ‘underground’.
509
2187070
1650
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ'āĨ¤
36:28
An adjective and a ver.
510
2188720
2920
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ ver.
36:31
Like, ‘dry-cleaning’.
511
2191640
1899
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‚'āĨ¤
36:33
An adjective and a noun.
512
2193539
3111
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
36:36
Like, ‘software’.
513
2196650
2680
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ¸āĻĢāĻŸāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
36:39
Or a preposition and a verb.
514
2199330
3249
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
36:42
Like, ‘input’.
515
2202579
2821
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻŸ'āĨ¤
36:45
As you can see guys, there are so many ways to create compound nouns with different words.
516
2205400
6320
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
36:51
Now let’s get back to our example for pronunciation.
517
2211720
4120
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
36:55
Please repeat after me.
518
2215840
2800
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
36:58
Bedroom Bedroom
519
2218640
3520
āĻļāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻ•āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻŦā§‡āĻĄāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ°
37:02
Haircut Haircut
520
2222160
7369
āĻšā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻšā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻž
37:09
Passer-by Passer-by
521
2229529
7371
āĻĒāĻĨāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§€-āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡-āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°-āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡
37:16
Washing machine Washing machine
522
2236900
7480
āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨
37:24
Drawback Drawback
523
2244380
6939
āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•
37:31
Underground Underground
524
2251319
6800
āĻ­ā§‚āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ­ā§‚āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ
37:38
Dry-cleaning Dry-cleaning
525
2258119
7831
āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‚
37:45
Software Software
526
2265950
7020
āĻ¸āĻĢāĻŸāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻĢāĻŸāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°
37:52
Input Input
527
2272970
6819
āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻŸ
37:59
Good job guys.
528
2279789
1000
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
38:00
Now let’s now move on to plural compound nouns.
529
2280789
4851
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
38:05
So when we want to make compound nouns plural, there are rules to follow.
530
2285640
6750
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
38:12
If you have a single word, you simply add an ‘s’.
531
2292390
5290
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
38:17
But if you have separate words, whether hyphenated or not, you will make the most significant
532
2297680
7119
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻĢā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
38:24
word plural.
533
2304799
1661
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
38:26
Let’s take a look at examples.
534
2306460
4109
āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
38:30
‘Newspaper’ will simply be ‘newspapers’.
535
2310569
5101
'āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°' āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 'āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°' āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
38:35
So I have man newspapers.
536
2315670
4179
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
38:39
Swimming pool.
537
2319849
1000
āĻ¸ā§āĻ‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
38:40
Now, what’s the most significant word?
538
2320849
3490
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
38:44
Well, it is ‘pool’.
539
2324339
3221
āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻĒā§āĻ˛'āĨ¤
38:47
So we will say, ‘there are two swimming pools’.
540
2327560
4130
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦ, 'āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
38:51
You cannot say, ‘there are two swimmings pools.’
541
2331690
4740
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, 'āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
38:56
No ‘s’ at swimming.
542
2336430
3870
āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
39:00
Brother-in-law What’s the most significant word?
543
2340300
3110
āĻļā§āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ°-āĻļāĻžāĻļā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
39:03
Well of course, it is ‘brother’.
544
2343410
3540
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡'āĨ¤
39:06
So you will say, “I have two brothers-in-law”.
545
2346950
3159
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, “āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡â€āĨ¤
39:10
And finally, ‘woman doctor’.
546
2350109
4000
āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
39:14
Now, what’s the most significant word?
547
2354109
4461
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
39:18
Actually, both words are significant.
548
2358570
5320
āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
39:23
So we will both make them plural.
549
2363890
2969
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
39:26
Remember, the plural form of ‘woman’ is ‘women’.
550
2366859
4841
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€' āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€'āĨ¤
39:31
So we will say, “Four women doctors work at the hospital”.
551
2371700
6300
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦ, “āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨â€āĨ¤
39:38
Let’s work on pronunciation.
552
2378000
4079
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
39:42
Can you repeat after me, please.
553
2382079
2530
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡.
39:44
I have man newspapers.
554
2384609
5720
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
39:50
I have man newspapers.
555
2390329
7621
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
39:57
There are two swimming pools.
556
2397950
5380
āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
40:03
There are two swimming pools.
557
2403330
5699
āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
40:09
I have two brothers-in-law.
558
2409029
4871
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
40:13
I have two brothers-in-law.
559
2413900
4780
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
40:18
And finally, Four women doctors work at the hospital.
560
2418680
7780
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
40:26
Four women doctors work at the hospital.
561
2426460
7000
āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
40:33
Good job guys.
562
2433460
1290
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
40:34
Now let’s move on to practice.
563
2434750
4020
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
40:38
To practice, I have a few sentences.
564
2438770
2900
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
40:41
And I want you to tell me if we are using compound nouns or not.
565
2441670
5050
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
40:46
Let’s take a look.
566
2446720
3200
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
40:49
I want to drink some cold water.
567
2449920
3110
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻœāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡.
40:53
Is ‘cold water’ a compound noun?
568
2453030
4490
'āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻœāĻ˛' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯?
40:57
What do you think?
569
2457520
2500
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
41:00
It isn’t.
570
2460020
1000
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻž.
41:01
‘Cold’ is a simply adjective describing the water.
571
2461020
5839
'āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¯āĻž āĻœāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
41:06
She has a new boy friend.
572
2466859
3720
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
41:10
Is boy friend a compound noun?
573
2470579
2941
āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯?
41:13
Well, it isn’t in this case.
574
2473520
3160
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ.
41:16
He’s your friend and he’s a boy.
575
2476680
3010
āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
41:19
But the compound noun, ‘boyfriend’, in one word, exists and has a different meaning.
576
2479690
6270
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, 'āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻĢā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ', āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
41:25
Then, your boyfriend is more than a friend.
577
2485960
2950
āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
41:28
He’s the boy you’re having a relationship with.
578
2488910
4859
āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
41:33
Other example.
579
2493769
1901
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
41:35
The blue bird was singing in the tree.
580
2495670
3800
āĻ—āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
41:39
Is ‘blue bird’ a compound noun?
581
2499470
2750
'āĻ¨ā§€āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯?
41:42
Not in this case.
582
2502220
2160
āĻ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
41:44
It’s a simple bird and it’s blue.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ˛āĨ¤
41:47
But, the compound noun, ‘bluebird’, in one word, exists.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, 'āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ', āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
41:52
It’s a specific bird.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
41:54
Let’s meet at the bus stop.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻĒā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
41:58
Is ‘bus stop’ a compound noun?
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻĒ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯?
42:03
What do you think?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
42:05
It is.
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āĻāĻ‡āĻŸāĻž.
42:08
I have two alarms clock.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
42:11
What about ‘alarms clock’?
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'āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ' āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€?
42:13
Well, it is a compound noun, but there is a big mistake.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
42:19
Can you see it?
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“?
42:21
Of course, the plural form.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡, āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĨ¤
42:23
The plural form is not ‘alarms clock’.
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ' āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
42:26
But, ‘alarm clocks’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, 'āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
42:29
Because the most significant word is ‘clock’.
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āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
42:32
Ok guys, let’s move on.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
42:36
Thank you for watching.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
42:38
I hope you better understand compound nouns and how to create them.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
42:43
There are so many compound nouns in the English language, but they are usually very easy to
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ
42:49
understand.
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āĨ¤
42:50
And if you’re not sure, look it up in a dictionary.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
42:53
The dictionary will tell you if it’s a compound noun or not.
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āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
42:58
Thank you for watching guys.
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āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
43:00
And see you in the next videos.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
43:03
Thank you for watching my video guys.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
43:06
If you’ve liked it, please show me your support.
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨.
43:10
Click, ‘like’, subscribe to our channel, put your comments below, and share the video.
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āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, 'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨', āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
43:17
See you.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
43:20
Hello, guys.
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
43:24
Welcome back to this English course on nouns.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
43:29
In this video, I’m going to tell you about countable and uncountable nouns.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
43:34
It’s very important to know the difference between countable and uncountable nouns in
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
43:40
English.
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āĨ¤
43:42
And students often get confused.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
43:44
So please listen to me very carefully.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
43:48
Let’s get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
43:52
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
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āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
43:58
Uncountable nouns are nouns that you can’t count.
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āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
44:01
They’re usually a type or a group.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒ.
44:04
And they’re always singular.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ.
44:06
Let’s look at a few examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
44:10
Countable nouns – you can say, “a dog.”
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āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ - āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĨ¤"
44:13
You can say, “one dog,” “two dogs,” “three dogs,” and so on.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°", "āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°", "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°" āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
44:19
“Man.”
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"āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ."
44:20
You can say, “a man.”
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĨ¤"
44:22
“Two men.”
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"āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ."
44:24
“Idea.”
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"āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž."
44:25
You can say, “one idea,” “two ideas,” and so on.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž", "āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž" āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĨ¤
44:28
“Computer.”
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"āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
44:29
Again, you can say, “one computer, two computers.”
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2669690
3889
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ°, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
44:33
And, “house.”
633
2673579
1811
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, "āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤"
44:35
Well, you can say, “one house, two houses, three houses,” and so on.
634
2675390
6560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻ°" āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
44:41
These are countable nouns.
635
2681950
1589
āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
44:43
You can count them.
636
2683539
2251
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
44:45
But if we look at uncountable nouns.
637
2685790
2640
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
44:48
When you say, “water.”
638
2688430
2950
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻœāĻ˛āĨ¤"
44:51
You can’t say, “One water, two waters.”
639
2691380
3399
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, "āĻāĻ• āĻœāĻ˛, āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœāĻ˛āĨ¤"
44:54
It doesn’t make any sense.
640
2694779
2320
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž.
44:57
You cannot count water.
641
2697099
3220
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻ˛ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
45:00
Same goes for air.
642
2700319
1550
āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
45:01
You can’t say, “one air, two airs.”
643
2701869
2761
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, "āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸, āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸āĨ¤"
45:04
It’s just ‘air’.
644
2704630
2419
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸'āĨ¤
45:07
It’s uncountable.
645
2707049
2490
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤.
45:09
‘traffic’ ‘English’
646
2709539
2480
'āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•' 'āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ'
45:12
‘Equipment’ These are all uncountable nouns.
647
2712019
3550
'āĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ' āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
45:15
You cannot count them And they’re always singular.
648
2715569
3841
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
45:19
Okay, guys.
649
2719410
1820
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
45:21
Now, let’s take a closer look at rules with countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
650
2721230
7220
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻš āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ˜āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
45:28
So how do we know if a word is countable or uncountable?
651
2728450
5869
āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤?
45:34
Well there are a few tricks that can help.
652
2734319
2760
āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
45:37
Let’s look at these words.
653
2737079
3270
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
45:40
Some groups of words are very often uncountable.
654
2740349
4641
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
45:44
And this can help you.
655
2744990
1809
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
45:46
For example, liquids.
656
2746799
3000
āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛āĨ¤
45:49
Water, juice, milk, beer.
657
2749799
4010
āĻœāĻ˛, āĻ°āĻ¸, āĻĻā§āĻ§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
45:53
All those words are uncountable.
658
2753809
3471
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤.
45:57
Powders.
659
2757280
1329
āĻ—ā§āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§‹.
45:58
Sugar, flour, salt, rice.
660
2758609
5351
āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻĻāĻž, āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖ, āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤
46:03
Uncountable words as well.
661
2763960
1809
āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
46:05
Materials.
662
2765769
1401
āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
46:07
Such as wood, plastic, metal, or paper.
663
2767170
6220
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ , āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•, āĻ§āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœāĨ¤
46:13
Food as well.
664
2773390
1360
āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
46:14
Like fruit, meat, cheese, and bread.
665
2774750
5529
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ˛, āĻŽāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸, āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
46:20
And finally, abstract ideas.
666
2780279
2971
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž.
46:23
Like time, information, love, and beauty.
667
2783250
7089
āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯, āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§ŒāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
46:30
Another trick is that most of the time, you can measure uncountable nouns.
668
2790339
6841
āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
46:37
Let’s look at examples.
669
2797180
2360
āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
46:39
For example, if we take liquids.
670
2799540
3150
āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
46:42
I have two liters of milk.
671
2802690
3560
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
46:46
Now, you cannot count milk.
672
2806250
2769
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
46:49
But you can measure milk.
673
2809019
2691
āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
46:51
And you can count liters.
674
2811710
2580
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
46:54
So you can say, “I have two liters of milk.”
675
2814290
3930
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
46:58
You can say, “I have a glass of water.”
676
2818220
3440
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻœāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
47:01
Or “I have glasses of water.”
677
2821660
3260
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
47:04
“Cups of coffee.”
678
2824920
3370
"āĻ•āĻĢāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĨ¤"
47:08
“Bottles of water.”
679
2828290
2170
"āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¤āĻ˛."
47:10
So you can measure this uncountable noun.
680
2830460
4879
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
47:15
Same goes with powders.
681
2835339
2010
āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ‰āĻĄāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ.
47:17
“I have one kilogram of sugar.”
682
2837349
3481
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻ•ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
47:20
“Two kilograms of sugar.”
683
2840830
4039
"āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤"
47:24
With materials and foods, we often use the word, ‘piece’.
684
2844869
5411
āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻļāĻ‡ 'āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
47:30
For example, “I ate two pieces of cake.”
685
2850280
4400
āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
47:34
Or bread.
686
2854680
1470
āĻŦāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
47:36
Or pizza.
687
2856150
1330
āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĨ¤
47:37
Or meat.
688
2857480
1329
āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸āĨ¤
47:38
Or cheese.
689
2858809
1331
āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĨ¤
47:40
“I need pieces of paper.”
690
2860140
3520
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
47:43
Wood.
691
2863660
1090
āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĨ¤
47:44
Plastic.
692
2864750
1089
āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
47:45
Metal.
693
2865839
1091
āĻ§āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĨ¤
47:46
Or “I have some water.”
694
2866930
4169
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻœāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
47:51
‘Some’ is an article that always works with uncountable nouns.
695
2871099
5881
'āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
47:56
Ok guys, I hope you understand.
696
2876980
3089
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
48:00
Let’s move on.
697
2880069
1881
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
48:01
Some words can be both countable and uncountable nouns.
698
2881950
5409
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
48:07
Now not all of them.
699
2887359
1980
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻž.
48:09
But some of them.
700
2889339
1341
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĨ¤
48:10
Let’s take a look.
701
2890680
1689
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
48:12
“I would like to eat some cake.”
702
2892369
3881
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤"
48:16
“I would like two pieces of cake.”
703
2896250
4390
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤"
48:20
So in these two sentences, ‘cake’ is obviously and uncountable noun.
704
2900640
5119
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, 'āĻ•ā§‡āĻ•' āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
48:25
But if I say, “I would like to eat two cakes.”
705
2905759
4990
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤"
48:30
Suddenly, it becomes a countable noun.
706
2910749
3991
āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ“āĻ ā§‡āĨ¤
48:34
Why?
707
2914740
1300
āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨?
48:36
Because in the first two sentences, we are talking about pieces of one cake.
708
2916040
7370
āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
48:43
In the last sentence, we are considering the whole cake.
709
2923410
5910
āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
48:49
So it becomes countable.
710
2929320
3989
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ“āĻ ā§‡āĨ¤
48:53
Another example.
711
2933309
1071
āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ.
48:54
“I would like to eat some chicken.”
712
2934380
3050
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤"
48:57
“I would like to eat a piece of chicken.”
713
2937430
3490
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻŋāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤"
49:00
Both sentences, uncountable noun, ‘chicken’.
714
2940920
4880
āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯, āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, 'āĻšāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨'āĨ¤
49:05
But the last sentence, “I see two chickens.”
715
2945800
4440
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
49:10
Hmm, ‘chicken’, in this case, is a countable noun.
716
2950240
4660
āĻšā§āĻŽ, 'āĻšāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨', āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
49:14
Why?
717
2954900
1000
āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨?
49:15
Because in the first two sentences, ‘chicken’ is food.
718
2955900
6210
āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻŋ' āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
49:22
But in the last sentence, ‘chicken’ is an animal.
719
2962110
4459
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
49:26
So the animal is a countable noun.
720
2966569
2940
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻļā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
49:29
‘Chicken’ as food is uncountable.
721
2969509
3810
āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ 'āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻŋ' āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
49:33
Hope you get it.
722
2973319
1000
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
49:34
Let’s move on to example sentences now.
723
2974319
2970
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
49:37
Let’s now review a few example sentences, so you can practice using countable and uncountable
724
2977289
6911
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤
49:44
nouns.
725
2984200
1440
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
49:45
Please repeat after me.
726
2985640
1310
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
49:46
And be careful to use proper pronunciation.
727
2986950
2639
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
49:49
Let’s get started.
728
2989589
2461
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
49:52
First sentence guys.
729
2992050
2539
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
49:54
“I put one hundred candles on six cakes.”
730
2994589
6020
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻļāĻ¤ āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:00
Please repeat after me.
731
3000609
1670
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
50:02
“I put one hundred candles on six cakes.”
732
3002279
5061
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻļāĻ¤ āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:07
“I put one hundred candles on six cakes.”
733
3007340
12630
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻļāĻ¤ āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:19
Good job.
734
3019970
1000
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›.
50:20
Second example.
735
3020970
1430
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
50:22
“I ate two pieces of cake.”
736
3022400
3010
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:25
Please repeat after me.
737
3025410
2730
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
50:28
“I ate two pieces of cake.”
738
3028140
3800
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:31
“I ate two pieces of cake.”
739
3031940
11000
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ• āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:42
Next sentence.
740
3042940
1000
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
50:43
“I saw some trash on all the streets.”
741
3043940
3909
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:47
Please repeat after me.
742
3047849
3951
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
50:51
“I saw some trash on all the streets.”
743
3051800
3440
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
50:55
“I saw some trash on all the streets.”
744
3055240
11869
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
51:07
Very good.
745
3067109
1220
āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹.
51:08
Next one.
746
3068329
1000
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
51:09
“I need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.”
747
3069329
5480
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤"
51:14
Please repeat after me.
748
3074809
2191
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
51:17
“I need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.”
749
3077000
6210
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤"
51:23
“I need to buy some milk and some butter from the market.”
750
3083210
9899
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤"
51:33
And finally.
751
3093109
4641
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡.
51:37
“Traffic and pollution are problems in many cities.”
752
3097750
5980
"āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĨ¤"
51:43
Repeat after me.
753
3103730
1819
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
51:45
“Traffic and pollution are problems in many cities.”
754
3105549
5020
"āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĨ¤"
51:50
“Traffic and pollution are problems in many cities.”
755
3110569
16230
"āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĨ¤"
52:06
Good job guys.
756
3126799
1421
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
52:08
I hope you repeated after me and worked on your pronunciation.
757
3128220
4990
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
52:13
Thank you for watching this video.
758
3133210
1859
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
52:15
I hope you now have a better understanding of countable and uncountable nouns.
759
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5351
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
52:20
I know it’s hard, but don’t worry, keep practicing.
760
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5040
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
52:25
Practice makes perfect.
761
3145460
1799
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ.
52:27
Thank you for watching my video and please watch the rest of the videos.
762
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8401
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
52:35
Thank you guys for watching my video.
763
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1609
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
52:37
If you liked it, please show me your support by clicking ‘like’, by subscribing to
764
3157269
5121
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•' āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ
52:42
the channel, by putting your comments below and sharing this video.
765
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4169
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨
52:46
Thank you very much and see you.
766
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4970
āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡.
52:51
And do it.
767
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2040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
52:53
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
768
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9271
āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
53:02
Ok, so for example, if you say ‘a dog’, you can say, “a dog, one dog, two dogs,
769
3182840
16159
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°' āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°,
53:18
three dogs.”
770
3198999
2381
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĨ¤"
53:21
You can count them.
771
3201380
2400
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
53:23
Uncountable nounsâ€Ļ
772
3203780
2120
āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯...
53:25
Stop, you gotta slow down.
773
3205900
3439
āĻĨāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§ā§€āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
53:29
Ahh, sorry.
774
3209339
1601
āĻ†āĻš, āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
53:30
Why am I going so fast?
775
3210940
4770
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨?
53:35
Slow down.
776
3215710
1589
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§‡.
53:37
Take your time.
777
3217299
2391
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨.
53:39
Make it a good video.
778
3219690
3980
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
53:43
Okay.
779
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1000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
53:44
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
780
3224670
4490
āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ YouTube āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ā§ˇ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7