Active and Passive Voice in Different English Tenses with Examples | Learn English Grammar

52,253 views ใƒป 2022-05-04

Shaw English Online


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello, everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
00:01
This is Mike from Shaw English.
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Shaw Englishใฎใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
Today, we're going to learn about active and passive voice in English with different tenses.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:08
Now, I know many of you know how to use the active voice but switching it to the passive
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎๆ–นใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใจ
00:14
voice can be somewhat confusing.
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ใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:17
And then now, we're going to use different tenses as well.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
Past tense, present tense and future tense.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Oh my gosh.
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ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
00:26
What are we gonna do?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
00:28
No worries.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใชใ„ใ€‚
00:30
You are going to be masters of this very soon.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใใซใ“ใ‚Œใฎ้”ไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:33
So make sure you stay until the end of the video
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00:35
because we're going to do a lot of practice and you're going to have a quiz and homework.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚„ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:40
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
Let's get to it.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:46
So let's review changing from active voice to passive voice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใธใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
00:52
So here, โ€œThe child is opening the door.โ€
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŒใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
00:56
We learned, from before, that active voices, they follow the subject verb object pattern.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ ใฏไธป่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉž็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:04
Here our subject, or the doer, is โ€˜the childโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใฏใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:09
But what is the child doing?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎๅญใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
01:11
โ€œThe child is opening ...โ€
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™...ใ€
01:15
Here we have โ€˜ingโ€™ attached to our verb, โ€˜openโ€™, which makes โ€˜openingโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ้–‹ใใ€ใซใ€Œingใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้–‹ใใ€ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
This is present continuous which means that the child is opening the door right now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŒไปŠใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
At this moment.
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ใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใ€‚
01:29
And of course the receiver is โ€˜the doorโ€™.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅ—ใ‘ๆ‰‹ใฏใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:34
Now, when we're switching over to passive voice, we learned from before, that our doer
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใจๅ—ไฟก่€…ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸ
01:39
and our receiver swap places.
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ใ€‚
01:43
So like in our sentence here, our doer and receiver are now in two different spots.
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ใ“ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใจ ๅ—ไฟก่€…ใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
So โ€˜the doorโ€™ is now in the beginning of the sentence.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œthe doorใ€ใŒ ๆ–‡้ ญใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
And โ€˜the childโ€™ is at the end.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ€ใ€‚
01:56
โ€œThe door is being opened by the child.โ€
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใฏๅญไพ›ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ้–‹ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:00
โ€˜The doorโ€™, still our receiver, is being opened.
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ไปŠใงใ‚‚็งใŸใกใฎๅ—ไฟกๆฉŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ€ใŒ้–‹ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
hmm, so now our verb has changed a little bit.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:08
Our action has changed.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:11
So we still have โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใพใ ใ€Œisใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
And we have โ€˜beingโ€™, so we have our โ€œto beโ€ verb
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅญ˜ๅœจใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œto beใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž
02:16
but we must continue our present continuous and bring down the โ€˜ingโ€™.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€Œingใ€ใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:21
So, โ€œโ€ฆ is beingโ€ฆโ€ and we have our past participle โ€˜openedโ€™.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œโ€ฆ is beingโ€ฆใ€ใงใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒใ€Œopenใ€ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
โ€œโ€ฆ is being opened by the child.โ€
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ใ€Œโ€ฆโ€ฆๅญไพ›ใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚‹ใ€
02:30
And here we have our preposition with the doer.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
And sometimes the doer is left out of sentences.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใŒๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰้™คๅค–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
And that's okay as long as we know that the door is being opened.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‹ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:45
Now, let's practice and learn about some more tenses.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:49
All right, everyone.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
02:50
Let's practice going from active voice to passive voice using different tenses.
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ใ—ใฆใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:55
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:58
Let's go ahead and practice some of these tenses together starting with the present simple.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:03
โ€œThe teacher helps the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
03:06
So we know that this is an active voice.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:09
And now we're going to change it into passive voice.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:13
โ€œThe student is helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
03:17
And โ€˜isโ€™ is our โ€œto beโ€ verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใฏใ€Œto beใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
And the past participle would be โ€˜helpedโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:22
Let's look at present continuous.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:25
โ€œThe teacher is helping the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
03:27
Oh there's that โ€˜ingโ€™ again.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใใฎใ€Œingใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
And we'll switch that over to, โ€œThe student is being โ€ฆโ€
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€ŒThe Student is being ...ใ€ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
ah and there's the present continuous back with us and our โ€œto beโ€ verb.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใŒ็งใŸใกใจ ใ€Œto beใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
โ€˜helpedโ€™ there is our past participle.
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ใ€Œhelpedใ€ใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
โ€œโ€ฆ by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œโ€ฆโ€ฆๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
03:44
Present perfect.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚
03:46
โ€œThe teacher has helped the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:48
โ€œThe student has been helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:53
Past simple.
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้ŽๅŽปใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ€‚
03:54
โ€œThe teacher helped the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:56
โ€œThe student was helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:00
Past continuous.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€ฃ็ถšใ€‚
04:01
โ€œThe teacher was helping the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:04
โ€œThe student was being helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:08
Okay, so past perfect.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:10
โ€œThe teacher had helped the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:13
โ€œThe student had been helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:17
Future simple.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชๆœชๆฅใ€‚
04:19
โ€œThe teacher will help the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:21
โ€œThe student will be helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
04:24
Future continuous.
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ๆœชๆฅ้€ฃ็ถšใ€‚
04:26
โ€œThe teacher will be helping the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:28
โ€œThe student will be being helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:32
And everyone just remember that this tense is normally not used with the passive voice.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:39
Future perfect.
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1409
ๆœชๆฅๅฎŒ็’งใ€‚
04:40
โ€œThe teacher will have helped the student.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
04:42
โ€œThe student will have been helped by the teacher.โ€
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ใ€Œใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€
04:47
So, everyone, how do you feel?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ็š†ๆง˜ใ€ใ„ใ‹ใŒใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:49
Feel more confident?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
04:50
Awesome.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
04:51
Hopefully, you have a much larger understanding of how to change active voice to passive voice
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ใ—ใฆ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™
04:57
using different tenses.
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ใ€‚
04:58
Now, you're not done yet because you have homework.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:02
I want you to change this sentence into the passive voice and put it in the comments.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
05:07
Also, wait, don't go anywhere.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:09
You have a quiz.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
Okay the link for the quiz is in the description below.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:16
If you enjoyed this video, please make sure you like as well as subscribe to see more
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ— ใ€่ณผ่ชญใ—
05:19
videos taught by me.
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ใฆใ€็งใŒๆ•™ใˆใŸไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:21
And until the next video, I'll see you all later.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใพใงใ€ใพใŸๅพŒใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:24
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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