English Vocabulary Essentials with Perfect Pronunciation | Learn English with Rachel's English 7/11

必用英語單字跟發音 | 與Rachel's English學英語

If you want to speak natural, clear English,

If you want to speak natural, clear English, 如果你想說出一口自然又清楚的英語，

the 100 most common words in American English is a good place to start.

the 100 most common words in American English is a good place to start. 美式英語裡的100個最常用的單字是個好開始。

This video is part of a series where we’re studying the real pronunciation of these words.

This video is part of a series where we’re studying the real pronunciation of these words. 這支影片是我們學習這些單字的真正發音的系列，當中的一部分。

This is likely different from what you learned in English class.

This is likely different from what you learned in English class. 這大概會跟你在英語課裡學到的不同。

You see, in American English, we have all sorts of words that are unstressed or even reduced.

You see, in American English, we have all sorts of words that are unstressed or even reduced. 就你所知，在美式英語中，我們有許多種類的，被輕讀，甚至弱讀的單字。

That means we change the pronunciation.

That means we change the pronunciation. 那意思就是，我們改變發音。

This set of the 100 most common words in American English contains many, many words that reduce.

This set of the 100 most common words in American English contains many, many words that reduce. 這組在英式英語裡100個最常用的單字包括了很多，很多弱讀的單字

If you haven’t already seen video 1, and other videos in this series,

If you haven’t already seen video 1, and other videos in this series, 如果你還沒看過這系列的第一支影片，跟其他影片的話，

I do suggest you start there.

I do suggest you start there. 我強烈建議你從那幾部影片開始看。

These videos build one on top of the next, so click here to watch video one.

These videos build one on top of the next, so click here to watch video one. 這些影片都是循序漸進的，所以點這裡看第一部影片。

This is video seven, we’re studying words 61-70.

This is video seven, we’re studying words 61-70. 這是第七支影片，我們來學習第61至70個單字

Number 61 is the word ‘people’.

Number 61 is the word ‘people’. 第61個是單字「people」

This is the first time we’re starting one of these videos

This is the first time we’re starting one of these videos 這是第一次我們從一個不是弱化的單字

with a word that is NOT an example of a word that will be unstressed.

with a word that is NOT an example of a word that will be unstressed. 例子，作為這系列影片其中一支的開始。

This word is a noun, a content word, and generally, it will be stressed.

This word is a noun, a content word, and generally, it will be stressed. 這個單字是一個名詞，一個實詞，而正常來說，它會重讀的。

Now, this is a tricky word.

Now, this is a tricky word. 問題來了，這是個難搞的單字。

And I don’t have too many videos where I go over the specific pronunciation of a single word,

And I don’t have too many videos where I go over the specific pronunciation of a single word, 然後我並沒有很多影片，用來講解一個單字的具體發音。

but I do happen to have one where I talk about this word,

but I do happen to have one where I talk about this word, 可是我就剛好有一支，有講過這個單字的。

so I’ll put in a clip here that will go through the pronunciation, step-by-step.

so I’ll put in a clip here that will go through the pronunciation, step-by-step. 所以我會在這裡放一支片段，一步一步地講解這單字的發音。

It’s a two-syllable word with stress on the first syllable.

It’s a two-syllable word with stress on the first syllable. 這是一個雙音節的單字，重音放在第一個音節.

Da-da. People.

Da-da. People.

It begins with the P consonant sound, lips are together for that, pp-.

It begins with the P consonant sound, lips are together for that, pp-. 開首是一個「P」子音，雙唇合上，pp- [p]

Then we open into the EE as in SHE vowel, pe-, pe-.

Then we open into the EE as in SHE vowel, pe-, pe- 然後我們張開(雙唇)以發出就如「SHE」[ si ] 裡的「EE」音 [ i ]。Pe~Pe~

So the tongue tip is down here, but the front part of the tongue is stretching up towards the roof of the mouth

So the tongue tip is down here, but the front part of the tongue is stretching up towards the roof of the mouth 舌尖往下，可是舌頭的前部分往上地向嘴巴的頂端伸展過去。

, pe-, pe-.

Pe~Pe~ [ pi ]

Now we have the P, schwa, L sound.

Now we have the P, schwa, L sound. 現在我們來唸P，混母音 [ ə ] 跟L音。

This is unstressed, so it's going to be low in pitch and very fast,

This is unstressed, so it's going to be low in pitch and very fast. 這裡是輕讀的，所以它會唸起來音調很低很快。

-ple, -ple, -ple.

-ple,-ple-,-ple. [ pəl ]

People.

People. [ ˈpipəl ]

So the lips will come together again for the P.

So the lips will come together again for the P. 就是說雙唇在唸P時合上。

People. -ple.

People. -ple. [ ˈpipəl ] [ pəl ]

Then we go into the schwa/Dark L sound.

Then we go into the schwa/Dark L sound. 然後我們唸混母音[ ə ] ，含糊邊L音。

Don't worry about making a separate schwa sound, just go straight into the Dark sound of the Dark L.

Don't worry about making a separate schwa sound, just go straight into the Dark sound of the Dark L. 不用額外地多唸出個混母音來，直接唸含糊邊L音的混音就可以了。

So, to make that sound, your tongue will pull back,

So, to make that sound, your tongue will pull back, 那為了發出那聲音，你的舌頭會往後面拉扯。

so the back part of the tongue here is shifting towards the throat a bit,

so the back part of the tongue here is shifting towards the throat a bit, 然後舌頭這裡的後部分會往喉嚨移動一點點。

people, ull, ull.

people, ull, ull. [ ˈpipəl ] [ pəl ]

And that's how we get that dark sound.

And that's how we get that dark sound. 這就是我們發那糊音的方法了。

Now, it should be very short because it's unstressed, people, people.

Now, it should be very short because it's unstressed, people, people. 現在，整個音節應該是非常地短的，因為它是輕讀的。People. People.

The second half of the Dark L involves bringing the tongue tip to the roof of the mouth.

The second half of the Dark L involves bringing the tongue tip to the roof of the mouth. 含糊邊L音的第二部分會把舌尖抬到嘴巴的頂端。

People.

People.

But you can actually leave that out.

But you can actually leave that out. 可是你其實可以無視那部分。

A lot of people will just make, people, ull, the Dark sound to signify the Dark L

A lot of people will just make, people, ull, the Dark sound to signify the Dark L 很多人都只會發people, ull, 糊音來去突顯含糊邊音L。

and not necessarily bring the tongue tip up.

and not necessarily bring the tongue tip up. 也不一定會把舌尖往上抬的。

People, people.

People, people.

Let’s do a couple of example sentences with people.

Let’s do a couple of example sentences with people. 一起來唸幾句people的例句。

I’m a people person.

I’m a people person. [aɪm ə ˈpipəl ˈpɜrsən.] 我是個很會社交的人。

People, people.

People, people.

Up-down shape of stress, longer, more clear than the unstressed words:

Up-down shape of stress, longer, more clear than the unstressed words: 從上往下型的重音，比輕讀的單字更長，更清楚。

I’m a-- I’m a-- I’m a people person.

I’m a-- I’m a-- I’m a people person. [aɪm ə ˈpipəl ˈpɜrsən.]

What does ‘people person’ mean?

What does ‘people person’ mean? 「people person」是什麼意思呢？

It means that I’m very social.

It means that I’m very social. 意思是我很會社交的。

I like interacting with a lot of people, I’m very outgoing, I’m an extrovert.

I like interacting with a lot of people, I’m very outgoing, I’m an extrovert. 我喜歡跟很多人互動。我很開朗外向的。

I have room for three more people in my car.

I have room for three more people in my car. [aɪ həv rum fər θri mɔr ˈpipəl ɪn maɪ kɑr.] 我的車可以多擠3個人。

People, people.

People, people.

Stressed.

Stressed. 重讀。

Number 62.

Number 62 第62個

Is it as clear as ‘people’?

Is it as clear as ‘people’? 這個單字有沒有跟「people」(唸起來)一樣的清楚？

No.

No. 沒有。

It’s the word ‘into’.

It’s the word ‘into’. 是單字「into」

‘Into’ is a preposition.

‘Into’ is a preposition. 「into」是介系詞。

And prepositions are function words, which means they’ll generally be unstressed i n a sentence.

And prepositions are function words, which means they’ll generally be unstressed in a sentence. 介系詞是虛詞，就是它們通常說在一句句子裡被輕讀的。

Let me show you what I mean.

Let me show you what I mean. 讓我給你看看這是什麼意思。

I ran into my teacher at the movies.

I ran into my teacher at the movies. [aɪ ræn ˈɪndə maɪ ˈtiʧər ət ðə ˈmuviz.] 我去看電影時踫到我的老師了。

I ran into my teacher at the movies.

I ran into my teacher at the movies. [aɪ ræn ˈɪndə maɪ ˈtiʧər ət ðə ˈmuviz.] 我去看電影時踫到我的老師了。

Ran, teach-, mov-.

Ran, teach-, mov-.

These are the stressed syllables.

These are the stressed syllables. 這些都是重音的音節。

All the others, including the word ‘into’, unstressed.

All the others, including the word ‘into’, unstressed. 而所以其他的，包括單字「into」，是輕讀的。

Less clear, low in pitch, flatter, given less time.

Less clear, low in pitch, flatter, given less time. 沒那麼清楚，音調低低的，更平的，沒花那麼多時間去唸。

Into.

into. [ˈɪndə]

If it was clear and fully pronounced, it would have that up-down shape of stress, into, and a True T.

If it was clear and fully pronounced, it would have that up-down shape of stress, into, and a True T. 如果它是清楚的，而且完全唸出來的話，它會有那從上往下型的重讀。「into」。然後就是一個平常的T。

The final vowel would be the OO as in BOO vowel.

The final vowel would be the OO as in BOO vowel. 最後的母音會是Boo [ bu ] 裡的 OO 音 [ u ]。

Into.

Into. [ˈɪntu]

But that’s not how I pronounced it.

But that’s not how I pronounced it. 可是我並不是這樣子唸的。

I ran into my teacher.

I ran into my teacher. [aɪ ræn ˈɪndə maɪ ˈtiʧər] 我踫到我的老師了。

Into. Into. Into.

Into. Into. Into. [ˈɪndə]

A couple things are different.

A couple things are different. 有好幾樣東西不同了。

First of all, it’s not stressed so it’s flat in pitch, low in pitch.

First of all, it’s not stressed so it’s flat in pitch, low in pitch. 第一個就是，它並不是重讀的，所以它音調平平的，低低的。

Second, two sounds have changed.

Second, two sounds have changed. 第二個就是，有兩個音改變了

The T sounds more like a D, and the final vowel is the schwa.

The T sounds more like a D, and the final vowel is the schwa. T音聽起來更像一個D，最後的母音是個混母音 [ə]。

Into. into. Into. into.

Into. into. Into. into. [ˈɪndə]

So instead of ‘into’, it’s: into, into.

So instead of ‘into’, it’s: into, into. 所以不是「into」[ˈɪntu]，而是「into，into」[ˈɪndə]。

This T is not following the rules of T pronunciations.

This T is not following the rules of T pronunciations. 這個T沒有按照著T發音的規律來唸。

The rules are, after an N, we can drop a T completely, but if not, it’s a True T.

The rules are, after an N, we can drop a T completely, but if not, it’s a True T. 規律就是我們可以把在一個N後面的T完全丟掉。不然的話，就是個平常的T。

But many Americans will say ‘into’ more of a D or Flap T sound connected to the N.

But many Americans will say ‘into’ more of a D or Flap T sound connected to the N. 可是很多美國人都會把into [ˈɪndə] 唸的更像一個D或是彈舌T，黏住一個N。

If you only learned the stressed pronunciation of this and every word in American English,

If you only learned the stressed pronunciation of this and every word in American English, 如果你只學過美式英語裡這單字的重讀跟所有的單字，

your English wouldn’t sound too natural, because we use so many reductions so frequently.

your English wouldn’t sound too natural, because we use so many reductions so frequently. 你的英語聽上去不會很自然， 因為我們超常用很多弱讀的。

Number 63: the word ‘year’.

Number 63: the word ‘year’. 第63個：單字「year」

A noun, a content word.

A noun, a content word. 一個名詞，一個實詞。

This is a word that will generally be stressed in a sentence.

This is a word that will generally be stressed in a sentence. 這是個在句子裡常被重讀的單字。

No reduction here.

No reduction here. 這裡不會弱讀。

Year. Year.

Year. Year. [ jɪr ]

Up-down shape of stress.

Up-down shape of stress. 從上往下型的重讀。

Longer, clearer than the unstressed words in a sentence will be.

Longer, clearer than the unstressed words in a sentence will be. 比句子裡輕讀的單字更長，更清楚。

A lot of people have problems with the pronunciation of this word because of the Y sound.

A lot of people have problems with the pronunciation of this word because of the Y sound. 因為Y音的關係，很多人都難唸得到這個單字。

Year.

Year. [ jɪr ]

How is it different from ‘ear’?

How is it different from ‘ear’? 它跟「ear」[ ɪr ] 有什麼分別呢?

I actually have a video on that.

I actually have a video on that. 我其實有一支關於這問題的影片。

Let me put in a little clip here.

Let me put in a little clip here. 讓我把一小小的片段放進來。

‘Year’ and ‘ear’ are exactly the same except for the Y sound.

‘Year’ and ‘ear’ are exactly the same except for the Y sound. 除了Y音以外，「year」跟「ear」是完全一樣的。

The main vowel is the IH as in SIT vowel,

The main vowel is the IH as in SIT vowel, 主要的母音就是「SIT」[sɪt] 母音裡的「IH」音 [ɪ]。

but I do feel like we squeeze it a little bit, so it sounds a little more like EE.

but I do feel like we squeeze it a little bit, so it sounds a little more like EE. 可是我的確感覺到我們唸起來會更擠一點點，所以聽起來更像「EE」的音 [ i ]。

IH, ear.

IH, ear. [ɪ]

EE, ear.

EE, ear. [ i ]

Ear.

Ear. [ ɪr ]

Let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look. 一起來看看吧。

First, the word ‘ear’.

First, the word ‘ear’. 第一就是，單字「ear」。

For the IH or EE vowel, the jaw drops just a bit, and the corners of the lips pull out wide, just a little.

For the IH or EE vowel, the jaw drops just a bit, and the corners of the lips pull out wide, just a little. 唸IH [ ɪ ] 或是EE [ i ] 母音的時候，下巴往下張開一點點，然後嘴角往兩邊拉開一點。

The tongue tip is down here, touching the back of the bottom front teeth.

The tongue tip is down here, touching the back of the bottom front teeth. 舌頭在這下面，踫到下前排牙齒的後方。

The front part arches towards the roof of the mouth without touching it.

The front part arches towards the roof of the mouth without touching it. 前部分在沒踫到嘴巴頂端的情況下拱過去。

Next is the schwa-R sound.

Next is the schwa-R sound. 下一部分就是混母音加上R的音了。

Look for the tongue pulling back as the lips flare.

Look for the tongue pulling back as the lips flare. 在舌頭往後退的同時雙唇張開。

The tongue pulls back and up, with the tip pointing down so it’s not touching anything.

The tongue pulls back and up, with the tip pointing down so it’s not touching anything. 舌頭往後往上退，同時舌尖往下，不會踫到往何東西。

Now, let’s take a look at ‘year’.

Now, let’s take a look at ‘year’. 然後，一起來看看「year」怎麼唸。

The jaw dropped a little bit more here.

The jaw dropped a little bit more here. 這裡的下巴往下張開多一點點。

Why?

Why? 為什麼?

To accommodate the movement of the tongue.

To accommodate the movement of the tongue. 是為了應對舌頭的活動。

While the tip is down in the same position for the next vowel,

While the tip is down in the same position for the next vowel, 當舌尖往下，在相同位置準備下一個母音的時候，

the middle part of the tongue actually touches the roof of the mouth and pushes forward a bit.

the middle part of the tongue actually touches the roof of the mouth and pushes forward a bit. 舌頭的中部其實踫上了嘴巴的頂端，然後往前推了一點點。

yy, yy.

yy, yy. [ j ]

At the same time, the throat closes off down here,

At the same time, the throat closes off down here, 與此同時，喉嚨在這下面閉上了

yy--, yy--, yy--, to add a different dimension to the sound.

yy--, yy--, yy--, to add a different dimension to the sound. yy--, yy--, yy-- 為整個聲音增添了不同的特點。

Ee, yy, ee, yy.

Ee, yy, ee, yy. [ i ] [ j ]

Let’s watch the Y several times to see that motion

Let’s watch the Y several times to see that motion 一起來看Y 幾次，看看那個從嘴巴頂部

of the tongue pulling down from the roof of the mouth: yy, yy.

of the tongue pulling down from the roof of the mouth: yy, yy. 放下來的舌頭是怎麼動的：yy, yy

Now, the lips flare and the tongue pulls back for the R.

Now, the lips flare and the tongue pulls back for the R. 這裡看。雙唇張開，然後舌頭為了R音往後退

Now let’s compare the beginning position of these two words.

Now let’s compare the beginning position of these two words. 然後，一起來比對一下，這兩個單字一開始的位置。

‘Ear’ is on the left and ‘year’ is on the right.

Ear’ is on the left and ‘year’ is on the right. 「ear」在左邊，然後「year」在右邊。

Notice that the jaw has dropped more for the forward motion of the tongue on the roof of the mouth for ‘year’.

Notice that the jaw has dropped more for the forward motion of the tongue on the roof of the mouth for ‘year’. 留意下巴在唸「year」時往下張開得更多，帶動著位於嘴巴頂端的舌頭往前推的活動。

Also, the corners of the lips are more relaxed

Also, the corners of the lips are more relaxed 還有的就是，嘴角相比

than for the initial vowel in ‘ear’, where they pull slightly out.

than for the initial vowel in ‘ear’, where they pull slightly out. 微微往前推出來的「ear」開頭的母音更放鬆一點。

You can see this from the front as well.

You can see this from the front as well. 你也可以從前方看到這一點。

The jaw has dropped more for the tongue movement.

The jaw has dropped more for the tongue movement. 下巴為了舌頭活動往下張開得更多。

So, we have the tongue movement, which is different for the Y, as well as the Y sound in the throat, yy.

So, we have the tongue movement, which is different for the Y, as well as the Y sound in the throat, yy. 那麼，我們知道有舌頭的活動，Y音是不同的。然後還有位於喉嚨的Y音。YY.

This is how we want to start the word ‘year’: yy, yy, year.

This is how we want to start the word ‘year’: yy, yy, year. 這就是我們怎樣一開始唸出「year」了。 yy, yy, year.

Now I’ll say the minimal pair several times.

Now I’ll say the minimal pair several times. 現在我會把兩個小單字都唸幾遍。

Can you hear the difference?

Can you hear the difference? 你可以聽出區別嗎?

Year. Ear.

Year. Ear. [ jɪr ] [ ɪr ]

Year. Ear.

Year. Ear. [ jɪr ] [ ɪr ]

Year. Ear.

Year. Ear. [ jɪr ] [ ɪr ]

Year.

Year. [ jɪr ]

Let’s do a sentence or two.

Let’s do a sentence or two. 一起來唸一兩句吧。

We’re going to Italy this year.

We’re going to Italy this year. [wir ˈgoʊɪŋ tə ˈɪdəli ðɪs jɪr.] 我們今年會去意大利。

Year. Year.

Year. Year. [ jɪr ]

It’s the last word in the thought group,

It’s the last word in the thought group, 這是字組裡的最後一個單字，

and naturally in American English, our energy and our pitch goes down in a sentence,

and naturally in American English, our energy and our pitch goes down in a sentence, 通常說，在美式英語，我們講話的力氣跟音調是往下跑的。

so the ending word is often less clear, even if it’s stressed,

so the ending word is often less clear, even if it’s stressed, 所以結尾的字通常是沒那麼清楚的，即使它是重讀的也好，

even if it’s a content word like ‘year’.

even if it’s a content word like ‘year’. 即使像是「year」一般的實詞也好。

But it still has the length of a stressed syllable.

But it still has the length of a stressed syllable. 可是它還是有重讀音節的長度。

We’re going to Italy this year.

We’re going to Italy this year. [wir ˈgoʊɪŋ tə ˈɪdəli ðɪs jɪr.] 我們今年會去意大利。

Year, year.

Year, year. [ jɪr ]

A little bit of that up-down shape of stress.

A little bit of that up-down shape of stress. 有一丁點兒~那個從上往下型的重音。

What year were you born?

What year were you born? [wʌt jɪr wər jʊ bɔrn?] 你是哪年出生的?

Year, year.

Year, year. [ jɪr ]

There the word ‘year’ is closer to the beginning of the sentence, so it’s a little clearer.

There the word ‘year’ is closer to the beginning of the sentence, so it’s a little clearer. 這裡就是，「year」這單字離句子的開頭有比較近了，所以會有比較清楚一點點。

Year.

Year. [ jɪr ]

Number 64: Another great reduction.

Number 64: Another great reduction. 第64個：另一個很好的弱讀。

The word ‘your’.

The word ‘your’. 單字「your」

This is related to the word ‘or’, which was number 31.

This is related to the word ‘or’, which was number 31. 這單字跟第31個的單字「or」是有關連的。

Fully pronounced, ‘your’ and ‘or’ rhyme with ‘more’ or ‘wore’.

Fully pronounced, ‘your’ and ‘or’ rhyme with ‘more’ or ‘wore’. [ jɔr] [ɔr] [mɔr] [wʊər] 完全唸出來，「your」 跟「or」與「more」還有「wore」是押韻的。

But they’re almost never fully pronounced.

But they’re almost never fully pronounced. 可是它們都幾乎不會被完全地唸出來。

They’re almost always reduced in a sentence, ‘yer’, ‘er’.

They’re almost always reduced in a sentence, ‘yer’, ‘er’ [ jər ] [ ə ] . 它們幾乎都常常在句子裡弱讀。 ‘yer’, ‘er’.

So the vowel changes to the schwa.

So the vowel changes to the schwa. 所以母音變成混母音 [ə]了。

Stressed: Your.

Stressed: Your. [jɔr] 重讀：Your.

Fully pronounced, longer, up-down shape of stress.

Fully pronounced, longer, up-down shape of stress. 完全唸出來，更長，從上往下型的重音。

But in a sentence: yer, yer.

But in a sentence: yer, yer. [ jər ] 可是在句子裡：yer, yer.

Unstressed, low in pitch, said quickly.

Unstressed, low in pitch, said quickly. 弱讀，音調低低的，快快的唸。

Yer.

Yer. [ jər ]

Sample sentence: What’s your name?

Sample sentence: What’s your name? [wʌts jər neɪm?] 簡單句子：What’s your name?

Yer, yer, yer.

Yer, yer, yer. [ jər ]

Yer name.

Yer name. [jər neɪm]

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? [kən aɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ jər kɑr?] 我可以借你的車嗎？

Yer, yer, yer.

Yer, yer, yer. [ jər ]

Borrow your car?

Borrow your car? [ ˈbɑˌroʊ jər kɑr?] 借你的車？

In this question: Can I borrow your car?

In this question: Can I borrow your car? 在這問題裡：Can I borrow your car?

Can I bor-- car-- Those are the two stressed syllables.

Can I bor-- car-- Those are the two stressed syllables. Can I bor-- car-- 那兩個是重讀的音節。

‘Can’ and ‘your’ reduced: can--, your--, and ‘I’ is unstressed.

‘Can’ and ‘your’ reduced: can--, your--, and ‘I’ is unstressed. 「can」跟「your」弱化：can--, your- [ kən ] [ jər ]， 然後「I’」是輕讀的.

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? [ ˈbɑˌroʊ jər kɑr?] 我可以借你的車嗎？

What would it sound like if they were all stressed?

What would it sound like if they were all stressed? 如果它們都重讀了，聽起來會怎樣的呢？

If they were all said very clearly, fully pronounced?

If they were all said very clearly, fully pronounced? 如果它們都很清楚的，完全地唸出來呢?

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? [kæn aɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ jʊər kɑr?] 我可以借你的車嗎？

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? [kæn aɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ jʊər kɑr?] 我可以借你的車嗎？

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? [kæn aɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ jʊər kɑr?] 我可以借你的車嗎？

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? 我可以借你的車嗎？

Completely unnatural.

Completely unnatural. 完全不自然的。

Can I borrow your car?

Can I borrow your car? [kən aɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ jər kɑr?] 我可以借你的車嗎？

It’s so important to learn about reductions,

It’s so important to learn about reductions, 學習弱化是非常重要的，

and learn about the unstressed pronunciation of words,

and learn about the unstressed pronunciation of words, 還有學習單字輕讀的發音。

so that you can sound more natural, more relaxed, and be more easily understood.

so that you can sound more natural, more relaxed, and be more easily understood. 由此你(的英語)可以聽上去更自然，更放鬆，還有更容易被理解到。

You’re in the right place for this.

You’re in the right place for this. 為此你就正正來對地方了。

Okay, let’s keep going.

Okay, let’s keep going. 好吧，我們繼續吧。

Number 65: Good.

Number 65: Good. 第65個：Good.

This is our first word in the 100 most common words in English list that’s primarily an adjective.

This is our first word in the 100 most common words in English list that’s primarily an adjective. 這是我們100個最常用的英語單字表裡，第一個主要作形容詞用的單字。

An adjective is a content word.

An adjective is a content word. 形容詞是實詞。

Content words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Content words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 實詞是名詞，動詞，形容詞，還有副詞。

And content words are what are generally will be stressed in a sentence.

And content words are what are generally will be stressed in a sentence. 而實詞在句子裡通常是重讀的

Good. Good.

Good. Good. [ gʊd ]

Up-down shape.

Up-down shape. 從上往下型

Good.

Good. [ gʊd ]

Longer, clearer.

Longer, clearer. 更長，更清楚。

The O here represents the UH sound, like in push, or book.

The O here represents the UH sound, like in push, or book. 這裡的「O」代表「UH」音 [ ʊ ] ，就像「push」[ pʊʃ ]或是「book」[ bʊk ]裡的一樣。

Good. Uh.

Good. Uh. [ gʊd ] [ ʊ ]

The D is a stop consonant, and stop consonants have two parts, a stop of air, and a release.

The D is a stop consonant, and stop consonants have two parts, a stop of air, and a release. D是一個塞音，塞音有兩個部分：一個空氣的停頓跟一個放開動作。

Good. Good. Stop and release.

Good. Good. Stop and release. Good. Good. 停下來，然後放開。

But with stop consonants, it’s common to skip the release.

But with stop consonants, it’s common to skip the release. 可是往往唸塞音時會略過放開動作。

Then, the D becomes a lot more subtle.

Then, the D becomes a lot more subtle. 然後，D變得更不明顯。

I want to show you what I mean.

I want to show you what I mean. 我想讓你看看我這是什麼意思。

Good. ddd--

Good. ddd-- [ d| ]

My tongue is lifted into position for the D, and my vocal cords make a sound.

My tongue is lifted into position for the D, and my vocal cords make a sound. 我的舌頭往上抬到唸「D」的位置，然後我的聲帶發出聲音。

Dddd. Good. Good. Good.

Dddd. Good. Good. Good. [ d| ] [ gʊd ]

Do you hear it at the end?

Do you hear it at the end? 你聽得到結尾部分嗎?

It’s clearer on its own.

It’s clearer on its own. 它自身是更清晰的。

Dddd--

Dddd-- [ d| ]

But of course, we never use it that way.

But of course, we never use it that way. 但是，當然，我們從來不會這樣子用它的。

It’s always part of a word or sentence.

It’s always part of a word or sentence. 它常常都是一個單字或是句子的一部分。

And that can mean it’s harder here: good, good, ddd--, good.

And that can mean it’s harder here: good, good, ddd--, good. 那意思也就是它更難唸：good, good, ddd--, good.

Pronouncing your D this way will help your English sound natural.

Pronouncing your D this way will help your English sound natural. 這樣子唸你的D音會幫助你的英語聽上去更自然。

If you’re linking the D into a word that begins with a vowel or diphthong,

If you’re linking the D into a word that begins with a vowel or diphthong, 如果你把D音連接到一個以母音或雙母音開頭的單字，

then it will sound like a flap.

then it will sound like a flap. 那它會聽上去更像一個彈舌音。

Let’s look at an example.

Let’s look at an example. 一起來看看例子。

I feel good about the project.

I feel good about the project. [aɪ fil gʊd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt.] 我對這報告有好的預感。

Good about, good about.

Good about, good about. [gʊd əˈbaʊt ]

Goo-- ddd-- Good about.

Goo-- ddd-- Good about.

There, the next word begins with a vowel sound, so I flap the tongue and connect the two words.

There, the next word begins with a vowel sound, so I flap the tongue and connect the two words. 就這樣，接下來的單字以一個母音作開頭，所以我彈了一下舌頭來把兩個單字連在一起。

Good about.

Good about.

It’s a good restaurant.

It’s a good restaurant. [ɪts ə gʊd ˈrɛstəˌrɑnt.] 這是家好的餐廳。

Good—dd—restaurant.

Good—dd—restaurant. [gʊd ˈrɛstəˌrɑnt.]

There, I make a very quick D sound in the vocal cords, before going into the R.

There, I make a very quick D sound in the vocal cords, before going into the R. 這裡，我在唸R之前很快地唸了一個D音。

Good restaurant.

Good restaurant. [gʊd ˈrɛstəˌrɑnt.] 好餐廳。

66, the word ‘some’.

66, the word ‘some’. 66。單字「some」

This word generally reduces and can be said very quickly in sentences.

This word generally reduces and can be said very quickly in sentences. 這個單字通常是弱化的，而且在句子裡可以很快地唸出來。

It depends on how the word is being used.

It depends on how the word is being used. 要看怎麼用這個單字。

For example, if it’s being used to show that something was great, or unique, like,

For example, if it’s being used to show that something was great, or unique, like, 比方說，如果用來表示一些東西是好的或是獨特的，好像

“That was some party!”, then it’s fully pronounced.

“That was some party!”, then it’s fully pronounced. [ðæt wʌz sʌm ˈpɑrdi!] 「那派對真棒!」，那就會把它完全唸出來。

Also, if it can be switched out for the word ‘certain’, then it’s stressed:

Also, if it can be switched out for the word ‘certain’, then it’s stressed: 還有的就是，如果可以用「certain」這個單字來換掉的話，那就是重讀的。

Some days I work from home, and some days I go to the office.

Some days I work from home, and some days I go to the office. [sʌm deɪz aɪ wɜrk frəm hoʊm, ənd sʌm deɪz aɪ goʊ tə ði ˈɔfəs.] 有些日子我在家裡工作，有些日子我去辦公室。

Fully pronounced: some, some.

Fully pronounced: some, some. [sʌm] 完全唸出來：some, some.

Up-down shape, length, UH as in butter vowel.

Up-down shape, length, UH as in butter vowel. 從上往下型，長的，就如「butter」[ˈbʌdər] 母音裡的UH [ ʌ ]

But usually, it’s not stressed, it’s actually reduced.

But usually, it’s not stressed, it’s actually reduced. 可是通常說，它並不是被重讀了，它其實是被弱化了

Then it’s more like: some, some, some.

Then it’s more like: some, some, some. [səm] 那就更像：some, some, some.

Flat, low in pitch, said very quickly, and the vowel reduces to the schwa.

Flat, low in pitch, said very quickly, and the vowel reduces to the schwa. 平平的，音調低低的，唸得很快，還有就是母音弱化成混母音。

Some. Some. Some.

Some. Some. Some [səm]

We pronounce it this way when we use ‘some’ to mean an unknown amount, or unit, or thing.

We pronounce it this way when we use ‘some’ to mean an unknown amount, or unit, or thing. 當我們用「some」來表達一個不明數量，或是單位，或是東西的時候，我們這樣子唸的。

Some water.

Some water. 一點水 [səm ˈwɔtər]

May I have some water?

May I have some water? [meɪ aɪ həv səm ˈwɔtər?] 我可以要點水嗎?

Some, some.

Some, some. [səm]

We need some more volunteers.

We need some more volunteers. [wi nid səm mɔr ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz.] 我們需要一些義工。

Some, some. Some more.

Some, some. Some more. [səm mɔr]

Some.

Some. [səm]

Said very quickly, low in pitch, flat: some.

Said very quickly, low in pitch, flat: some. 唸得很快，音調低低的，平平的：some.

Stressed: some.

Stressed: some. [sʌm] 重讀：some.

Unstressed: sum.

Unstressed: sum. [səm] 輕讀：sum.

Number 67, the word “could”.

Number 67, the word “could”. 第67個：單字「could」

Actually, we’ve already gone over this word.

Actually, we’ve already gone over this word. 事實上，我們已經講過這個單字了。

We did that when we talked about ‘would’, number 37.

We did that when we talked about ‘would’, number 37. 我們講第37個單字「would」時，就講過了。

Number 68. Another word that reduces, the word ‘them’.

Number 68. Another word that reduces, the word ‘them’. 第68個。另一個弱化的單字，單字「them」

A pronoun, which is a function word.

A pronoun, which is a function word. 一個代名詞，是個實詞。

Fully pronounced, the word has the voiced TH, which I know is a tricky sound,

Fully pronounced, the word has the voiced TH, which I know is a tricky sound, 完全唸出來，這個單字有濁音TH [ðə]，我知道是一個難搞的單字。

the EH as in BED vowel, and the M consonant.

the EH as in BED vowel, and the M consonant. 就如「bed」[bed] 母音的EH [e]，還有M子音[m]。

Them.

Them. [ðem]

I have good news for you if the TH is one of your hardest sounds:

I have good news for you if the TH is one of your hardest sounds: 如果「TH」是你其中一個最難唸得到的音，我有好消息要告訴你：

This reduction involves dropping the TH.

This reduction involves dropping the TH. 這裡的弱化會把TH丟掉。

So, let me give you an example sentence.

So, let me give you an example sentence. 所以，讓我給你一句例句。

We gave them the tickets.

We gave them the tickets. [wi geɪv 'əm ðə ˈtɪkəts.] 我們把票給他們了。

Gave ‘em.

Gave ‘em. [geɪv 'əm]

We gave ‘em money.

We gave ‘em money. [wi geɪv 'əm ˈmʌni.] 我們把錢給他們了。

Gave ‘em. Gave ‘em.

Gave ‘em. Gave ‘em. [geɪv 'əm] [geɪv 'əm]

You might be thinking, wait, we already studied ‘gave ‘im’,

You might be thinking, wait, we already studied ‘gave ‘im’, 你可能會想，等等，我們已經學過「gave 'im」，

and it was when we were talking about “him!” Yes.

and it was when we were talking about “him!” Yes. 就是我們講過「him」的時候！ 對。

Both ‘him’ and ‘them’ sound the same when reduced.

Both ‘him’ and ‘them’ sound the same when reduced. 弱化的時候，「him」跟「them」聽起來都一樣。

So, “we gave him money”

So, “we gave him money” 那麼「we gave him money」

will sound just like “we gave them money.”

will sound just like "we gave them money." 會聽起來更「we gave them money.」一樣。

It doesn’t matter that they sound the same.

It doesn’t matter that they sound the same. 他們聽起來一樣並不重要。

We use a pronoun when we’ve established who we’re talking about.

We use a pronoun when we’ve established who we’re talking about. 在我們已經講過要講的人的時候，我們才會用代名詞。

So these two pronouns sounding the same shouldn’t add any confusion to your conversation.

So these two pronouns sounding the same shouldn’t add any confusion to your conversation. 所以這兩個代名詞聽起來一模一樣也應該不會把你們的對話給搞混的。

You can pronounce it quickly with the TH: them, them, them, them.

You can pronounce it quickly with the TH: them, them, them, them. 你跟TH一起很快地把它唸出來：them, them, them, them. [ðəm]

But you’ll also hear it with the TH dropped, and this is something you can do in conversational English too.

But you’ll also hear it with the TH dropped, and this is something you can do in conversational English too. 可是你也會聽到TH不見了，這是你可以在日常生活的對話當中做的事情。

Number 69: See.

Number 69: See. 第69個：See.

This is a verb, a content word, and generally yes, this will always be stressed in a sentence.

This is a verb, a content word, and generally yes, this will always be stressed in a sentence. 這是一個動詞，一個實詞。通常說，對，在句子會常常重讀的。

We’re on number 69 here of the 100 most common words in English,

We’re on number 69 here of the 100 most common words in English, 我們現在講到100個最常用的英語單字的第69個。

and there have only been a handful of words where it’s never stressed.

and there have only been a handful of words where it’s never stressed. 而裡面只有少數的單字是從不重讀的。

Wow. Unstressed words? So common.

Wow. Unstressed words? So common. WOW 輕讀的單字? 很常見。

Reductions? So common.

Reductions? So common. 弱讀(的單字)? 很常見。

See is a simple word, just two sounds, the S consonant and the EE as in SHE vowel.

See is a simple word, just two sounds, the S consonant and the EE as in SHE vowel. 「See」是個簡單的單字，只有兩個聲音，S子音跟就如「SHE」[ si ] 母音裡的「EE」音 [ i ]。

See. See.

See. See. [ si ]

Stressed with an up-down shape: see, see.

Stressed with an up-down shape: see, see.從上往下型的重讀：see, see.

And it will be one of the longer syllables in a sentence.

And it will be one of the longer syllables in a sentence. 然後它是一句句子裡其中一個較長的音節。

I didn’t see you there. See. See.

I didn’t see you there. See. See. [aɪ dɪdnt si jʊ ðɛr] 我剛剛沒看到你。See. See.

Or: The CEO asked to see me.

Or:The CEO asked to see me. [ ðə si-i-oʊ æskt tə si mi. ] 或是：執行長要見我。

See.

See. [ si ]

Number 70: the word ‘other’.

Number 70: the word ‘other’. 第70個：單字「other」

This word can be used as an adjective, a noun, a pronoun,

This word can be used as an adjective, a noun, a pronoun, 這個單字可以用作形容詞，名詞，代名詞。

so, this word can be both a content word and a function word.

so, this word can be both a content word and a function word. 因此，這個單字可以是實詞，也可以是虛詞。

It can be stressed or unstressed.

It can be stressed or unstressed. 它重讀或是輕讀都可以。

For example, stressed: I don’t love it, on the other hand, it is cheaper.

For example, stressed: I don’t love it. On the other hand, it is cheaper. [aɪ doʊn| lʌv ɪt. ɑn ði ˈʌðər hænd, ɪd əz ˈʧipər.] 比方說，重讀：我不喜歡它，相反，它更便宜。

Other. Other.

Other. Other. [ˈʌðər]

Or, I read about that just the other day.

Or, I read about that just the other day. [aɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt ðæt ʤəst ði ˈʌðər deɪ.] 或是，我有一天剛好有讀到那個(事情)。

Other. Other.

Other. Other. [ˈʌðər]

It’s usually stressed, but it can be unstressed.

It’s usually stressed, but it can be unstressed. 它常常是重讀的，可是也可以輕讀。

For example, Someone or other will help out.

For example, Someone or other will help out. [ˈsʌmˌwʌn ər ˈʌðər wəl hɛlp aʊt|.] 比方說，有些人總會幫忙的。

Someone or other.

Someone or other. [ˈsʌmˌwʌn ər ˈʌðər] 某些人。

Or other, or other, or other, or other.

Or other, or other, or other, or other. [ər ˈʌðər]

Other, other, other.

Other, other, other. [ˈʌðər]

Lower in pitch, a little mumbled, less clear.

Lower in pitch, a little mumbled, less clear. 音調比較低，有一點點口齒不清的，沒那麼清楚。

However, I don’t change any of the sounds so it’s just unstressed, not reduced.

However, I don’t change any of the sounds so it’s just unstressed, not reduced. 可是我並沒有改掉任何的聲音，所以只是輕讀，不是弱化。

In the stressed syllable, we have the UH as in BUTTER vowel and voiced TH, oth, oth.

In the stressed syllable, we have the UH as in BUTTER vowel and voiced TH, oth, oth. 在重讀的音節時，我們唸跟BUTTER母音一樣的UH音 [ˈbʌtər]，還有塞音TH [ð]，oth, oth. [ʌð]

Just the very tip of the tongue comes through the teeth for that TH.

Just the very tip of the tongue comes through the teeth for that TH. 把舌尖最前面的部分從雙齒之間伸出去，來去發TH音。

Oth, th, th, th. Other.

Oth, th, th, th. Other. [ˈʌð] [ð] [ˈʌðər]

Then the schwa R ending in the unstressed syllable.

Then the schwa R ending in the unstressed syllable. 然後唸輕讀音節中混母音加上R的結尾。

Other.

Other. [ˈʌðər]

Wow.

Wow.

We’re getting close to the end.

We’re getting close to the end. 我們快要結束了。

We’ve studied 70 of the 100 most common words in English.

We’ve studied 70 of the 100 most common words in English. 我們已經學過100個最常見英語單字的70個了。

Let’s keep going down this list, studying the pronunciation,

Let’s keep going down this list, studying the pronunciation, 一起來繼續往下學，學發音吧。

and I don’t mean the full or official pronunciation,

and I don’t mean the full or official pronunciation, 我並不是在講完整的發音，

I mean how the word is actually used in a sentence in American English.

I mean how the word is actually used in a sentence in American English. 我是說在美式英語怎樣真正在句子裡使用單字。

Look for the next installment in this series, coming soon.

Look for the next installment in this series, coming soon. 期待一下這系列的下一支影片吧，很快送上!

That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.

That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English. 就這樣了，非常感謝使用Rachel’s English。