DO and DOES Reduction -- American English Pronunciation

479,496 views ใƒป 2015-04-07

Rachel's English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video,
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ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ
00:03
weโ€™re going to study using DO and DOES as helping verbs,
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ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… DO ูˆ DOES ูƒุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุŒ
00:07
and their pronunciation.
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ูˆู†ุทู‚ู‡ุง.
00:09
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00:15
Do you know what a helping verb is?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑู ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุŸ
00:17
Itโ€™s a verb that helps the main verb of the sentence
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
00:21
โ€“ so itโ€™s not the main verb.
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- ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ.
00:23
Itโ€™s an auxillary verb.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏ.
00:25
Letโ€™s look at two examples:
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู†:
00:27
I do it all the time.
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ุฃูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
00:29
What do you think?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏุŸ
00:31
In one sentence, โ€˜doโ€™ is the main verb;
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ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุŒ "ูุนู„" ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุ›
00:34
itโ€™s the only verb.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ.
00:36
In the other sentence, itโ€™s the helping verb,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุŒ
00:38
the auxiliary verb.
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ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏ.
00:40
Which is which?
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ุฃูŠู‡ู…ุงุŸ
00:42
โ€˜Thinkโ€™ is a verb, itโ€™s the main verb of that sentence.
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"Think" ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
00:46
So โ€˜doโ€™ is the helping verb in the second sentence,
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ุฅุฐู† "do" ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ
00:50
and the main verb in the first sentence.
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ูˆุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰.
00:54
What do you notice about the pronunciation?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุทู‚ุŸ
00:58
In the first sentence, I pronounce it fully, do,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุŒ ุฃู†ุทู‚ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุŒ ุงูุนู„ ุŒ
01:01
with the OO as in BOO vowel.
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ู…ุน OO ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุญุฑู ุนู„ุฉ BOO.
01:04
In the second sentence, itโ€™s not as clear.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุญ.
01:06
What do you think?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏุŸ
01:08
I reduce the vowel to the schwa, duh, duh.
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ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุฎุชุฒุงู„ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุนู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ schwa ุŒ duh ุŒ duh.
01:12
I say it as fast as I can.
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ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุฃุณุฑุน ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†.
01:15
You might notice Iโ€™m dropping the T in โ€˜whatโ€™
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุณู‚ุท ุญุฑู T ููŠ "ู…ุงุฐุง"
01:18
and reducing the vowel in โ€˜youโ€™ to the schwa as well:
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ูˆุงุฎุชุฒู„ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุนู„ุฉ ููŠ "ุฃู†ุช" ุฅู„ู‰ schwa ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง:
01:21
what do you, what do you.
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„.
01:23
What do you think?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏุŸ
01:25
That makes the words in that phrase flow together,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุชุชุฏูู‚ ู…ุนู‹ุง ุŒ
01:28
just like we want in American English.
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ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
01:31
Content words are words we want to stress,
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ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุŒ
01:34
words we want to fully pronounce.
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ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
01:36
Verbs are content words, but helping verbs are not.
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ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุถู…ูˆู†ุฉ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
01:40
These are function words,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุธูŠููŠุฉ
01:42
which are unstressed and sometimes reduced.
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†.
01:46
Duh, duh.
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ุฏูˆู‡ ุŒ ุฏูˆู‡.
01:48
This same idea works with the word โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ูŠูุนู„".
01:51
Fully pronounced, โ€˜doesโ€™,
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ุชู†ุทู‚ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุŒ "ู„ุง" ุŒ
01:53
with the UH as in BUTTER vowel.
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ู…ุน UH ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠ ุญุฑู ุนู„ุฉ BUTTER.
01:56
But when itโ€™s a helping verb, itโ€™s pronounced โ€˜dizโ€™,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุนู„ู‹ุง ู…ุณุงุนุฏู‹ุง ุŒ ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ู‡ "diz" ุŒ
02:00
does, does.
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ูŠูุนู„ ุŒ ูŠูุนู„.
02:03
Different, right? Itโ€™s less clear, very, very quick,
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ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุถูˆุญู‹ุง ุŒ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุŒ
02:07
and we reduce the vowel to the schwa.
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ูˆู†ุฎุชุตุฑ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุนู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ schwa.
02:10
The jaw doesnโ€™t really need to drop - 'does'.
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ู„ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ููƒ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุณู‚ุงุท - "ู„ุง".
02:14
She does accounting for the firm.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุณุจุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ.
02:16
What does he need?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌุŸ
02:18
She does accounting, does, does.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุชูุนู„ ุŒ ุชูุนู„.
02:21
Itโ€™s the only verb, fully pronounced.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุŒ ูˆุงุถุญ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
02:24
She does, she does.
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ู‡ูŠ ุชูุนู„ ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุชูุนู„.
02:27
What does he need?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌุŸ
02:28
does, does, does.
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ูŠูุนู„ ุŒ ูŠูุนู„ ุŒ ูŠูุนู„.
02:30
Unstressed, very fast.
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑู‡ู‚ ุŒ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฌุฏุง.
02:33
Needโ€™ is the main verb here.
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Need 'ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ู†ุง.
02:36
Does, does.
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ู‡ู„ ูŠูุนู„.
02:37
What does he, what does he.
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„.
02:40
Notice Iโ€™m dropping the H in โ€˜heโ€™, as we often do.
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ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุณู‚ุท ุญุฑู H ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู‡ูˆ" ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง.
02:44
What does he need?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌุŸ
02:46
Letโ€™s listen to a few more sentences
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ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุถุน ุฌู…ู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
02:48
with โ€˜doesโ€™ and โ€˜doโ€™:
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… "do" ูˆ "do":
02:50
Why does it do that?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:52
Which one sounds fully pronounced, โ€˜doesโ€™ or โ€˜doโ€™?
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ุฃูŠู‡ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆุงุถุญู‹ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุŒ "ู‡ู„" ุฃูˆ "ุชูุนู„"ุŸ
02:56
Why does it do that? Why does, does, does.
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ ุŒ ูŠูุนู„ ุŒ ูŠูุนู„.
03:00
Thatโ€™s not fully pronounced.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุงุถุญุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง.
03:01
Do that, do that.
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ุงูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุงูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ. ูŠุชู…
03:04
โ€˜Doโ€™ is fully pronounced.
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ู†ุทู‚ "Do" ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
03:06
Do is the main verb,
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุŒ
03:08
and โ€˜doesโ€™ is the helping verb, does.
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ูˆ "ูŠูุนู„" ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุŒ ูŠูุนู„.
03:12
How do you feel?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุนูˆุฑูƒุŸ
03:14
Is โ€˜doโ€™ fully pronounced?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "do" ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุŸ
03:16
How do you feel?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุนูˆุฑูƒุŸ
03:18
No. Itโ€™s reduced.
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ู„ุง. ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฎูุถ.
03:20
โ€˜Feelโ€™ is the main verb, and โ€˜doโ€™ is the helping verb.
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"Feel" ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุŒ ูˆ "do" ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
03:24
Did you notice that every time โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜doesโ€™
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ู‡ู„ ู„ุงุญุธุช ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช "ุชูุนู„" ูˆ "ุชูุนู„"
03:28
were helping verbs, they were making questions?
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ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุทุฑุญูˆู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŸ
03:31
And every time they were main verbs,
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ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูุนุงู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุŒ
03:34
they were making statements.
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุฏู„ูˆู† ุจุจูŠุงู†ุงุช.
03:36
Actually, they can be in a statement
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุจูŠุงู†
03:38
as an auxiliary verb too,
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ูƒูุนู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ
03:40
but in those cases they are being added for emphasis,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ูŠุชู… ุฅุถุงูุชู‡ู… ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุŒ
03:43
and so they will be stressed.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู….
03:45
For example: I do like them.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„: ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุจู‡ู….
03:48
โ€˜Likeโ€™ is the main verb,
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"Like" ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุŒ
03:49
but we add โ€˜doโ€™ to add emphasis.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุถูŠู "do" ู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฏูŠุฏ.
03:53
>> You donโ€™t like them, do you?
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>> ุฃู†ุช ู„ุง ุชุญุจู‡ู… ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
03:55
>> I do! I do like them.
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>> ุฃู†ุง ุฃูุนู„! ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุจู‡ู….
03:58
It does work.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„.
04:00
โ€˜Workโ€™ is the main verb,
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"ุงู„ุนู…ู„" ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุŒ
04:02
but we add โ€˜doesโ€™ for emphasis.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุถูŠู "ูŠูุนู„" ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ.
04:04
>> This thing doesnโ€™t work.
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>> ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„.
04:06
>> It does work, youโ€™re doing it wrong.
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>> ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ.
04:09
So, if โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ are in a question,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช "ุชูุนู„" ุฃูˆ "ุชูุนู„" ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุŒ
04:13
try to reduce them.
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ูุญุงูˆู„ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡ุง.
04:14
Link them to the words around them,
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ุงุฑุจุทู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ู…
04:16
and make them really fast.
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ูˆุงุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
04:19
I hope this video has helped you understand
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ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุณุงุนุฏูƒ ููŠ ูู‡ู…
04:22
when and how you can use
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ู…ุชู‰ ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
04:24
โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜doesโ€™ as helping verbs.
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"do" ูˆ "does" ูƒุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
04:27
If thereโ€™s a word or phrase youโ€™d like help pronouncing,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุง ุŒ
04:31
please put it in the comments below.
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ููŠุฑุฌู‰ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
04:33
Donโ€™t forget to sign up for my mailing list
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ู„ุง ุชู†ุณ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ
04:35
by clicking here or in the description below
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุตู ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡
04:38
to keep up with all of my latest videos
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ู„ู…ูˆุงูƒุจุฉ ุฃุญุฏุซ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ
04:41
โ€“ itโ€™s free.
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- ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ.
04:42
Thatโ€™s it, and thanks so much for using Rachelโ€™s English.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุŒ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู„ุบุฉ ุฑุงุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
04:47
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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