IELTS Writing Task 2 Analysis - Understand & Correctly Answer IELTS Writing Task 2
雅思寫作 — 寫作Task2分析
77,224 views ・ 2021-05-19
請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。
00:01
Hi, I’m Daniel. Welcome to Oxford
Online English! In this lesson,
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嗨,我是Daniel。歡迎來到Oxford
Online English!在本節課裡,
00:05
you can learn about an essential skill for writing
IELTS task two essays. You’ll see the single
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您可以學到一個寫雅思寫作Task2議論文時
必不可少的技能。您會看到我們在我們
00:12
most important problem that we see in the IELTS
students we teach, and how you can avoid it.
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所教的參加雅思考試的學生們那裡發現的一個
最重要的問題,以及您怎麼可以避免它。
00:20
Do you have questions about another topic in English?
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您在英文的另一個
主題有疑問嗎?
00:24
We might have some answers in another English video lesson.
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也許我們在另一個英文線上
課程裡有一些答案。
00:28
Check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
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訪問我們的網站: Oxford Online English dot com。
00:32
We also have certified English teachers who can help you with your speaking,
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我們也有具有資質的英文老師,
他們可以在您的口說、寫作、
00:37
with your writing, reading, or whatever else you may need help with.
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閱讀和其他任何您可能
需要的地方幫到您。
00:43
Also, do you want to watch this video with subtitles?
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您也想看有字幕的影片嗎?
00:47
If so, you can turn them on.
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如果想,您可以打開它們。
00:49
Click on the CC button in the bottom right corner of your video player.
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點擊您的影片播放軟體
右下角的CC按鍵。
00:54
If you're using a mobile device, click on 'settings'.
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如果您在使用移動設備,點擊“settings”。
00:59
Are you planning to take an IELTS writing
exam soon? How do you feel about task 2?
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您正在規劃最近要參加的一個雅思寫作
考試嗎?您感覺Task 2怎樣?
01:08
The task two essay in the IELTS writing exam
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雅思寫作考試裡的Task 2議論文
01:11
is the most difficult part
of the test for many people.
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對很多人來說是考試裡
最難的部分。
01:16
Many people get stuck at a lower score than they
need, often around 5.5 to 6.5. They think the
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很多人卡在這裡,得到一個比他們想要的還低的
評分,通常大約5.5到6.5。他們認為
01:25
solution is to learn more vocabulary, or learn
more grammar, or find a template to follow.
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解決方案是去學更多的字彙,或學更多
的文法,或找一個模板來參考。
01:35
Probably, none of these things will help. Why?
Because there’s almost certainly a bigger problem.
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很有可能,這些事情沒有任何會有幫助。為什麼?
因為幾乎肯定有一個更大的問題。
01:44
Many of our students on Oxford Online English,
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很多我們在Oxford Online English
01:47
who we teach in online classes,
have major problems with *planning*.
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線上課程裡教授的學生,
有 *規劃*的主要問題。
01:54
Actually, the problem starts even earlier –
it starts with reading and analysing the task.
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實際上,問題甚至開始得更早——
那從閱讀和分析Task開始。
02:02
What’s the problem, exactly? Let me explain.
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問題準確地說是什麼?我來解釋。
02:06
We see that people often don’t pay attention to
key words in the task, or they misunderstand key
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我們看到人們通常不留意在Task裡面的
關鍵單字,或他們理解錯了
02:13
words in the task. Then, their answer starts going
in the wrong direction *from the very beginning*.
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Task裡面的關鍵單字。然後,他們的答案
*從最初*就開始在錯誤的方向上發展。
02:21
It’s like you’re going on a
long journey, and you start
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那像是您正在一個長程旅程裡,您
從走向錯誤的
02:25
by going in the wrong direction. The
further you go, the worse it gets.
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方向開始。您走得越遠,
情形就越糟糕。
02:32
If this is your problem, then
more vocabulary won’t help you.
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如果這是您的問題,那麼再多
的字彙也幫不了您。
02:37
Learning grammar rules or correcting your
grammar mistakes won’t make much difference.
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學習文法規則或修正您的文法錯誤
不會有太大的差別。
02:44
In this lesson, you’ll see how to analyse task
two questions, and how to avoid these problems.
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在本節課裡,您會看到怎麼分析Task 2的
問題,以及怎麼避免這些問題。
02:52
Before that, let’s just look at one
point related to the scoring system,
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在那之前,我們看一下與評分系統
相關的一個重點,
02:57
and why going off task is such a big problem.
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以及為什麼偏離Task是這麼大
的一個問題。
03:03
I’m sure you already know that your writing
score has four parts: task achievement,
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我確定您已經知道您的寫作評分
由四個部分構成: task完成情況、
03:10
coherence/cohesion, vocabulary and grammar.
However, these four parts are not independent.
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連貫/凝聚、字彙和文法。
然而,這四個部分不是獨立的。
03:20
If you go off-task, this mostly
hurts your task achievement score.
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如果您離題,您的task完成情況評分
會被扣掉最多。
03:26
However, your C&C and vocabulary scores track
your task achievement scores to some extent.
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然而,您的連貫/凝聚、字彙評分會在
一定程度上貼近您的task完成情況評分。
03:35
Only your grammar score is independent.
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僅有您的文法評分是獨立的。
03:39
For example, imagine that you write a perfect
essay, which is coherent, clear, with great use
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例如,想像您寫一篇完美的議論文,
它是連貫的、清晰的、字彙
03:48
of vocabulary, but you’re answering a completely
different question. What would you score?
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使用很棒,但是,您是在回答一個完全
不同的問題。您會得到什麼評分?
03:58
You would score maximum one for TA, two for C&C,
and four for vocabulary. You could theoretically
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TA評分您最多可以得到一分,連貫/凝聚
能得到兩分,字彙得到四分。
04:05
get band nine for grammar, but even in this case,
your maximum score overall would be band four.
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理論上文法您可以得到九分,但是,就這個
例子,您的評分總分會是四分。
04:13
Similarly, if your answer is on the right
general topic, but you don’t try to answer
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類似地,如果您的答案切中一般的
主題,但是您沒有試著去回答Task
04:19
the question in the task, then your maximum
scores for TA, C&C and vocabulary would be four,
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裡面的問題,那麼,您的TA、連貫/
凝聚、字彙最高評分分別會是四分、
04:26
five and six respectively. Remember that
it doesn’t matter how good your essay is,
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五分和六分。記住,您的議論文
有多好或您的字彙運用多恰當
04:32
or how good your vocabulary is! Going off task
puts hard limits on the score you can get.
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不是一個問題!離題在您能得到的
評分上設定了硬限制。
04:41
To stay on task, you need to understand
the task fully. So, what do you need to do?
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要不離題,您需要完全地理解
整個Task。所以,您要做什麼?
04:51
First, decide which parts you
don’t need to pay attention to.
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首先,決定您不需要留意哪一部分。
04:56
IELTS questions often have a format like this.
Which parts here are important, or not important?
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雅思問題通常有一個像這樣的格式。
在這裡,哪一部分是重要的,或是不重要的?
05:08
First, you can ignore anything
like ‘some people say…’,
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首先,您可以忽略任何像是
“some people say…”、
05:13
‘some people argue that…’, ‘other
people claim…’ or anything like that.
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“some people argue that…”、“other
people claim…”或任何像那樣的內容。
05:21
This is just a way to introduce different
ideas. Try to see the task like this.
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這只是介紹不同觀點的一種方式。
試著看看像這樣的task。
05:30
This is true in different question types,
too. Ignore anything like ‘some people say…’
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這在不同的問題類型裡也是一樣的。
忽略任何像是“some people say…”的內容。
05:36
It’s just a way to introduce an idea,
and it’s not relevant for your essay.
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那僅是介紹一個想法的一種方式,
那和您的議論文沒關聯。
05:42
Next, look at the instructions, and focus
on what they’re telling you to do, and
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接下來,看看說明,著重在
他們告訴您要做什麼,以及
05:49
what they’re *not* telling you to do. If
the task tells you to discuss both views,
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他們*沒有*告訴您要去做什麼。如果
task告訴您去討論兩種觀點,
05:55
then you need to put forward
arguments on both sides of the issue.
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那麼您需要就問題的兩面
提出爭論的論點。
06:00
Simple, right? But, if the task doesn’t tell you
to discuss both sides, then *you don’t need to*.
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簡單,對嗎?但是,如果task沒有告訴您
去討論問題的兩面,那麼*您不需要做*。
06:10
This is the bigger problem: students
often add things to their essays
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這是一個比較大的問題:學生們
通常添加沒在說明裡的
06:15
which are not in the instructions. For example,
we see many essays where the question asks
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事情到他們的議論文裡。例如,我們
看到很多問題在問”Do you
06:22
‘Do you agree or disagree?’, and students
try to put forward arguments on both sides,
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agree or disagree?“的議論文,學生們
試著提出兩面的爭論論點,
06:29
because they think it’s necessary. It’s not.
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因為他們認為那是重要的。
那不是重要的。
06:34
These are the basic points. Don’t ignore them!
Mistakes with these ideas are extremely common.
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這些是基礎的要點。不能忽略它們!
有這些想法的錯誤是極其常見的。
06:43
But, what else should you look for?
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但是,您應該還要找什麼?
06:48
Look at a sample task two question.
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看一個task 2的問題事例。
06:53
When you see a task two question, you should
look for quantifiers and limiting words.
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當您看到一個task 2的問題,您要
找量詞和限定詞。
07:00
What does this mean? We mean words like ‘some’,
‘all’, ‘most’, ‘many’, ‘no’, ‘only’ or ‘main’.
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這意味著什麼?我們意思是單字像“some”、
“all”、“most”、“many”、“no”、“only”或“main”。
07:11
‘Only’ is an example of a limiting word.
It limits something to a specific group.
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“Only”是限定詞的一個例子。
它限定某件事到一個特定的群體裡。
07:17
For example, if I say ‘I like apples’,
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例如,如果我說“I like apples”,
07:22
then it’s quite possible that I
like other kinds of fruit, too.
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那麼,我也喜歡其他類型的水果
是很有可能的。
07:27
If I say ‘I *only* like apples’, then
the statement becomes much stronger.
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如果我說“I *only* like apples”,那麼
陳述語氣變得強很多。
07:32
It’s telling you that I don’t like
any other kind of fruit except apples.
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那告訴我除了蘋果之外,不喜歡
任何其他的水果。
07:39
So, why are these words so important?
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所以,為什麼這些單字很重要?
07:45
Let’s demonstrate this by looking at
some different versions of this question.
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我們通過看這個問題的一些不同
版本來顯示這一點。
07:52
What do you think? Does
this make a big difference?
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您怎麼看?這有
很大的差別嗎?
07:57
It’s still the same basic topic
and task, but it *is* different.
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那仍然是相同的基礎主題和
task,但是,那*是*不同的。
08:04
First, saying ‘most people’ is a stronger claim
than ‘many people’. ‘Most people’ means more than
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首先,說“most people”是一個比“many
people”更強烈的聲明。“Most people”
08:13
half. ‘Many people’ just means a significant
number, but possibly less than fifty per cent.
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意味著超過一半。 “Many people”僅僅意味著
一個顯眼的數字,但是有可能少於50%。
08:23
If you’re agreeing or disagreeing with
this statement, these points matter.
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無論您是否同意這個陳述,
這些要點很重要。
08:30
Also, the word ‘only’ makes a *big* difference.
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單字“only”也製造了一個*大的*差別。
08:36
Saying that people *only* work out
of necessity means that there is no
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說人們 *只是*因為需要才工作
意味著人們為什麼工作
08:41
other reason why people work. Again, this is
a much stronger claim than the original task.
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沒有其他的理由。這也是一個比
原來的task更強烈的宣稱。
08:50
In the first version, you could say
that people work out of necessity,
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在第一個版本,您可以說人們
因為需要而工作,
08:54
but also work for other reasons, and in this
way you could agree with the idea in the task.
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但是,也因為其他理由而工作,這樣,
您可以同意task裡的想法。
09:02
However, in the second version, if you wrote
the same thing, you would now be disagreeing.
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然而,在第二個版本裡,如果您寫了相同
的事情,您現在將會不同意的。
09:10
Why? Because the second version – with
‘only’ – doesn’t allow for other reasons.
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為什麼?因為第二個版本——有
“only”——不允許其他的理由。
09:16
If you say there are other reasons why
people work, then you’re disagreeing
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如果您說人們為什麼工作有
其他的理由,那麼,您不同意
09:21
with the idea that people
*only* work out of necessity.
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人們*僅僅*因為需要而
工作的觀點。
09:28
Let’s look at one more version of our task.
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我們來再多看我們的task的一個版本。
09:33
What do you think? How does this change the task?
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您怎麼想?這怎樣改變了task?
09:40
To be clear, this third version
is not a realistic IELTS task,
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要明確的是,這第三個版本不是
一個現實的雅思task,
09:45
because the claim it makes is too strong.
Saying ‘nobody enjoys working’ means that
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因為它所做的陳述是太強烈了。
說“nobody enjoys working”意味著
09:52
there is not even one person in the whole world
who enjoys their job, which is a ridiculous idea.
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在世界上,甚至沒有一個人會享受他們
的工作,那是一個荒謬的觀點。
10:01
Similarly, ‘no one would work if it
was not necessary’ means that there is
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同樣地,“no one would work if it
was not necessary”意思是在世界上,
10:07
not even *one* person in the whole world who
would choose to work if they didn’t have to.
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甚至是如果人們不用去工作,沒有
*一個*人會選擇去工作。
10:17
We’re showing you this so that you see
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我們在告訴您這個,那麼您看到了
10:19
the difference these words make. In your exam
, or when you’re practising, look for quantifiers
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這些單字造成的差異。在您的
考試裡,或當您正在練習從
10:27
and limiting words in the question, and think
about how they affect the meaning of the task.
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問題裡尋找出量詞和限定詞時,考慮
它們怎麼影響task的意思。
10:38
Again, let’s start with a
sample task two question.
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同樣,我們用一個簡單的
task二的問題開始。
10:43
When you see the task, look for *value* words.
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當您看到task時,找出*評介*單字。
10:48
‘Value words’ means words which express an
opinion. This includes words like ‘should’,
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“Value words”意思是表達了一個
觀點的單字。這包括像“should”、
10:55
‘need to’, ‘better’, ‘best’, ‘bad’ or ‘too’.
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“need to”、“better”、“best”、“bad”或“too”的單字。
11:02
Here’s a question: why does
‘too’ express an opinion?
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這裡有一個問題:為什麼
“too”表達一個觀點?
11:07
‘Too’ expresses a negative
opinion about something.
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“Too”表達了與某些事情有關的一個
否定的觀點。
11:12
For example, if you say ‘it’s very
hot today’, you’re simply describing
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例如,如果您說“it’s very
hot today”,您在簡單地陳述
11:17
a fact. This doesn’t say anything about
whether you like the weather or not.
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一個事實。這不是說與您是否
喜歡天氣有關的任何事情。
11:24
However, if you say ‘it’s too hot today’,
this tells us something about how you feel.
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然而,如果您說“it’s too hot today”,
這告訴我們您感覺到的某些事情。
11:32
You’re saying ‘it’s hot and I don’t like it!’
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您在說“it’s hot and I don’t like it!”
11:37
Look at the sample task.
Where are the value words?
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看一個簡單的task。
評介單字在哪裡?
11:43
The value words here are ‘too’ and
‘should’. These express opinions:
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在這裡,評介單字是“too”和
”should“。這些表達了觀點:
11:48
that children and teenagers spend more
time in front of screens than they should,
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那些小孩和青少年在熒幕前花了
比他們要的更多的時間,
11:54
and that it would be better for parents
and school to set limits on screen time.
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父母和學校在熒幕時間使用上
設定限制比較好一點。
12:01
To see why this is important, look
at a different version of this task.
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要知道為什麼這是重要的,看
這個task的不同版本。
12:09
Obviously, the second task is a different question
type. But, there’s another important difference.
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很顯然,第二個task是一個不同的問題
類型。但是,有另一個重要的區別。
12:16
This second version doesn’t contain any value
words. It doesn’t say ‘too much time’; it says
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第二個版本沒有包含任何評介單字。
它沒有說“too much time”;它說
12:24
‘a large amount of time’, which
is a simple, factual description.
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“a large amount of time”,那是一個
簡單的、事實的陳述。
12:30
Let’s look at one more version.
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我們再看一個版本。
12:35
How does this change the task?
This third version contains value words:
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這個怎樣改變了task?這第三個
版本包含有評介單字:
12:43
‘unhealthy’, ‘tackle’ and ‘problem’. In
this case, the task presents the situation
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“unhealthy”、“tackle”和“problem”。在
這個事例裡,task展示了某些
12:50
as something bad. In the second version, the
task presented the situation in neutral terms.
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糟糕事情的情形。在第二個版本裡,
task用中性語言展示情形。
12:58
These might seem like small differences, but
if you want to write a high-scoring essay,
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這些也許看起來像是小的差異,但是,
如果您想寫一篇得高分的議論文,
13:04
you need to notice these points, and they
need to be reflected in your writing.
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您需要注意這些要點,它們需要
體現在您的寫作裡。
13:10
Look for value words in the task, and think
about whether the language used is neutral,
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尋找task裡的評介單字,考慮
使用的講法是否是中性的,
13:16
or whether it presents the topic
in a positive or negative way.
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或者是否用正面或負面
的方式來展示主題。
13:24
Let’s see another sample question.
IELTS tasks often contain general,
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我們來看另一個簡單的問題。雅思
tasks通常包含有常用、抽象的
13:32
abstract words, like ‘problems’, ‘benefits’,
‘advantages’, ‘negative effects’ and so on.
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高頻單字,像是“problems”、“benefits”、
“advantages”、“negative effects”等等。
13:42
Often IELTS students simply reuse these
words – or, they try to paraphrase them,
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通常雅思學生們簡單地重複使用這些單字
——或者,他們試圖去解釋它們,
13:47
but without thinking about what they really
mean. This often results in an essay which is too
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但是沒有考慮它們真正意味著什麼。
這樣,議論文通常會太普通、
13:53
general and not developed enough, and which is
likely to score band six maximum for TA and C&C.
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沒有足夠地鋪開,並可能在TA和C&C
部分獲得最高不超過6分的評分。
14:03
When you analyse the task, look
for general words like this
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當您分析task時,尋找
像這樣的常用單字,
14:07
and think about what they mean
*in the context of the task*.
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並考慮它們*在task上下文裡里*
意思是什麼。
14:12
In this task, these are the words
we think you should focus on.
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在本task裡,這些是我們認為
您要注意的單字。
14:19
First, what does ‘severe’ mean? Generally,
‘severe’ means ‘extremely serious’. What counts as
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首先,“severe”意思是什麼?一般來說,
“severe”意思是“extremely serious”。
14:29
a ‘severe health problem’? Does traffic congestion
lead to *severe* health problems, as opposed to
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一個“severe health problem”算作什麼?交通擁擠引發
了*嚴重的*健康問題,相反則
14:37
less serious health problems? If you
think so, then what are some examples of
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嚴重的健康問題會減少嗎?如果您
這麼想,那麼因交通擁擠而
14:44
severe health problems caused – directly
or indirectly – by traffic congestion?
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直接或間接引發的嚴重健康
問題的事例是什麼?
14:53
What does ‘quality of life’ mean, and how
can it be affected by traffic congestion?
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“quality of life”意思是什麼,以及
交通擁擠怎樣可以影響它?
15:00
Does someone who lives in a city with bad traffic
have a worse life than someone who lives in a city
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生活在一個有糟糕交通的城市裡的某些人
有比生活在一個沒有重大交通
15:06
without major traffic problems? How?
What does ‘alleviate’ mean here?
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問題的城市裡的某些人更糟糕的生活嗎?
怎麼說?“alleviate”在這裡是什麼意思?
15:15
In general, ‘alleviate’ means something like
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一般來說,“alleviate”意思是某些像是“improve“
15:19
‘improve’; more specifically, it means
‘to reduce the effects of a problem’.
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的事情;更特定的是,它意思是
“to reduce the effects of a problem”。
15:26
So, to answer this question, you need answers
to all the questions you heard just now,
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所以,要回答這個問題,您需要您在
剛才聽到的所有問題的答案,
15:31
because you need to talk about
the specific problems – health,
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因為您需要談特定的
問題——您要在您的
15:36
quality of life – which you’re
going to use in your essay.
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議論文裡使用
健康、生活品質。
15:40
Then, you need to think about what it means
to reduce the effects of these problems.
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然後,您要考慮減少這些問題的
影響意思是什麼。
15:48
Also, the question is slightly open. You *could*
say that the only way to avoid these problems
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問題也是略開放的。您*可以*
談避免這些問題的唯一方式
15:55
is to solve the problem of congestion itself.
Or, you could argue that the problems caused by
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是去解決交通自身的問題。
或者,您能辯論因交通擁擠而
16:03
traffic congestion can be tackled without
reducing traffic congestion itself.
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引發的問題可以在不用減少交通
擁擠本身的情況下被解決掉。
16:09
Confused? Don’t worry – this isn’t something
that most people can do just like that. We’re
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混淆了嗎?不用擔心——這不是大
部分人可以像那樣做的某些事情。
16:17
not giving you answers here, because
you need to develop your own ideas
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在這裡,我們沒有要給您答案,因為
您要拓展您自己的想法,
16:22
to write a successful task two; we’re showing
you the questions you need to think about,
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來寫一個成功的task2;我們正在告訴您
要考慮的問題,
16:28
and which you need to have an answer to.
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以及您需要有哪一個的答案。
16:33
Finally, remember that all of this needs
to happen before you write. In fact,
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最後,記住所有這些要在您寫作
之前發生。事實上,
16:41
you need to do all of this
before you even start planning!
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您甚至要在您開始規劃
之前做所有這些!
16:46
So, practise with task two questions. Find as
many task two questions as you can, and practise
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那麼,練習task2的問題。盡可能
多地找task2問題,並練習
16:52
task analysis. Look for parts of the task
which you can ignore. Look for quantifiers,
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task分析。找出您可以忽略的
task的部分。找出量詞、
16:58
value words and abstract words, and
think about what they mean for the task.
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評介單字以及抽象單字,
考慮它們在task裡意思是什麼。
17:04
In the exam, you need to be able to do this
fast, so try to start developing these habits
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在考試裡,您要能夠快速地做
這個,所以試著在您做雅思練習、
17:11
while you’re practising and
preparing for your exam.
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準備雅思考試的同時開始
養成這些習慣。
17:16
If you want, use the comment section to practise.
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如果您願意,可以在留言板裡練習。
17:20
Find a sample task two question,
and post it in the comments,
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找一個 task 2問題例子,
在留言板裡發佈它,
17:24
with your analysis. Other people can then comment
on whether they have the same idea or not.
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寫您的分析。然後,其他的人可以評論
他們是否有相同的想法或不一樣的。
17:34
Good luck if you have an IELTS
exam soon. Thanks for watching!
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如果您不久會有一個雅思考試,
祝您好運。感謝觀看!
17:38
See you next time!
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下次見!
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