IELTS Reading Exam - Answer Matching Headings Questions

雅思考试 — 阅读 标题配对题

Hi!

嗨！

I’m Martin.

我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

欢迎来到Oxford Online English。

Are you taking the IELTS examination?

您会有雅思考试吗？

What do you know about the reading paper?

关于阅读，您了解什么？

Are you having problems with any of the question types?

您在任何类型的 问题上有疑问吗？

In this lesson, you're going to learn how to complete matching headings questions in

在本节课里，您会学到怎样在 雅思阅读考试里完成

the IELTS reading exam.

标题配对题。

Part 1: basic tips for the matching headings section.

第一部分：标题配对单元的 基本诀窍。

Matching headings is often one of the most difficult question types for students.

对同学们来说，标题配对通常是 最难的题型中的一种。

Why?

为什么？

The main reason is that the headings are usually very similar to each other.

主要的理由是标题通常是 意思都很类似。

Also, you have more headings than you need for the question.

您有的标题也比您需要用来 回答问题的标题要多。

So, how can we make this a little easier?

所以，我们怎样让这个更容易一些呢？

Firstly, if there’s an example - and there usually is - cross out that answer.

首先，如果有一个例子 — 通常是要划掉那个答案。

You don’t need it; don’t let it confuse you.

您不需要它； 不要让它混淆您。

Also, the example isn’t always the first paragraph, so make sure you check carefully.

例子也不会总是第一个段落， 所以您要小心地检查。

Secondly, check how many questions you need to answer.

其次，检查您要回答 多少个问题。

How many extra answers are there?

那里有多少额外的答案？

If you are matching headings, do not use any answer more than once.

如果您要配对，不要使用 任何回答超过一次。

Finally, and most importantly, you do not need to read the whole text!

最后，最重要的是， 您不必读完整篇内容！

You don’t have time.

您没有时间。

You get marks for answering the questions, not understanding the whole text.

您因为回答问题而得分，而不是 因为理解整篇内容。

Your only job is to choose the correct answers.

您唯一要做的是选择正确的答案。

So, how can we find them?

那么，我们要怎样找到它们？

Part 2: how to answer a matching headings question.

第二部分：怎样回答一个 标题配对问题。

Take a look at these headings:

看一下这些标题：

1.

1.

How wildlife benefits from big trees 2.

How wildlife benefits from big trees 2.

How large trees are being destroyed 3.

How large trees are being destroyed 3.

How to support a functioning ecosystem

How to support a functioning ecosystem

Before you read any of the text, one technique is to read the headings first.

在您阅读任何文字内容之前， 首先有一种阅读标题的诀窍。

Read the headings and think about the topic of the text.

阅读标题，并考虑文字 内容的主题。

So, what were your ideas?

所以，您的观点是什么？

Something about trees?

某些与树木有关的？

The environment?

环境？

Now, let’s take a look at the first paragraph.

现在，我们看一下第一段。

That is a lot of text.

那有很多文字。

We could read it all, but why would we?

我们可以全部读完它，但是， 我们为什么要读完？

We don’t need the details, we just need to work out what the main idea of the paragraph

我们不需要细节，我们只需要 找出段落的主要观点

is.

是什么。

And, to do that, we only need the first, second and last sentences.

以及，要做那个，我们只需要 第一、第二和最后一句。

Much better.

太好了。

Read the first sentence.

读第一句。

Most paragraphs will start with a mini-introduction that will often tell you what the paragraph

大部分的段落用迷你介绍开始， 它通常会告诉您段落是

is about.

与什么有关的。

Large trees are an essential part of any successfully functioning ecosystem.

大的树木是成功运作的生态系统里 一个必不可少的部分。

OK, so from our three headings, which one could it be?

好，那么我们的三个标题里， 哪一个可以配对？

Try looking for synonyms and phrases that have a similar meaning to the first sentence.

试着找出同义的以及与第一个句子 有一个相似意思的短语。

Can we rule out any answers yet?

我们也可以排除任何答案吗？

Well, it could be number one.

好，那可以是标题一。

We have a mention of trees, and the words ‘essential part’ and ‘successfully’

我们有提到树木，以及单词 “essential part”和“successfully”

could connect to the idea of ‘benefits’ in heading number one.

可以与在标题一里的“benefits” 的想法相关联。

What about number two?

那标题二呢？

We have ‘trees’ again.

我们也有“trees”。

However, number two contains the word ‘destroyed’, and there is nothing which connects to this

然而，标题二包含单词“destroyed”， 同时，在第一句里没有任何东西

in the first sentence.

可以与这个相关联的。

In number three, we have the phrase ‘functioning ecosystem’, which appears in the first sentence.

在标题三，我们有短语“functioning ecosystem”，那有在第一句里出现。

So, three is another possibility.

那么，标题三是另一个可能性。

Even if you think you know, make sure you read the last sentence of the paragraph to

即使您认为您知道了，确认您阅读 段落的最后一句来看

check your ideas.

您的想法是对的吗。

Most paragraphs will end with a mini-conclusion.

大部分的段落会用一个迷你 总结来结束。

If this mini-conclusion is on the same topic as the first sentence, that is often enough

如果这个迷你总结的主题是与 第一句相同，那通常足够

to give you the answer.

给出您答案了。

Let’s look at the last sentence:

我们来看最后一句。

This allows the trees to support a substantial proportion of the life in the forest.

这允许树木给森林里相当大的 一部分生命提供了支持。

What is the meaning of the sentence?

这句是什么意思？

Can you see any synonyms or other words which we can connect to words or phrases in the

我们可以看到任何同义的，或其他的 单词让我们可以连接到

headings?

标题里的单词或短语吗？

At this point, we can say that it can’t be heading number two.

从这点来看，我们可以说 不能选标题二。

In both sentences we have nothing about the destruction of trees.

在两个句子里，我们没有任何与 树木的摧毁有关的东西。

Number one is looking very likely.

标题一看起来很像。

We have ‘support’ - a similar idea to ‘benefits’ - and ‘life’ - similar

我们有“support” — 一个与“benefits” 相似的意思 — 以及“life”

to ‘wildlife’.

— 与“wildlife”相似。

Number 3?

标题三呢？

‘How to support a functioning ecosystem’ suggests that the text should give people

“How to support a functioning ecosystem” 是文字内容要给

advice.

人们建议。

Are these sentences giving us advice or not?

这些句子有给我们建议 吗？还是没有？

They aren’t, and so we can rule out heading number three.

它们没有，所以我们可以 划掉标题三。

So you could now choose heading number one and move onto the next question.

所以您现在可以选择标题一， 并看下一个问题。

However, if you aren’t sure, don’t worry.

然而，如果您不确定，不用担心。

Read the second sentence in the paragraph.

阅读段落里的第二句。

This should help you to find the right answer with more certainty.

这会帮助您找到有更多 把握的正确回答。

Without the trees, innumerable species would be left without habitats and would cease to

没有树木，无数的物种将会失去 栖息地，并会消失

exist.

灭绝。

OK, even if you weren’t sure before, you can see that this is about trees and how they

好了，即使您之前不确定，您可以看到 这是与树木有关，以及

help wildlife.

它们怎样帮助野生生物。

The answer must be heading number one: How wildlife benefits from large trees.

答案必须是标题一： How wildlife benefits from large trees.

Let’s do one more example.

我们来再做一个例子。

We’ll use the same technique.

我们会使用相同的诀窍。

Look at these headings:

看这些标题：

1.

1.

Working conditions in the UK 2.

Working conditions in the UK 2.

The benefits of being a member of a trade union

The benefits of being a member of a trade union

3.

3.

Declining membership of trade unions in the UK

Declining membership of trade unions in the UK

Again, read the headings and think about the topic of the text.

同样，阅读标题，并想想 文字内容的主题。

So, what were your ideas?

那么，您的想法是什么？

Something about work in the UK?

一些与在英国工作有关的事情？

Membership of trade unions?

工会联盟的会员？

Now, let’s take a look at our paragraph:

现在，我们看一下我们的段落：

Remember, we don’t need the details yet, we just need the main idea of the paragraph.

记住，我们仍然不需要细节， 我们只是需要段落的主要观点。

Again, you just need the first, second and last sentences.

同样，您只需要第一句、第二句 以及最后一句。

Let’s have a look at the first sentence.

我们来看第一句。

How does that help us?

那能怎样帮助我们？

Trade unions provide an essential defence against exploitative working practices.

Trade unions provide an essential defence against exploitative working practices.

Okay, exactly the same as before: try looking for synonyms and phrases that have a similar

好，与之前完全相同：试着找到同义的， 以及与句子的其余部分

meaning to the rest of the sentence.

有相似含义的短语。

Can we rule any answers out yet?

我们可以划掉任何答案吗？

It could be heading number one.

肯定是标题一。

We have the word ‘working’ in both.

标题一与第一句都有单词“working”。

The sentence also says ‘exploitative’.

句子也说“exploitative”。

‘Exploitative’ describes a relationship where one side is more powerful, and uses

“Exploitative”描述一个关系，一方 更强大，并利用力量

that power to treat the other side unfairly.

不公平地对待另一方。

This could link to ‘working conditions’.

这可以连接到“working conditions”。

What about heading number two?

那标题二呢？

The phrase ‘trade union’ is in both.

标题二与第一句都有“trade union”。

Also, we have the word ‘defence’.

我们也有单词“defence”。

‘Defence’ here connects to the idea of helping people by protecting their rights.

在这里，“Defence”与通过保护人们的 权利来帮助他们的观点相关联。

Heading number two talks about ‘benefits’, so it could still be number two.

标题二谈论“benefits”， 所以仍然可以选标题二。

What about the third heading?

那标题三呢？

‘Trade union’ is in both, but there’s nothing else to connect the heading to the

“Trade union”出现在第一句以及标题三， 但是没有任何其他东西

first sentence.

可以连接标题三与第一句。

So, it looks less likely, but we don’t have enough information to rule any headings out

所以，那看起来不太像，但是， 我们仍然没有足够的信息

yet.

来划掉任何标题。

You can see that this example is a little more difficult.

您可以看到这个例子是 有一点难。

With our first example, we had a good idea of which heading was right after reading one

在我们的第一个例子，阅读了一个 句子之后，我们有了哪一个

sentence.

标题是正确的好主意。

Here, the first sentence of the paragraph hasn’t helped us much yet.

在这里，段落的第一句仍然没有 帮助我们太多。

What do you do?

您要做什么？

No problem!

没问题！

Remember: the next step is to look at the final sentence of the paragraph:

记住：下一步是看段落的 最后一句话：

A large decrease in the number of members means that trade unions currently have far

会员数量上的大幅减少意味着 工会联盟现在的影响力

less influence compared to the height of their power in the 1980s.

与其在1980年代时的权利 高度相比，要小得多。

Does this make things any clearer?

这让事情更清楚了吗？

The sentence says the number of members has decreased.

句子说会员的数量有减少。

So, heading number three is looking more probable, because it talks about ‘declining membership

所以，标题三看起来更有可能，因为 它谈论“declining membership

of trade unions’.

of trade unions”。

But, what about headings one and two?

但是，标题一和标题二呢？

There’s nothing obvious in the last sentence which connects to one or two.

在最后一句，没有任何连接到标题一 和标题二的明显的东西。

However, there’s also nothing which lets us rule them out.

然而，没有任何理由让 我们划掉它们。

So, I think we need to do some more work.

所以，我认为我们需要做 更多工作来做这题。

What should you do?

您要做什么呢？

Read the second sentence.

阅读第二句。

Yet, due to a lack of awareness surrounding the benefits of joining a union and an increase

然而，因为对加入工会的好处 认识不足以及临时工作的

in temporary work, union membership in the UK continues to fall year-on-year.

增加，在英国工会联盟 会员人数一年比一年少。

Can we make a final decision now?

现在，我们可以做一个 最终的决定了吗？

The second sentence mentions ‘benefits’, which appears in heading number two, but this

第二句提到了出现在标题二的 “benefits”，但是，

sentence says that people don’t know the benefits of joining a trade union, which is

这句说人们不知道加入一个工会 联盟的好处，与标题二的

a different context from heading number two.

上下文不同。

So, there’s nothing to connect this sentence to headings one or two.

所以，没有任何东西把这句与 标题一或标题二连接。

What about heading number three?

标题三呢？

The sentence tells us that trade union membership continues to fall.

句子说我们工会联盟会员 人数持续减少。

‘Fall’ is a synonym for ‘decline’.

“Fall”是“decline”的同义词。

Therefore, we can match heading number three to this paragraph.

所以，我们可以把标题三 配对到这个段落。

Is that any clearer?

有没有更清楚呢？

If you aren’t sure why number three is the answer, remember that you can review this

如果您不确定为什么标题三是答案， 记住，您可以复习这个单元，

section as many times as you need.

您想复习几遍就复习几遍。

Follow each step and think about the logic you need to use to reach the right answer.

跟随每一个步骤，并思考您需要 用来得到正确答案的逻辑。

These questions can be challenging, but by practising the technique, you will feel more

这些问题可以是有挑战性的， 但是，通过练习诀窍，在您

confident when matching headings in your IELTS reading exam.

做雅思阅读考试里的标题 配对题时，您会感到更自信。

So, that is how you answer matching headings questions in the IELTS reading exam.

所以，那就是您怎样在雅思阅读 考试里回答标题配对题。

Make sure you practise this technique to improve your speed.

确定您练习这个诀窍 来提高您的速度。

Some key points to remember for your IELTS reading exam:

您的雅思阅读考试里， 一些关键点是要记住的：

1.

1.

Do not read the whole text.

不要阅读整篇文字内容。

You only need to read the first, last and maybe the second sentences.

您只需要读第一句、最后 一句，以及或许第二句。

2.

2.

Look for synonyms and similar ideas between the headings and sentences.

在标题和句子之间找同义词， 以及相似的观点。

Is the paragraph saying the same thing, but in a different way?

段落是在说同一件事情，但是， 是用一种不同的方式吗？

3.

3.

Remember that seeing synonyms or even the same words in the paragraph and the heading

记住，看到段落里以及标题里的 同义词，或者甚至是相同的单词，

DOES NOT mean that this heading is the right one.

不意味着标题是正确的一个。

Always check that the meaning fits.

总是要检查意思是否合适。

4.

4.

If you’ve used the technique and still aren’t sure of an answer, move on to the next question.

如果您有用诀窍，仍然不确定一个 答案，那就移到下一个问题。

When you’ve answered a few more questions and used more of the headings, you can come

当您回答多几个问题之后， 用掉更多的标题，

back to questions you haven’t answered.

您可以回到之前没有回答的问题。

5.

5.

Answer all the questions.

回答所有的问题。

Even if nothing works, make sure you write an answer, even if you have to guess between

即使什么都做不出来，确定您写一个 答案，即使您必须在

2 or 3 options.

2或3个选项之间猜。

Well, that’s the end of the lesson.

好，本节课就到这里。

I hope this helps you answer matching headings questions in the IELTS reading exam.

我希望这会帮助您在雅思阅读 考试里回答标题配对问题。

Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon!

如果您近期会有一个雅思 考试，祝您好运！

You can check out our website for more free English lessons, including IELTS preparation

要看更多的免费英语课程，包括 雅思准备课程，您可以

lessons: Oxford Online English dot com.

浏览我们的网站：Oxford Online English dot com。

Thanks for watching.

感谢观看。

See you soon!

再见！